Biomechanics of Bones: Warsaw University of Technology
Biomechanics of Bones: Warsaw University of Technology
Biomechanics of Bones: Warsaw University of Technology
BIOMECHANICS OF BONES
Farhod Turaev Warsaw University of Technology
Contents
2
Introduction
The Skeleton System
Types of the Bones
Composition of Bones
Functions of Bones
Bone Biomechanics
Introduction
3
4 basic shapes:
Long bones (femur)
Types of the Bones
6
4 basic shapes:
Short bones (wrist, ankle)
Types of the Bones
7
4 basic shapes:
Flat bones (skull, scapula)
Types of the Bones
8
4 basic shapes:
Irregular bones (vertebrae)
Composition of Bones
9
Functions of Bones
10
Mechanical properties of bone
11
Relatively hard;
Lightweight;
Composite material;
high compressive strength of about
170 MPa (1800 kgf/cm²);
poor tensile strength of 104–121 MPa;
very low shear stress strength (51.6 MPa).
Basic Biomechanics
Force
Slope Stiffness =
Force/Displacement
Displacement
Basic Biomechanics
Force
Area L
Stress =
Force/Area
Elastic Modulus =
Stress/Strain
Strain =
Change in Length/Original Length (L/ L0)
Basic Biomechanics
Plastic Deformation
Energy Force
Energy
Absorbed
Displacement
Basic Biomechanics
Elastic Plastic
Failure
• Stiffness-Flexibility Yield
• Yield Point
Force
• Failure Point
• Brittle-Ductile
Stiffness
• Toughness-Weakness
Displacement
Flexible
Brittle Flexible
Strong Ductile
Tough
Strong
Flexible Flexible
Stress Brittle Ductile
Weak Weak
Strain
Basic Biomechanics
Anisotropic Viscoelastic
Mechanical properties Stress-Straincharacter
dependent upon dependent upon rate
direction of loading of applied strain (time
dependent).
Bone Biomechanics
Bone Density
Subtle density
Cortical Bone
changes greatly
changes strength and
elastic modulus Trabecular Bone
Density changes
Normal aging
Disease
Use
Figure from: Browner et al: Skeletal Trauma
Disuse 2nd Ed. Saunders, 1998.
Basic Biomechanics
Bending
Axial
Loading
Tension
Compression
Torsion
Figure from: Browner et al: Skeletal Trauma 2nd Ed, Saunders, 1998.
Fracture Mechanics
Bending load:
Compression strength
greater than
tensile strength
Fails in tension
Torsion
The diagonal in the direction of the applied force is in
tension – cracks perpendicular to this tension diagonal
Spiral fracture 45º to the long axis
Combined bending
& axial load
Oblique fracture
Butterfly fragment
• Stress-Strain-Strength properties;
• Elastic Deformation Analyses;
• Plastic Deformation Analyses;
• Hardness of the parts;
• Resistance of bones.
THANKS !!!
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