SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOAL 6

CLEAN WATER
AND
SANITATION
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 14
MEMBERS: NG SIEW MIN (1601792)
WOO HUI SAN (1604824)
WOON XUET WEI (1605349)
SHIRLEY LEE SZE YING (1602797)
NG EN CI (1603452)
FIRST INITIATIVE
Applied in Singapore
WHY?
1 2 3
High water demand in
Singapore is a Water- Singapore and Singapore wish to
stressed country predicted increase create independently
gradually

(PUB, n.d)
FOUR NATIONAL TAPS

(I) Import water from Malaysia

(II) Water from local catchments
(III) NEWater Initiative
(IV)Seawater desalination.

(PUB, n.d)
(ii) WATER CATCHMENT

Marina channel Reservoir (PUB, n.d)

Since 2011, the water catchment area has increased to two-thirds of

Singapore’s land surface to maximise the collection of water (LCNA:
Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore, n.d.)
 (iii) NEWater
2

1 3
-Able to meet 40% of national water demand
-With its 3-step treatment the NEWater Technology fulfils the standards of the
World Health Organisation
-Singapore now has 5 NEWater plants. (PUB, n.d)
(iv) SEAWATER
DESALINATION

-Generates 25% of the drinking water in

Singapore nowadays and is supposed to cover
30% in 2060.
-This process is using reserve osmosis and flash
evaporation to separate the salt from water
-There are currently 3 seawater desalination
plants in Singapore.
(LCNA: Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore, n.d)
SECOND INITIATIVE
Applied in India
WHY?
1 2 3
India has 1.37 billion Poor sanitation and waste 40% of population practices
population and is the management in India open-defecation, causing
second most populated diarrhoea-related deaths in
country in the world children under five

(“Partnership for Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH): India”, 2019)

 5-Years “Swachh Bharat Mission”
(Clean and Open Defecation-Free India)
in October 2014

Some of the objectives in this programme to achieve SDG-6 are:

 Eradication of open defecation

 Construction of sanitary toilets
 Public solid waste management and cleaning of streets
 Instil behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices
 Eliminating manual scavenging
 Constructing drains, and liquid waste disposal units

(“SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation”, 2019)

 Providing Sanitation Facilities for
Every Rural Family by 2019
 Community toilets were built in residential areas.
 Public toilets were constructed in selected spots such as tourist places,
and markets. (Save the Children India, 2018)
 Subsidies to construct toilets at house were offered to lower class
social groups.
 The government monitored the continual use of toilets through
surveys and social audits.
 Construct sanitary structures for women in villages where there is
no space for proper sanitation at homes. (Nagaraj, 2019)
Other Proactive Actions under
“Swachh Bharat Mission”
Government employed social
messaging to trigger behaviour change
in people, such as promoting good hand
washing habits.

Water and Sanitation (WASH)

implementations were improved in
schools and in health centres by
establishing clean water kiosks.

Creating sanitation, dignity and also

privacy by providing separate toilets
for boys and girls in all government
schools.
(Patwa, J. and Pandit, N., 2018)
Achievements in “Swachh Bharat Mission”

 Overall access of households to clean water sources raised from 68% in 1992-93 to
89.9% in 2015-16.
 There were 9.2 crore (ten million) toilets built in rural areas.
 In 2017-18, 77% rural households had access to toilets, of which 93.4% used them
regularly.
 By October 2018, 60 lakh (hundred thousand) household toilets and 4 lakh community
toilets were constructed in urban areas.
 There were 28 states declared as Open Defecation Free (ODF) based on toilet
construction.
(Johari, 2019)
THIRD INITIATIVE
Applied in Australia
WHY?
1 2 3
Australia being the Extensive arid areas Severity of Millennium
world’s driest inhabited and highly variable Drought combined with
continent climate population growth

(The Millennium Drought in southeast Australia (2001–2009), 2013)

 SEQ Water Security
Program (WSP)
South East Queensland (SEQ) in Australia commences
WSP in 2016 which aims for supplying 30 years of clean
drinking water.
The objectives of the program:
• Plan for water security
• Plan for resilience of water in conjunction with the
extreme climate change
• Delivering on SDGs 6, 9, 11, 13, 17

(Sustainable Development Goals Australia, n.d.)

