Casing Design Workshop

Running & Landing Casing
Casing Design Workshop

Chapter 8 Outline
 Handling Casing
• Transport to Location
• On Location
• Communicate Design to Rig Supervisor
• Pipe Measurements
Outline Cont.
 Running Casing
• Getting Pipe to Rig Floor
• Stabbing
• Filling Casing
• Makeup Torque
• Thread Locking
• Casing Handling Tools
• Getting Casing to Bottom
• Crossover Joints
Outline Cont.
 Landing Practices
• Freeze Point
• Maximum Hanging Weight
 Wellhead Equipment for Casing
Video Links for Cementing Casing & Centralizers
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Er7LhSBeKs
• Cementing Offshore Drilling
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cn64fLc-KEE
• Casing Centralizer Placement
Video Link for Running Casing
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXgUKXFsJ_I
• Running Casing Animation
Transport to Location
 Prevent damage
• Thread protectors
• Stripping
• Secured with straps
• Protection from environment
• Unloading procedures
• Stripping on pipe racks
 Loading and unloading sequence
• Get it correct
On Location
 Minimum movement or relocation

 Drift for internal diameter & obstructions
 Remove thread protectors and clean threads and protectors
 Visually inspect threads
 Lubricate threads with proper lubricant (especially offshore)
 Reinstall protectors (depending on handling facilities and
methods)
 Do not set equipment on casing on pipe racks
Moving Casing to Rig Floor
 Use safe handling methods

 If thread protectors not reinstalled
• Use rubber clamp-on protectors on pin
• Do not use hooks in pipe ends
 Do not allow casing to slide out of V-door
 Pin must be protected at all times
Pipe Measurements
 Who is responsible for accurate casing measurements

• Company representative ! Always!
• Not the responsibility of the rig crew !
 Joints should be numbered (paint marker)
 Talley book should be orderly, neat, and systematic so errors are
easily spotted
 Double check the addition !
Cross-over Joints
 Check all cross-over joints

• Correct threads
• Measure and mark with identification
• Proprietary threads cut by licensed machine shop or manufacturer
• Check the grade of the tube
 Isolate to separate area or place in string in proper position
 Always have redundant cross-over joints on location
ST&C to LT&C
 ST&C pin will make up in LT&C coupling

 LT&C pin will not make up into an ST&C coupling
 Use a dedicated cross-over joint
 LT&C coupling as a cross-over ?
• Avoid if possible
• ST&C coupling often difficult to remove
• May damage pin when removing ST&C coupling
Stabbing Casing
 Stabbing board
• Stable
• Properly positioned
 Stabbing arm
 Guide on bottom of elevator to
prevent damage
 Wind can cause stabbing
problems
 Do not rush the stabbing
procedure
 Some proprietary connections
require stabbing guides
Filling Casing
 Fill casing as it is run

 Verify fill visually
 Large diameter pipe requires large capacity fill line
 Self-fill and differential-fill float equipment
• Can allow cuttings and other objects in casing and plug float
equipment
• Avoid when possible, and never use in unconsolidated formation
environments
Make-up Torque
 Determine proper makeup torque for connections

 Rig casing tong line at 90°to tong arm for proper torque reading
 Use only approved thread lubricants on clean threads
 Proper number of turns can also be measured
Thread Lubricant
 Apply to box, not pin

 Do not use DP or DC dope
 Standard is API Modified
 Proprietary threads – check manufacturer
 Environmental Considerations
• Special formulations available
• Some threads specially coated for self lube
 Friction factor – specified relative to API Mod, adjust make-up
torque accordingly
Thread Locking
 Prevents back-off of lower joints during drill-out of float equipment

 Polymer compound
• Used on bottom joints & float equipment
• Inexpensive and easy to use
 Lock mill end of connections?
 In the event casing has to be pulled before reaching bottom?
 Welding? (never on N80 or higher grade!)
Casing Handling Tools
 Spider
• Sets on rig floor
• Slip type (integral or manual removable)
• Wrap-around (must open for each joint)
 Elevator
• Attached to traveling block bails
• Slip type (always integral)
• Wrap-around type (must open for each joint)
Manual Casing Slips
For first few joints only !

Wrap-around Spider
Wrap-around Spider
500 Ton Elevator
1000 Ton Elevator
More Elevators
Internal Grip
350 ton
1000 Ton Spider
Compact Spiders
Compact Spider
Precautions
 High capacity tools open very easily with light casing load
 Care must be taken to prevent accidental opening
 Some air systems prevent opening if the other component is
already open
 Good practice:
• start string in hole with low capacity tools
• switch to high capacity once there is sufficient casing weight to
prevent accidental opening
Getting to Bottom
 If casing stops before reaching bottom

• Circulate? Will that cause differential sticking?
• Pull out and lay down casing?
• Thread damage when pulling out?
• Locked threads?
 Have a contingency plan before starting in hole
 If casing stops close to bottom ?
• check pipe measurements
Highly Deviated Wells
 Pipe beyond a critical crit  70

inclination point (70°)
must be pushed in hole
 Friction calculations are
essential before running
force required
pipe
 Hook load decreases as
casing nears bottom
Reducing Friction
 Increase Lubricity (reduce m )

• Oil muds
• Special additives
– Plastic beads
Ffric   N
– Calcium carbonate
– Graphite
– Etc.
 Reduce Contact Force (reduce N )
• Lighter casing below critical angle
• Good centralizers
• Float portion of casing (ERD wells)
Pressure Containment
 Annular BOP
• OK for some very low pressure applications
• Not sufficient for most applications
 Install proper size rams
 Test rams !
BOP Rams Must Fit Casing !
Landing Practices (Slip-type Hangers)
 How much string weight should be applied to casing hanger?

