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    Culture of Milk Fish

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    dororeat
    This document provides an overview of milkfish culture. It discusses the taxonomic classification of milkfish, its geographical distribution in tropical oceans, and descriptions of its habit and life cycle. It also covers topics such as fry collection in the wild, rearing fry in hatcheries, and grow-out culture in brackishwater ponds and pens. The key methods of induced breeding and larval rearing in hatcheries to meet the demand for milkfish are also summarized.

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    Culture of Milk Fish

    Uploaded by

    dororeat
    265 views14 pages
    This document provides an overview of milkfish culture. It discusses the taxonomic classification of milkfish, its geographical distribution in tropical oceans, and descriptions of its habit and life cycle. It also covers topics such as fry collection in the wild, rearing fry in hatcheries, and grow-out culture in brackishwater ponds and pens. The key methods of induced breeding and larval rearing in hatcheries to meet the demand for milkfish are also summarized.

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    Culture of Milk Fish

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    This document provides an overview of milkfish culture. It discusses the taxonomic classification of milkfish, its geographical distribution in tropical oceans, and descriptions of its habit and life cycle. It also covers topics such as fry collection in the wild, rearing fry in hatcheries, and grow-out culture in brackishwater ponds and pens. The key methods of induced breeding and larval rearing in hatcheries to meet the demand for milkfish are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    265 views14 pages

    Culture of Milk Fish

    Uploaded by

    dororeat
    This document provides an overview of milkfish culture. It discusses the taxonomic classification of milkfish, its geographical distribution in tropical oceans, and descriptions of its habit and life cycle. It also covers topics such as fry collection in the wild, rearing fry in hatcheries, and grow-out culture in brackishwater ponds and pens. The key methods of induced breeding and larval rearing in hatcheries to meet the demand for milkfish are also summarized.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    A seminar on

    CULTURE OF MILK FISH


    CONTENTS
    1. INTRODUCTION
    2. TAXONOMIC POSITION
    3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
    4. DESCRIBTION, HABIT & HABITAT
    5. FRY COLLECTION
    6. REARING OF FRY
    7. TYPES OF CULTURE
    8. GROW-OUT CULTURE
    9. HARVESTING
    10. SUMMERY
    11. CONCLUSION
    12. REFERENCES.
    Introduction:
    • Milkfish aquaculture first occurred around 800
    years ago in the Philippines and spread in Indonesia,
    Taiwan and into the Pacific. Traditional milkfish
    aquaculture relied upon restocking ponds by
    collecting wild fry. The milkfish (Chanos chanos) is
    the sole living species in the family Chanidae.
    • Milkfish, being a euryhaline fish, can grow in any clean
    water environment; salinity is not a requirement when
    growing this fish. However, transferring from saline
    water to freshwater should be done gradually in a
    process of “acclimatization”.
    TAXONOMIC POSITION

    • Phylum - Chordata
    • Subphylum - Vertebrata
    • Class - Osteicthyes
    • Order - Gonorhynchiformes
    • Family - Chanidae
    Genus - Chanos
    Species - Chanos chanos
    GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
    Milkfish, Chanos chanos, is one of the two most important
    species being cultured in Asia, the other being carp.
    It is distributed throughout the entire tropical Indo-Pacific
    Ocean, from 40° E to about 100° W and 30 to 40° N to 30 to 40°
    S.
    It can tolerate wide ranges of salinity and temperature
    fluctuations.
    The Philippines, Indonesia and Taiwan are the center of
    geographic distribution.
    Their distribution coincides with coral reef areas where the
    water is warm (more than 20°C), clear and shallow.
    Description:
    • Milkfish have a generally symmetrical and streamlined
    appearance, with a sizable forked caudal fin.
    • They can grow to 1.70 metres but are most often about
    1 metre in length.
    • They have no teeth and generally feed on algae and
    invertebrates.
    Habit & Habitat:
    Milkfish is a large, long-live species , and its habitat,
    behaviour, and food habits changes with size and stage in the
    life cycle.
    Essentially marine fish of the Indian and across the
    Pacific Ocean , tending to school around coasts and islands
    with reefs.
    Contd….
    • Adult spawn at sea , the young fry live at sea for two
    to three weeks and then migrate to mangrove swamps,
    estuaries, and sometimes lakes and return to sea to
    mature sexually and reproduce.
    • Highly euryhaline and can live in fresh to hyper-
    saline waters and can tolerate low oxygen level.
    • They become sluggish < 20°C and mortality occurs at
    12°C.
    Culture system
    • Common culture system: Brackish water coastal pond
    farms.
    • Farm may include: Nurseries, rearing and wintering
    ( where fingerlings have to be over-wintered).
    • Mono culture: Fresh water ponds and reservoirs, Pen
    culture in fresh water lakes in Philippines.
    • Poly culture: Brackish water ponds ( tidal), farming with
    grey mullets, shrimps and sea bass.
    FRY COLLECTION
    • Wild fry was the major source for milkfish culture until
    recent success in natural spawning and mass larval
    rearing in several milkfish farms.
    • Milk fish don’t mature and spawn naturally in confined
    waters. They seem to spawn in the sea near the coast
    and the small larvae (12-15 mm) occur periodically
    along the sandy coasts and in the estuaries.
    • The instability of wild-fry supplies is an obvious
    problem for the culture of any aquatic species and
    milkfish is no exception.
    • So farmers produce millions of hatchery fry for culture
    every year.
    METHOD OF FRY COLLECTION
    Fry collection methods of Southeast
    Asia carried out using fishing gear,
    such as fry barriers in Indonesia and
    the Philippines, filter bag nets in most
    of the fry-producing countries, seine
    nets in Sri Lanka and the Philippines.
    The selection of fishing gear is based
    on the topography of fishing ground
    and ocean currents.
    It is important to realize that driving
    the fry into the net, rather than
    filtering them through it, results in
    higher survival.
    Collection of milkfish fry
    using a push net
    Seed production (induced breeding):
    Attempts have been made to develop milk fish hatchery to
    meet the increasing demands.
    Sexes can be distinguished by external characteristics. Three
    openings in the urinogenital (anal) region of mature female
    milkfish.
    Sexually mature males possess only two openings.
    Mature female collected from sea can be induced to spawn
    using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A).
    Fecundity estimates of 0.3 to 1 million eggs per kg body
    weight.
    Survival rates under experimental condition varies between 9-
    47%.
    A newly-hatched milkfish larvae measures 3.5 mm total length.
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