Chemistry Is The Science That Describes Matter (A Study of Matter)

What is CHEMISTRY?
Chemistry is the
science that describes
matter (a study of
matter)
Matter: compositions,
properties, changes
Changes: accompanied
energy
The earth is made
of matters
MATTER
The earth is
made of matters
Ocean
Matters are comprised
of tiny things. They are
called atoms and
molecules Gold Water
Microscopic level Macroscopic level

Copper
Macroscopic level
observable properties and
events of large visible
objects
Microscopic level
result from changes at a
much smaller (atomic) level
not visible by the
naked eye
Next
lecture Atoms and Molecules
Molecule: a combination of two or more
atoms held together.
Atom: fundamental unit (smallest part)
of a chemical substance.
Next
Molecule
Next
Atom Molecule
MATTER, MASS & ENERGY
Matter is anything that has mass and

occupies space.
Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter

in a sample of any material.
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work

or to transfer heat
ENERGY: form of energy
ENERGY
2 principle types of energy
• Due to its AN
• Due to its
motion: OBJECT position,
Kinetic energy condition, or
composition:
A boulder Potential
Kinetic energy rock
represents the energy
ability to do
work directly
Total energy = kinetic + potential

LAWS OF CONSERVATION
• The Law of Conservation of Mass: the mass of
substances in a closed system will remain constant,
regardless of what processes are acting inside the
system
Or Total mass of substances does not change during

a chemical reaction
• The Law of Conservation of Energy : the total

energy of an isolated object (or a system of
objects) is constant.
Energy is neither created nor destroyed – only

converted from one form to another
• States of Matters
• Properties of Matters
• Changes of Matters
STATES OF MATTER: 4 states
3 common states of matter
SOLID LIQUID GAS

STATES OF MATTER = PHASES OF MATTER
• Substances • A liquid flows and • Gases are much
are rigid and assumes the shape less dense than
have definite of its container up liquids and solids
shapes to its volume
• The molecules • The molecules: • The molecules

maintain a close to each are widely
regular other but no separated
structure regular structure



Practice: how
many states of
matter can you
see in this
picture?
Water can exist

as:
Solid (ice and
snow)
Liquid
Gas (steam)
The 4th state
of matter:
PLASMA
Plasma: Oxford
Definition
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Physical : characteristics of matter that can be

observed without changing its chemical identity (e.g.,
mass, density, colour, physical state, etc.)
• Chemical : characteristics of matter related

to its chemical change (e.g., hydrogen is a flammable gas
that burns in the presence of O2 to produce H2O)
A substance is identified by its own set of physical and

chemical properties
CHANGES OF MATTERS
A matter/ substance can change?
2 types of changes:
Physical change
Chemical change
Physical change ? Or Chemical change ?
Water (liquid) water (gas)
Physical change: changes in the
physical form of matter, but not in
its chemical identity
Form, colour, hardness

Melting point, boiling point
Density
Mass
Electrical and thermal Conductivity
Physical change ? Or Chemical change ?
Water (liquid) + Sodium (Na)
Water: Chemical change: changes in the

liquid chemical identity of matter
(1) one or more substances

are used up (at least partially),
Na (sodium): (2) one or more new substances

solid are formed,
(3) energy is absorbed or

released.
What will happen?

• Substance
• Element and Compound
• Mixture
SEAWATER + SAND
Substance:
• A substance cannot be further
broken down or purified by
physical means.
mixture
• Each substance has its own
characteristic properties that are
Remove sand different from the set of
by filtration properties of any other substance.
Separate
salt and
water
Salt
Water
ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS
Both Elements and Compounds are SUBSTANCES
Element Compound
• cannot be decomposed • can be decomposed into
into simpler simpler substances
substances
• contains many atoms • contains many molecules
• made up of ONLY 1 • 2 or more elements
type of atom combine to form a
chemical compound. (2 or
more types of atom)
Find some pure elements can be
found in nature? Textbook or
internet?
atoms molecules
Element: COPPER Compound: WATER (H2O)

element element
Electrolysis compound
• Substance
• Element
• Compound
• MIXTURE?
MIXTURE
• Is a sample of matter
• Composed of 2 or more substances
• Have varying compositions
MIXTURE or COMPOUND?
Are they mixtures? YES
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Heterogenous
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
• Have only 1 phase • Have more than 1
• Same properties phase
throughout a sample • Do not have same
properties throughout
a sample
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
• Have only 1 phase • Have more than 1
• Same properties phase
throughout a sample • Do not have same
properties throughout
a sample
Are they mixtures? YES
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Heterogenous
All materials
Mixtures Substances
Homogeneous Heterogeneous Compounds Elements

Chemistry Is The Science That Describes Matter (A Study of Matter)

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What is CHEMISTRY?

Microscopic level Macroscopic level

Matter is anything that has mass and

Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work

Total energy = kinetic + potential

Or Total mass of substances does not change during

• The Law of Conservation of Energy : the total

Energy is neither created nor destroyed – only

SOLID LIQUID GAS

• The molecules • The molecules: • The molecules

• The molecules • The molecules: • The molecules

• The molecules • The molecules: • The molecules

• The molecules • The molecules: • The molecules

Water can exist

• Physical : characteristics of matter that can be

• Chemical : characteristics of matter related

A substance is identified by its own set of physical and

A matter/ substance can change?

Form, colour, hardness

Water: Chemical change: changes in the

(1) one or more substances

Na (sodium): (2) one or more new substances

(3) energy is absorbed or

What will happen?

• Element and Compound

Element: COPPER Compound: WATER (H2O)

Homogeneous Heterogeneous Compounds Elements

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