Entrepreneurship, New Ventures, and Business Ownership: Business Essentials 9e Ebert/Griffin

Entrepreneurship, Business Essentials
New Ventures, and 9e

Business Ownership Ebert/Griffin
chapter three
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Define small business, discuss its importance to the U.S.

economy, and explain popular areas of small business.
2. Explain entrepreneurship and describe some key
characteristics of entrepreneurial personalities and
activities.
3. Describe the business plan and the start-up decisions
made by small businesses and identify sources of
financial aid available to such enterprises.
4. Discuss the trends in small business start-ups and
identify the main reasons for success and failure among
small businesses.
3-2
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
5. Explain sole proprietorships, partnerships, and

cooperatives and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each.
6. Describe corporations, discuss their advantages and
disadvantages, and identify different kinds of
corporations; explain the basic issues involved in
managing a corporation and discuss special issues
related to corporate ownership.
3-3
What Is a “Small” Business?
Small business
└ one that is independent (not part of a larger
business) and that has relatively little influence in
its market
Small Business Administration (SBA)
└ government agency charged with assisting small
businesses
3-4
The Importance of Small Business in
the United States
3-5
The Importance of Small Business
in the U.S. Economy
Job creation
Innovation
Contributions to big business
3-6
Job Creation
Small businesses have accounted for about 40

percent of all new jobs in high-technology
sectors of the economy
Small businesses are generally the first to hire
in times of economic recovery
3-7
Popular Areas of Small-
Business Enterprise
3-8
Entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneur  Entrepreneurship
└ businessperson who └ the process of seeking
accepts both the risks business opportunities
and the opportunities under conditions of
involved in creating risk
and operating a new
business venture
3-9
Entrepreneurial Characteristics
Resourcefulness
Concern for good, personal customer relations
Strong desire to be their own bosses
Deal with uncertainty and risk
3-10
Starting and Operating
a New Business
Business plan
└ Document in which the entrepreneur describes
her or his business strategy for the new venture
and demonstrates how it will be implemented
3-11
Crafting a Business Plan
Setting Goals and Objectives

Sales Forecasting
Financial Planning
3-12
Crafting a Business Plan
1. What are the entrepreneur’s goals and

objectives?
2. What strategies will be used to obtain them?
3. How will these strategies be implemented?
3-13
Starting the Small Business
Buying an Existing
Business
Franchising
Starting from
Scratch
3-14
Starting the Small Business
Franchise
└ an arrangement in which a buyer (franchisee)
purchases the right to sell the good or service of
the seller (franchiser)
3-15
Franchising
Advantages
└ Proven business opportunity
└ Access to management expertise
Disadvantages
└ Start-up costs
└ Ongoing payments
└ Management rules and restrictions
3-16
Starting from Scratch
Who and where are my customers?

How much will those customers pay for my
product?
How much of my product can I expect to sell?
Who are my competitors?
Why will customers buy my product rather
than the product of my competitors?
3-17
Financing the Small Business
 Personal resources
 Loans from family and friends
 Bank loans
 Venture capital companies
 Small-Business Investment Companies (SBICs)
 Minority Enterprise Small-Business Investment
Companies (MESBICs)
 SBA financial programs
3-18
Financing the Small Business
Venture Capital Company

└ group of small investors who invest money in
companies with rapid growth potential
Small-Business Investment Company (SBIC)
└ government-regulated investment company that
borrows money from the SBA to invest in or lend
to a small business
3-19
Trends in Small-Business Start-Ups
Emergence of E-Commerce
└ The Internet provides fundamentally new ways of
doing business
Crossovers from Big Business
└ More businesses are being started by people who
have opted to leave big corporations and put their
experience to work for themselves
Opportunities for Minorities and Women
3-20
Trends in Small-Business Start-Ups
Global Opportunities
└ Many entrepreneurs are also finding new
opportunities in foreign markets
Better Survival Rates
└ Today, 44 percent of new start-ups can expect to
survive for at least four years
3-21
Reasons Women
Give for Starting Businesses
3-22
Reasons for Failure
1. Managerial incompetence or inexperience

2. Neglect
3. Weak control systems
4. Insufficient capital
3-23
Reasons for Success
1. Hard work, drive, and dedication

2. Market demand for the products or services
being provided
3. Managerial competence
4. Luck
3-24
Noncorporate Business
Ownership
 Sole Proprietorship  General Partnership
└ business owned and └ business with two or
usually operated by more owners who
one person who is share in both the
responsible for all of operation of the firm
its debts and the financial
responsibility for its
debts
3-25
Sole Proprietorship
 Advantages  Disadvantages
└ Freedom └ Unlimited liability
└ Simple to form └ Limited resources
└ Low start-up costs └ Limited fundraising
└ Tax benefits capability
└ Lack of continuity
3-26
Partnerships
└ More talent and └ Unlimited liability for
money general partners
└ More fundraising └ Disagreements among
capability partners
└ Relatively easy to form └ Lack of continuity
└ Limited liability for
limited partners
└ Tax benefits
3-27
Comparative Summary:
Three Forms of Business
3-28
Alternatives to General Partnerships
Limited Partnership
└ Allows for limited partners who invest money but
are liable for debts only to the extent of their
investments
└ General (or active) partners run the business
Master Limited Partnership
└ Master partner has majority ownership and runs
the business; minority partners have no
management voice
3-29
Cooperatives
Combine the freedom of sole proprietorships