• No standard practice
• Probably as many practices as there are companies
 Considerations:
• Prevent buckling above freeze point to reduce casing wear
• Prevent buckling in un-cemented areas; can cause failure
Freeze Point ?
 A point at which the pipe is fixed down hole
 Usually taken to be the top of cement
 Actual freeze point is never known

Neutral Point ?
 The point at which the “effective” axial load goes from tension to
compression
 Not known, can be estimated from calculations
 This is not the same point as the neutral point as defined on the
true axial loads which has no meaning for buckling
Common Landing Practices
 Same load on hanger as hook load

 Tension in all casing above freeze point
 Neutral point at the freeze point
 Some percentage of hook load on hanger (e.g. 80%, 75% etc.)
Why?
• Hanging weight sometimes reduced to avoid too much compression
load on top of conductor/surface pipe.
• No choices for mandrel type hangers
Slip Type Hangers
Maximum Hanging Weight
 Weight of the casing on slip type hangers causes radial

compressive stress on the casing: verify that the hanging weight
will not cause the casing to collapse.
W
ph  k s
Aslips tan 
 Longer slip elements may be necessary
Maximum Hanging Weight
 Safety factor? 2.0?

 Taper of slip segment is measured from vertical
 Compare result to the biaxial collapse rating of the casing
 See example in Chapter 8
Example (Chapter 8)
 From our continuing example the 7” production casing has the

following data:
• Buoyed casing string weight at surface: 340,000 lb
• Type of 7” casing at surface: 29 lb/ft, P-110, Collapse rating: 7625
psi
• Hanger taper: 25° Hanger slip length: 10 in.
• Using a safety factor of 2.0, determine if the entire buoyed weight of
the string can be hung on a hanger
• The biaxial collapse rating of the casing with 340,000 lb tension is
calculated from the formulas of the previous chapter and is: 8090 psi
W 340,000
phngr  k s  2.0 6631 psi
Aslips tan   7( 10 )tan 25
Wellhead Equipment
 Casing Heads
• Slip-on Weld
• Threaded
 Casing Spools
 Casing Hangers
• Slip type
• Mandrel type
 Precautions
Video Clip on Wellhead Equipment
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khqqMzbg8xk&list=PLViEMM
m4R8k6BC5YjWvEw9tHbivtMS5MD&index=19
• Well Completion : Casing Head
Optional:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9eWHpEDRME
Wellhead instillation.wmv
Casing Head – Slip-on Weld
 Conductor is cut off, surface

casing is cut off and head
welded to surface casing
 Most popular
 Requires cutting & welding
 May include a base plate to
weld to conductor instead of
surface casing
Casing Head - Threaded
 Landing joint & coupling

removed and head threaded
onto pipe
 Coupling spacing critical
 Coupling removal problems
 Requires cement to surface
 Possible slumping problem
with poor cement
Casing Spool
 For additional strings of

casing
 Spool body pressure rating
and lower flange are
compatible to the casing
string below the spool
 Upper flange is rated to be
compatible with casing string
that will hang in the spool
Casing Hanger – Slip Type
 Installed on casing
above head and
slipped into bowl
 Often requires BOP
removal
 Allows adjustment of
hanging tension
 Requires cutting casing
Dangers of Slip Type Hangers
Casing Hanger – Mandrel Type
 Threads onto casing and landing joint and lowered into head prior
to cementing
 Simple, no moving parts
 Cannot adjust landing tension
 Reciprocate during cementing? NO!
 One-piece types (surface applications only)
• Circulate cementing returns through casing head side outlet
 Fluted types (subsea applications)
• Pack-off and locking device must be installed before hanger is in
safe mode
Two-Piece Mandrel Type
 Attached to casing
 Run on landing joint w/run tool
 Usually fluted with separate
pack-off for cementing
 Mandrel type (fluted) is only
choice for subsea
Precautions
 Valves required on side outlets

 Pressure gage required on each head or spool
 Maximum service pressure (MSP) and test pressure
• Never use the test pressure for selection
• Use only MSP in selection
Running and Landing Practices
 Running casing is intense and non-stop

• Correct measurements are crucial
• Install and test proper BOP rams
• Assume that operations cannot stop once begun
– Everything ready and functioning before start
– Have contingency plans
 Precautions for slip-type hangers
• Set hanger without removing BOP if possible
• Allow adequate cement setting time before removing BOP
• Check for any flow before removing BOP
• Never assume a slight flow is heat expansion

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Running & Landing Casing

Casing Design Workshop

 Minimum movement or relocation

 Use safe handling methods

 Who is responsible for accurate casing measurements

 Check all cross-over joints

 ST&C pin will make up in LT&C coupling

 Fill casing as it is run

 Determine proper makeup torque for connections

 Apply to box, not pin

 Prevents back-off of lower joints during drill-out of float equipment

For first few joints only !

 If casing stops before reaching bottom

 Pipe beyond a critical crit  70

 Increase Lubricity (reduce m )

 How much string weight should be applied to casing hanger?

 A point at which the pipe is fixed down hole

 Usually taken to be the top of cement

 Actual freeze point is never known

 Not known, can be estimated from calculations

 Same load on hanger as hook load

 Weight of the casing on slip type hangers causes radial

 Safety factor? 2.0?

 From our continuing example the 7” production casing has the

 Conductor is cut off, surface

 Landing joint & coupling

 For additional strings of

 Valves required on side outlets

 Running casing is intense and non-stop

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