AC Motors: Almocera, Richlyn Iza R. Mitra, Jervelyn Kae F

AC Motors
Almocera, Richlyn Iza R.

Mitra, Jervelyn Kae F.
Alternating Current Motors
An alternating current (AC) motor is a motor that uses
alternating current to produce rotation. These are most
frequently used motor because electrical power is
normally supplied by alternating current. These are
primary used as source of constant-speed mechanical
power but are increasingly being used in variable speed-
control applications.
Advantages
They are popular because they can provide rotary power with high
efficiency, low maintenance, and exceptional reliabilityall at
relatively low cost.
AC motor have only two bearings that can wear.

There are no brushes to wear because the motor does not have a
commutator.
No sparks are generated to create a hazard in the presence of
flammable materials.
Disadvantages
o They only work on AC.
o Their maximum speed is limited by the supply

frequency (a 50 Hz supply limits the motor to about
3000 rpm)
o Starting torque is low they do not get heavy loads

moving very quickly.
MAIN PARTS
1. Rotor
2. Stator
Rotor
Stator
AC Motor Types
1. Induction (asynchronous)
2. Synchronous
Induction motors
Induction motors are the workhorses of
modern industry because they have no
applied field excitation, the rotor windings
can be made to be very simple and
rugged.
Synchronous Motor
Synchronous motors have a DC field excitation applied to the field
windings on the rotor. This has the effect of allowing the motor to
run at synchronous speed.
Classification:
o Brush type
o Brushless type
Induction Motor vs. Synchronous
Motor
no externally-applied rotor Require DC excitation to be supplied
excitation to the rotor
dont require DC power source Require a DC power source for the
rotor excitation
Most often constructed with
conduction bars in the rotor that are Require rotor windings
shorted together at the ends to form Operates at synchronous speed (RPM
a squirrel cage = 120f/p)
Operates at less then synchronous Requires a starting mechanism in
speed [RPM = (120f/p)(1-s)] addition to the mode of operation that
is in effect once they reach
3-phase can start by simply
synchronous speed
applying power and single-phase
require an additional starting circuit More efficient
Dont require slip rings, but some Can be constructed with permanent
have them for soft starting and magnets in the rotor
speed control Require slip rings and brushes to
supply rotor excitation
Always operate with a lagging
power factor Can be adjusted to be lagging, unity
or leading power factor
Classification of AC Motor
based on Type of current
1.Single Phase Motor

2.Three Phase Motor
Single Phase Motor
It operates on single-phase power

system with single voltage or current.
There are two power lines connected
to the motor or load being operated.
Types of Single Phase Induction
Motors
A. Split-phase motor
B. Capacitor start motor
C. Permanent capacitor run motor
D. Capacitor start capacitor run motor
E. Shaded pole motor
F. Variable Reluctance
Split Phase Induction
Motor
Application
Blowers
Fan
Washing Machine
Grinders
Capacitor Start Induction
Motor
Applications
Water Pumps
Grinders
Lathe machine
Compressors
Drilling machine
Permanent Capacitor Induction
Motor
Applications
Exhaust
Intake fans
Unit heaters
Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Induction Motor
Application
Compressor
Refrigerator
Air Conditioners
Conveyor
Ceiling fan
Air circulator
Shaded Pole Induction Motor
Switched reluctance or
variable reluctance
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a form ofstepper motor
that uses fewer poles. The SRM has the lowest construction cost
of any industrial electric motor because of its simple structure.
Common uses for an SRM include applications where the rotor
must be held stationary for long periods, and in potentially
explosive environmentssuch as mining because it does not have a
mechanical commutator.
The phase windings in a SRM are electrically isolated from each
other, resulting in higherfault tolerancethan inverter-driven AC
induction motors. The optimal drive waveform is not a pure
sinusoid, due to the non-linear torque relative to rotor
displacement, and the highly position-dependent inductance of the
stator phase windings.
Applications
> Analog electric meters.

> Somewashing machinedesigns.
> Control rod drive mechanisms of
nuclear reactors.
>Hard disk drivemotor.
Three Phase Motor
It is operated by a combination of
three single-phase coils or windings
so arranged at 120 degrees apart.
There are three power lines to the
phase motor or load.
The three-phase motor is simpler and smaller than
its single-phase counterpart, but it can be used only
where three-phase power is available.
The natural timing sequence of the three individual

phase voltages produces the rotating stator field that
pulls the rotor around. The rotor is the squirrel cage
type. The reason this motor is so simple (and hence
reliable) is that it is self-startingjust apply the
power, and it starts.
A three-phase motor, once started, will
continue to run even when one of the
phases is disconnected, because two-
thirds of the rotating field is still working
and the mechanical inertia of the spinning
rotor will carry it over the dead spot
caused by the missing wire. However,
vibration and noise will increase, torque
will decrease, and the motor may
overheat due to greater current in the
active field windings.
Formula:
where
ns is the synchronous speed, in RPM
F is the frequency in Hz
P is the number of poles of the motor, which can be defined
as 2 x the number of different magnetic field orientations
around the stator per phase. The minimum number of poles is
2 and the number of poles is always even.
where
n is the speed of the motor, in RPM
s is the slip
ns is the synchronous speed of the
motor
A 3 4 pole 50 Hz induction motor
runs at 1460 rpm find its percentage
slip.
A 12 pole 3 alternator driver at
speed of 500 r.p.m. supplies power to
an 8 pole 3 induction motor. If the
slip of motor is 0.03p.u, calculate the
speed.

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AC Motors

Almocera, Richlyn Iza R.

AC motor have only two bearings that can wear.

o Their maximum speed is limited by the supply

o Starting torque is low they do not get heavy loads

1.Single Phase Motor

It operates on single-phase power

> Analog electric meters.

The natural timing sequence of the three individual

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