MY PPT On LNG
MY PPT On LNG
MY PPT On LNG
LNG
LNG
Liquefied natural gas(LNG) isnaturalgas
(predominantlymethane, CH4) that has been
convertedtoliquidformforeaseofstorageor
transport.
Liquefied natural gas takes up about 1/600th
the volumeof naturalgasin thegaseousstate.
It
isodorless,colorless,non-toxicand
non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability
aftervaporizationintoagaseousstate.
The Origins
OriginofLNG
Naturalgasliquefactiondatesbacktothe19thcenturywhen
BritishchemistandphysicistMichael Faraday experimented
withliquefyingdifferenttypesofgases,includingnaturalgas.
GermanengineerKarlVonLindebuiltthefirstpractical
compressorrefrigerationmachineinMunichin1873.
ThefirstLNGplantwasbuiltinWestVirginiain1912and
beganoperationin1917.
ThefirstcommercialliquefactionplantwasbuiltinCleveland,
Ohio,in1941.
TheLNGwasstoredintanksatatmosphericpressure.The
liquefactionofnaturalgasraisedthepossibilityofits
transportationtodistantdestinations.InJanuary1959,the
world'sfirstLNGtankerset in service
LiquefiedNaturalGas(FactsandFigures)
LNGistheworldsfastestgrowingenergyoptionoverlast2decades
Thetradehasgrown4timesinlast30years
GeographicaldistributionofNGreservesareverydifferentfromoilreserves
eg.ofoilreservesarewithOPECcountries,equivalentfigureforgasreserves
inOPECisonlyabout1/3rd
63%ofprovengasreservesarelocatedinjust5countriesviz.
Countries
Reserves (BCM)
Russia
47650
Iran
28130
Qatar
25360
Saudi Arabia
7070
UAE
6060
Tocreatelessdependenceonoillobbyingcountries
RisingdemandforNaturalGasbasedapplications
Monetizingmarginalgasfieldswhichmightbeuneconomicaltotransportingaseousstate
Offshoresourcelocationswhichmightbeuneconomicaltotransportingaseousstate
TechnologicaldevelopmentinprocessingofLNG
SecurelongtermmarketpresenceforNaturalGas
Asastorageoption
PureformofNaturalgas
Environmentalawareness
AtypicalLNGprocess
Thegasisfirstextractedandtransportedtoaprocessingplant
where it is purified by removing any condensates such as
water,oil,mud,aswellasothergasessuchasCO 2andH2S.
An LNG process train will also typically be designed to
remove trace amounts of mercury from the gas stream to
prevent mercury amalgamizing with aluminium in the
cryogenicheatexchangers.
The gas is then cooled down in stages until it is liquefied.
LNGisfinallystoredinstoragetanksandcanbeloadedand
shipped.
GasField
Gastreatmentplant
GasLiquefactionplant
GasTransportation
Re-gasificationTerminal
LNGInLandtransportation(Pipeline,Roadtankersetc.)
GasField
-Provenreserves
-Associated/NonAssociatedgasfields
-MarginalGasfields
-Onshore/Offshoregasfields
Gastreatmentplant
-Dehydration (Location:Neargasproducingfield)
-Gassweetening (Location:Atliquefactionplant)
-Co2removal (Location:Atliquefactionplant)
-Mercuryremoval (Location:Atliquefactionplant)
-HighHC/condensateremoval(Location:Atliquefactionplant)
GasLiquefactionplant
Liquefactiontechnologyisprimarilyacryogenicandlowtemperaturegas
processingdependingonefficientuseoflowtemperatureheattransfer.
-Cascadecycle
-Mixedrefrigerantscycle
LNGStorage
-FullContainmenttank
-DoubleContainmenttank
-SingleContainmenttank
GasTransportationbyship
-Membranedesign
-Invar(36%Nickelsteelalloy)strip
Re-gasificationTerminal
-OffShoreterminal
-Onshoreterminal
-FSRU
LNGInLandtransportation(Pipeline,Roadtankersetc.)
Liquefaction
Consumer
Delivery
Liquefactio
n
Gas pipeline
= 1 7.5 MPa
Gas Supply
Reserve Fuel
Engine Fuel
Mini Energy
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