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    ASHLEY ICT (2) B

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    Ashley Varghese
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the basic structural unit of the nervous system as the neuron, and identifies its main parts as the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminals. It explains that neurons transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses. The document also provides an overview of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses reflex actions and the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In closing, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining nervous system health.

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    ASHLEY ICT (2) B

    Uploaded by

    Ashley Varghese
    12 views24 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the basic structural unit of the nervous system as the neuron, and identifies its main parts as the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminals. It explains that neurons transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses. The document also provides an overview of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses reflex actions and the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In closing, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining nervous system health.

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    ASHLEY ICT (2) b

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    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the basic structural unit of the nervous system as the neuron, and identifies its main parts as the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminals. It explains that neurons transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses. The document also provides an overview of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses reflex actions and the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In closing, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining nervous system health.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views24 pages

    ASHLEY ICT (2) B

    Uploaded by

    Ashley Varghese
    The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system. It describes the basic structural unit of the nervous system as the neuron, and identifies its main parts as the cell body, dendrites, axon, and terminals. It explains that neurons transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses. The document also provides an overview of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses reflex actions and the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In closing, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining nervous system health.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    EDU 107.

    ASHLEY VARGHESE
    NATURAL SCIENCE
    ROLL.NO. 26
    CHAPTER 1
    neuron
    Structural and functional unit of nervous
    system

    Common parts of neuron


    cell

    Cell
    Cytoplasm nucleus
    membrane
     Covering of most of the
    axons
     Membrane made of lipid
     So myelinated axon white
    in colour,
    non-myelinated axon grey
    in colour
    Schwann cells- a part of nerve
    Formation tissue repeatedly encircle the axon
    to form the myelin sheath
    Provide nutrient &
    oxygen to axon
    Accelerates impulses
    Act as an electric insulator
    Protect axon from external
    shock
    •Control &
    coordination
    occurs through
    nerve impulses. •Stimulus evokes impulses by
    •Impulses are changing charges in the polarity
    electrical of plasma membrane of receptors
    messages.
    The difference in the distribution of ions helps to
    maintain +ve charge on the outer surface –ve charge
    inside the plasma membrane of neuron.

    When stimulus stimulates the receptor changes its


    polarity thus impulse is formed &transmitted to brain&
    its response occurs on the effector .
    SYNAPSE
    Nerves

     Nerves are groups of axons or


    nerve fibers.
     They are covered by connective
    tissue.

    Cross section of nerve


    Classification of nerves
    Based On Function
    Nervous System
    •The nervous system consists of two parts
    the central nervous system
    the peripheral nervous system
    • The central nervous system consists of brain and the spinal
    cord.
    •The peripheral nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial
    nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
    Brain
    Centre of the Nervous System
     The brain contains the greatest number of
    neurons in the nervous system.
     The brain is protected inside a hard skull.
     It is covered by the meninges, a three -
    layered membrane.
     The cerebrospinal fluid is filled within the
    inner membranes of meninges and the
    ventricles of the brain.
     The cerebrospinal fluid formed from blood
    is reabsorbed into the blood.
     The functions of the cerebrospinal fluid are
    to provide nutrients and oxygen to the
    tissues of the brain, regulate the pressure
    inside the brain and to protect the brain
    from injuries.
     The spinal cord is the continuation of the medulla
    oblongata.
     The spinal cord is protected inside the vertebral
    column.
     covered by meninges
     In the spinal cord, white matter is seen outside
    and grey matter is seen inside.
     The central canal seen in the centre of the spinal
    cord is also filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
     The spinal cord is connected to different parts of Spinal Cord
    the body through 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Each
    spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord by a
    dorsal root and a ventral root.
     Sensory impulses reach the spinal cord through the dorsal
    root.
     Motor impulses go out of the spinal cord through the
    ventral root.
     Impulses from different parts of the body are transmitted
    to the brain through the spinal cord.
     The spinal cord coordinates the rapid and repeated
    movements during walking, running etc.

    Cross section of spinal cord


    Reflex action
     The accidental and involuntary
    responses towards stimuli are
    called reflex actions.
     Reflex arc is the pathway of
    impulses in the reflex action.
    Mainly spinal cord acts as the
    centre of reflex action.
     But all reflexes are not under the
    control of the spinal cord.
     A reflex under the control of the
    cerebrum is called cerebral reflex.
     Activities that take place beyond the conscious level are
    controlled by the autonomous nervous system, a part of
    the peripheral nervous system. The endocrine system is
    also associated with the nervous system for performing
    this function. The autonomous nervous system contains,
    the sympathetic system
    the parasympathetic system
    Action of sympathetic and
    parasympathetic system
    Diseases affecting the nervous system
    The nervous system helps us to experience various
    stimuli as well as to respond towards them. We can
    detect the changes that take place in our external
    and internal environment and respond to it
    accordingly. The control and coordination of different
    organ systems in organisms is made possible by the
    combined actions of the nervous system and the
    endocrine system. Proper care should be taken to
    maintain the health of these organ systems.
    1. The part of the brain which helps to maintain body balance.
    a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum c) Medulla oblongata d) Thalamus
    2. Identify the relation and fill in the blank.
    Irregular flow of charge in the brain : Epilepsy, Decreased production of dopamine
    : -----------
    3. Analyse the following instances and answer the questions.
    • a thorn accidentally pierces the foot. • the leg is withdrawn. • the thorn is
    taken out slowly.
    a) Write the stimuli and responses.
    b) Which is the conscious response?
    c) Was the leg withdrawn after sensing the pain? Which
    action took place there? Prepare an illustration showing
    the parts through which the impulses transmitted.
    1.b)cerebellum
    2.Parkinson’s disease ANSWERS
    3.a) Stimulus-a thorn
    accidentally pierces the
    foot
    Response- the leg is
    withdrawn
    b) The thorn is taken
    out slowly
    c) Yes. Reflex action

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