 Seqwater’s Water Grid
 Seqwater aimed to deliver safe, secure and cost-effective water supply.
 Hence, interconnected water grid was built to improve the resilience. (includes
dams and weirs, conventional water treatment plants and the climate-resilient water sources of the
Gold Coast Desalination Plant and Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme)

Without interconnectedness of
water grid, only supply about
355,000 million litres of water a
year.

Operation of Seqwater’s Water Grid:

 In an emergency and during drought conditions - maximize resilience by
operating climate-resilient water sources and using the grid to move water
around the region.
 Drinking water is usually sourced and treated locally to minimize cost.
 The grid helps in delay the need for additional water supply infrastructure.
 SEQ Catchment Land

 Catchment lands (~ 1.2 million

hectares) was built and designed for
catchment of better quality and
higher quantity of water.
 Most of the water comes from rainfall
run-off flowing into creeks, rivers and
our dams.
 About 70% of SEQ land is for
drinking water catchment.
 The condition of the catchment
impacts water quantity, water quality
and the cost of water treatment.
 Treatment plants were designed to
manage the risks of open catchments.

<https://sdgs.org.au/project/south-east-queenslands-water-security-program/>
FOURTH INITIATIVE
Applied in Uganda
WHY?
1 2 3
Natural freshwater is Up to 4500 children 2.5 million people are
unequally distributed death annually due to still practising open
throughout the country unsafe water defecation

(Lifewater, 2018)
Ugandan Water Project
(UWP)
Ugandan Water Project is a non-profit humanitarian organisation
providing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene projects and other
catalyst resources to communities in Uganda (GuideStar, n.d.).
The objectives in this project are:
 Implement immediate, cost-effective, and tangible
relational water solutions
 Provide sponsored clean water solutions
 Eradicate impact of poor access to water and
sanitation to people’s lives
 Rainwater Collection Systems
 Attach a 10,000 litres polyethylene tank placed on a cement base with a
gutter system to existing metal roof, lasting around 30 years
 Uganda has an average of 80 inches of rainfall a year, thus rainwater
harvesting can be a primary source of clean water

(Ugandan Water Project, n.d.)

 Borehole Well Rehabilitation
 A simple hand pump well ranging from 30 to 250 ft deep
 Borehole consists of many moving parts which causes a lot of stress
 Regular maintenance is needed
 Local water technicians work together with skilled well repair crew and form
Water Committees
 Two-part process fixes the broken water source as well as the problem that
causes the breakage at the first place

(Ugandan Water Project, n.d.)

 Sawyer Point One Filters
 Sawyer’s hollow fibre membrane filters are paired with rainwater collection
systems to achieve water purification
 Can either be used by attaching filters to the tap or as a standalone system
 Fibre composition delivers exactly 0.1 & 0.02 micron filtration to ensure no
bacteria passes through
 U-shaped microtubes allow water to enter through minuscule micro-pores to
trap contaminants
 Lasts up to 10 years and filter as many as 1,000,000 gallons of water

(Ugandan Water Project, n.d.)

FIFTH INITIATIVE
Applied in Ghana
WHY?
1 2 3
6 Million of
Ghanaian rely on More than 50% people in the 24% of them spend over
north don’t have safe 30 minutes to access to
surface water better water
drinking water

(Programme, 2019) & (Courtesy, 2019)

Adaptation Fund Project
Project ID: GHA/MIE/Water/2012/1

Approval Date: 5th of March 2015

Start date: 23rd of May 2016
Duration: 4 Years
The Objective of Adaptation Fund project are:
I. Adapt climate changes
II. Improve water management
III. Promotes sustainable and diverse livelihoods

(Fund, 2019)
 Construct & Rehabilitate
Small Dams
• Restore existing dams
• Construct new dams appropriately
• Not only normal dams but also hydroelectrical dams

Hydroelectric dams Dam

(Programme, 2019)
 Construct Boreholes

• Access to groundwater (Cleaner water).

• Strategically built
• Shorter travel distance to get water.

Boreholes

(Programme, 2019)
 Rainwater Harvesting
• Build water collecting system for collecting rainwater
• Simple and functional technologies ----- collecting, storing and
purifying rainwater from the rooftops
• Rooftops ----- rainwater is essentially clean, while groundwater
can often be saline.
• prevent flooding during the rainy season and save utilities cost

(Programme, 2019)
 CONCLUSION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOAL 6

CLEAN WATER
AND
SANITATION
1.
References
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