Binary Number Systems

Bit (Binary Digit)

1 Bit
1,0
1 Nibble
4 Bit
1 Byte
8 Bit or 2 Nibble
1 Kilo Byte
1024 Byte
1 Mega Byte
1024 Kilo Byte
1 Giga Byte
1024 Mega Byte
1 Tera Byte
1024 Giga Byte
1 Peta Byte
1024 Tera Byte
1 Exa Byte
1024 Peta Byte
1 Zotta Byte
1024 Exa Byte
1 Yotta Byte 1024 Zetta Byte
Binary Number Systems
The 4 number systems are:
• Binary [ 2 ]
• Uses 2 symbols: the digits 0 and 1.
• Some numbers in this system: 0, 000, 1010.
• Decimal [ 10 ]
• Uses 10 symbols: the digits 0, 1, 2, … ,9.
• Some numbers in this system: 111, 0, 1010.
• Octal [ 8 ]
• Uses 8 symbols: the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
• Hexadecimal [ 16 ]
• Uses 16 symbols: 0, 1, 2, …., 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
Common Number Systems
Used by Used in Bit
System Base Symbols humans? computers? Representation
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No 2 Bit
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes -
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No 3 Bit
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9, No No 4 Bit
decimal A, B, … F
Quantities/Counting

Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal

0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Quantities/Counting

Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal

8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Quantities/Counting

Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal

16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17
Significant Digits
Conversion Among Bases

• The possibilities:
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Quick Example

2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
Binary to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Decimal

• Technique
n
• Multiply each bit by 2 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Example
Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Binary to Octal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal

• Technique
• Group bits in threes, starting on right
• Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Group bits in fours, starting on right
• Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16
10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary

• Technique
• Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
• First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
• Second remainder is bit 1
Example 2 125
2 62 1

2 31 0
15 1
2
7 1
2
12510 = ?2 3 1
2
2 1 1
0 1 12510 = 11111012
Decimal to Octal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal

• Technique
• Divide by 8
• Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8
8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2
123410 = 23228
Decimal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Divide by 16
• Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16
16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4
123410 = 4D216
Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal

• Technique
n
• Multiply each bit by 8 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Octal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary

• Technique
• Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary representation
Example

7058 = ?2
7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Octal to Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Hexadecimal

• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary
Example
10768 = ?16
1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Decimal

• Technique
n
• Multiply each bit by 16 , where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12

B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Hexadecimal to Binary
Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary

• Technique
• Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent binary representation
Example

10AF16 = ?2
1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Hexadecimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Octal

• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary
Example
1 F 0 C
1F0C16 = ?8

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

1F0C16 = 174148
Substitution Code
Shortcut Method for Binary to Hexa

• Convert 0101011010101110011010102 to hex using the 4‐bit

substitution code :
Substitution Code/
Shortcut Method for Binary to Octal

• Substitution code can also be used to convert binary to octal by

using 3‐bit groupings:
 Assignment Exercise
Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal

33
1110101
703
1AF
Binary fractions to decimal number conversion

• binary fractions to decimal number conversion

Convert ( 101.101 )2= ( ? )10
Binary fractions to decimal number conversion

Convert ( 0.0001 )2= ( ? )10

Convert ( 101010.1111 )2= ( ? )10

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