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QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Quantitative research is used to quantify
the problem by way of generating
numerical data or data that can be
transformed into usable statistics. It is used
to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors,
and other defined variables and generalize
results from a larger sample population.
Quantitative data collection methods
include various forms of surveys – online
surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys, and
kiosk surveys. It includes also the face-to-
face interviews, telephone interviews,
longtidunal studies, website interceptors,
online polls, and systematic observations.
Quantitative research emphasize
objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical or numerical analysis of data
collected through polls, questionaires and
surveys or by manipulating pre-existing
statistical data using computational
techniques.
Four Main Types of
Quantitative Research
DESCRIPTIVE,
CORRELATIONAL,
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
EXPERIMENTAL
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
This design aims to describe or depict
systematically/accurately the facts and
characteristics of a given population or
area of interest, factually and
accurately
Correlational Research
aims to describe and measure the
degree of association between two
or more variables or sets of scores.
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
It involves the manipulation of independent variable
to observe to effect ton dependent variable, but it
lacks at least one of the two characteristics of the true
experimental design; randomization or a control group.
In other words, quasi-experimental designs have an
element of manipulation but lack at least one of the
other two properties that characterize true
experiments; randomization or a control group.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
an experiment tests an idea to determine
whether it influences an outcome. Used when the
researcher wants to establish possible cause and
effect between variables.
attempts to influence a particular variable
tests hypotheses about cause-and-effect
relationships
treats the subject in definite and exact manner
and determines the extent of the effects of
influence of the treatment on the object or
subject
CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 It relies on the collection and analysis of numerical
data to describe , explain, predict or control
variables and phenomena of interest.
 It seeks to describe current situations, establish
relationships between variables, and sometimes
attempt to explain casual relationships between
variables.
 The researcher is to remain as objective as possible.
Objectively is what enables the quantitative
researcher to generalize findings of a research study
beyond the particular situation involved in the study.
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Qualitative research is primarily
exploratory research. It is used to gain an
understanding of underlying reasons and
motivations. Qualitative research is also
used to uncover trends in thought and
opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.
Qualitative data collection methods vary
using unstructured or semi-structured
techniques.
Some common methods includes focus
groups (group discussion), individual
interviews, and participation or
observations. The sample size is typically
small and respondents are selected to
fulfil a given quota.
Qualitative research is a scientific method
of observation to gather non-numerical
data. This type of research “refers to the
meanings, concept definitions,
characteristics, metaphors, symbols and
description of things” and not their “counts
or measures”.
FIVE MAIN TYPES OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Ethnography
Case Study
Phenomenological
Grounded Theory
Historical Study
Ethnography
A qualitative research design called ethnographic
involves a study of a certain cultural group or
prganization, in which you the researcher, to obtain
knowledge about the characteristics, organizational
set-up, and relationships of the group members.
Since this design gives stress to study of a group of
people, in a way this is one special kind of a case
study.
CASE STUDY
To do a research study based on this research
design is to describe a person, a thing or any
creature on Earth for the purpose of explaining
the reasons behind the nature of its existence.
Your aim here is to determine why such a
creature (person, organization, thing, or event)
acts, behaves, occurs or exists in a particular
manner. Usually, a case study centers on an
individual or single subject matter.
Phenomenological
A phenomenon is something you experience on Earth as
a person. It is sensory experience that makes you
perceive or understand things that naturally occur in
your life such as death, joy, friendship, caregiving,
defeat, victory and the like. This qualitative research
design makes you follow a research method that will
make you understand the ways of how people go
through inevitable events in their lives.
Grounded Theory
A research study adhering to a grounded theory

research design aims at developing a theory to
increase your understanding of something in a phsycho-
social context. Collecting data based on this qualitative
research design called grounded theory is through
formal, informal, or semi-structured interview, as well
as analysis of written works, notes, anf phone calls.
Historical Study
This qualitative research design tells you the right
research method to determine the reasons for changes
or permanence of things in the physical world in a
certain period. Historical study differs from other
research designs because of this one element that is
peculiar to it, the scope. The scope or coverage of a
historical study refers to the number of years coverd,
the kind of events focused on, and the extent of new
knowledge or discoveries resulting from the historical
study.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 Qualitative research is an effort to understand
situations in their uniqueness as part of a particular
context and the imteractions there.
 A second characteristic of all forms of qualitative
research is that the researcher is the primary instrument
for data collection and analysis.
 A third characteristic of qualitative research is that it
usually involves fieldwork. The researcher must go to
the people, setting, site, institution in order to observe
behavior in its natural setting.

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QUANTITATIVE

A research study adhering to a grounded theory

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