with the financial power of corporations
Groups of sole proprietorships or partnerships
agree to work together for their common
benefit
3-30
Proportions of U.S. Firms in Terms of
Organization Type and Sales Revenue
3-31
The Corporate Entity
Corporation
└ business that is legally considered an entity
separate from its owners and is liable for its own
debts; owners’ liability extends to the limits of
their investments
3-32
Corporations
└ Limited liability └ Can be taken over
└ Continuity against the will of its
└ Stronger fundraising management
capability └ Double taxation of
profits
└ Complicated and
expensive to form
3-33
Types of Corporations
3-34
• Closely Held (or Private) Corporation
– a corporation whose stock is held by only a few people
and is not available for sale to the general public
• Publicly Held (or Public) Corporation
– A corporation whose stock is widely held and available
for sale to the general public
• S Corporation
– a hybrid of a closely held corporation and a
partnership, organized and operated like a corporation
but treated as a partnership for tax purposes
3-35
• Limited Liability Corporation (LLC)
– hybrid of a publicly held corporation and a
partnership in which owners are taxed as
partners but enjoy the benefits of limited liability
• Professional Corporation
– form of ownership allowing professionals to
take advantage of corporate benefits while
granting them limited business liability and
unlimited professional liability
3-36
Managing a Corporation
Corporate Governance
└ roles of shareholders, directors, and other
managers in corporate decision making and
accountability
3-37
Corporate Governance
Stockholder (or Shareholder)

└ owner of shares of stock in a corporation
Board of Directors
└ governing body of a corporation that reports to its
shareholders and delegates power to run its day-
to-day operations while remaining responsible for
sustaining its assets
Officers
└ top management team of a corporation
3-38
Special Issues in Corporate Ownership
Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances
Employee Stock Ownership Plans
Institutional Ownership
Mergers, Acquisitions, Divestitures, and Spin-Offs
3-39
Strategic alliance \ joint venture
- They are common in technology,
manufacturing and commercial real estate
development.
- Company wants to expand its sale into
operation into a foreign country.
3-40
Strategic alliance joint venture
Strategy in which two or more Strategic alliance in which the
organizations collaborate on a collaboration involves joint
project for mutual gain. ownership of the new venture.
It is a legal agreement between The companies start and invest
two or more companies to in a new company that’s
share access to their assets. owned by both of parent
companies.
Dose not create a new The new company is an
company. ongoing entity that will be in
business for itself, but the
profits are owned by parent
companies. 3-41
Mergers \ Acquisitions
- This is kind of ownerships are an important
from of corporate strategy for :
Increasing products lines.
Expanding operations.
Going international.
Creating a new enterprise.
3-42
mergers acquisitions
Union (combine) of two Purchase (buy) of one company
corporations to form a new by another outright.
corporation.
In general when the two firms When the acquiring firm is
are roughly the same size, substantially larger then the
even if one firm is taking acquired firm.
control of other. Is action by which organization
seek out bargains of weight.
They do not have to exchange
reserves or alliance as a new
organization.
3-43
divestitures Spin - offs
Strategy whereby a firm sells Strategy setting up one or more
one or more of its business corporate units as new
units, to focus more specifically independent corporation ,
on its core businesses. because it deems a business
It will sell of unrelated or unit more valuable as a
underperforming businesses. separate company.
3-44
Employee stock ownership plans:
Allows employees to own a significant share of
the corporation through trust established on
their behalf.
3-45
Institutional ownership:
Most individual investor do not own enough
stock to exert influence on corporate
managers.
In recent years, more stock has been purchased
by Institutional ownership, because they
control enormous resources.
3-46
Applying What You’ve Learned
1. Define small business, discuss its importance to the U.S.
economy, and explain popular areas of small business.
2. Explain entrepreneurship and describe some key
characteristics of entrepreneurial personalities and
activities.
3. Describe the business plan and the start-up decisions
made by small businesses and identify sources of
financial aid available to such enterprises.
4. Discuss the trends in small business start-ups and
identify the main reasons for success and failure among
small businesses.
3-47
Applying What You’ve Learned
5. Explain sole proprietorships, partnerships, and

cooperatives and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each.
6. Describe corporations, discuss their advantages and
disadvantages, and identify different kinds of
corporations; explain the basic issues involved in
managing a corporation and discuss special issues
related to corporate ownership.
3-48
3-49
49

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Entrepreneurship, Business Essentials

New Ventures, and 9e

1. Define small business, discuss its importance to the U.S.

5. Explain sole proprietorships, partnerships, and

Contributions to big business

Small businesses have accounted for about 40

Setting Goals and Objectives

1. What are the entrepreneur’s goals and

Who and where are my customers?

Venture Capital Company

1. Managerial incompetence or inexperience

1. Hard work, drive, and dedication

Combine the freedom of sole proprietorships

Stockholder (or Shareholder)

Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances

Employee Stock Ownership Plans

Mergers, Acquisitions, Divestitures, and Spin-Offs

5. Explain sole proprietorships, partnerships, and

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