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ICT Lecture 4

The document discusses different number systems used in computing including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting between these number systems using techniques such as weighting place values and dividing/multiplying by the base. Conversions include decimal to binary, binary to decimal, decimal to octal, octal to decimal, decimal to hexadecimal, and hexadecimal to decimal. Grouping bits is discussed as a technique for conversions between binary and octal or hexadecimal.

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Muhammad Umar
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30 views36 pages

ICT Lecture 4

The document discusses different number systems used in computing including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting between these number systems using techniques such as weighting place values and dividing/multiplying by the base. Conversions include decimal to binary, binary to decimal, decimal to octal, octal to decimal, decimal to hexadecimal, and hexadecimal to decimal. Grouping bits is discussed as a technique for conversions between binary and octal or hexadecimal.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Umar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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Applications of Information and

Communication Technologies
Lecture 4
Presented by
Dr. Muhammad Umar Javed
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science 1
Introduction
A set of values used to represent different quantities
For example, students_number can be used to represent the
number of students in the class
Digital computer represents all kinds of data and information in
binary numbers
Includes audio, graphics, video, text and numbers
Total number of digits used in the number system is called its base
Number Systems
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Decimal number system is used in general
Computers used binary number system
Octal and hexadecimal number systems are also used in computer
systems
Number Systems
Number System Base Symbol
Binary 2 B
Octal 8 O
Decimal 10 D
Hexadecimal 6 H
Conversions
Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Conversions
Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Conversions
Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17
Conversions
Conversions
2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916

Base
Conversions
Weight

12510 => 5 x 100 = 5


2 x 101 = 20
1 x 102 = 100
125

Base
Binary to Decimal
Binary to Decimal
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Binary to Decimal
1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
• Technique
Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
Second remainder is bit 1
Decimal to Binary
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1 12510 = 11111012
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1
Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexa-decimal
Octal to Decimal
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Octal to Decimal
7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448

46810
Decimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
• Technique
• Divide by 8
• Keep track of the remainder
Decimal to Octal
123410 = ?8
8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2
123410 = 23228
Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Hexadecimal to Decimal

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12


B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
• Divide by 16
• Keep track of the remainder
Decimal to Hexadecimal
123410 = ?16
16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4
123410 = 4D216
Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
• Technique
• Group bits in threes, starting on right
• Convert to octal digits
Binary to Octal
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7
10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
• Group bits in fours, starting on right
• Convert to hexadecimal digits
Binary to Hexadecimal

10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B
10101110112 = 2BB16
36

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