Broodstock Mgt. Mangrove Crab

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BROODSTOCK

MANAGEMENT OF
MANGROVE CRAB
Prepared by:
Raguindin, Princess T.
Cabico, Jessivir C.
BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT
• BROODSTOCK: Maintenance of male and female Mud crabs for
controlled breeding purposes.
• Broodstock can be sourced from the wild, from pond-reared animals
or from domesticated improved broodstock.
• Spawning occurs throughout the year especially in warmer countries.
• Spawners could be collected from the commercial catches in berried
stages and maintained in hatchery as brood stock.
• Maintenance of salinity around 33 ppt is a must for gonadal
maturation in brood stock management.
FEEDING
• Crabs need 5-8 % food of their body weight
• Cost trash fish, chicken waste, animal innards collected from slaughter
house, brackishwater clams
• Twice a day
• Major part of the total feeds should be given during evening hours
WATER QUALITY
• Water quality plays an important role in the production of crabs.
Change water occasionally if possible or apply proper medicines or
chemicals.
Salinity 15-25%
Temperature 26-30֯ C
Oxygen > 3 ppm
pH 7.8-8.5
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND
TRANSFER
• Technology for breeding and seed production of Mud crab has been
standardized.
• Protocols for selection of broodstock, broodstock quarantining, spawning and
hatching, larval rearing, live feed production and use of green water
technology have been developed.
• Technology for Captive maturation of Mud crab with and without eyestalk
ablation has been developed.
• Standardized technology for year round production of Crab Instar.
• Achieved a record survival rate of 18.1 % in Crab instar production against the
world average of 3.5%. Consistent survival rates around 7.5% are obtained in
RGCA hatchery operations.
• A package of practice for hatchery seed production of Mud crab has een
developed.
Mud Crab Farming Methods
• Two system can be used: Grow-out Farming and Fattening Systems
GROW-OUT SYSTEM
- Young crabs are raised and grown for a certain period of 5 – 6 mos. till they reach
marketing size and weight.
- Pond based – pond size depend on the production type. Generally 0.5 to 2 hectares.
- Proper hand and tidal water exchange is must.
- Small sized ponds more suitable. Because easily maintained. But a suitable fence is
required.
- Large size ponds – natural condition are prevailing, strengthening is necessary along
the area.
- Juvenile wild crabs (10-100 gm) are stocked
- Depending on size and available facilities – 3 to 6 mos.
- Commercial production with supplementary feeding – 1-3 crabs per square meter.
- Feed with low cost fish, shrimps, small sized crabs etc.
- Rotted fish, innards of birds, animals from slaughter house, can also work
- Daily feed = 5% of their body weight
- Regular sampling
- Small pipes are kept to avoid cannibalism
- Within 3 to 5 mos. they reach marketing size
FATTENING SYSTEM
- Pond size – 0.025 to o.2
- Raising soft shelled crabs for a certain period until their exoskeleton gets
hardened
- To five times more value in the market
- Less time, process is very profitable
- Can be done be 2 systems: Fattening in pond, Fattening in ponds or cages
FATTENING IN POND
• Pond size 0.025 to 0.2 hectare size and depth 1-1.5 m
• Pond preparation – draining the pond water, sun drying, add sufficient quantity of lime
• Fence around the pond for fattening purpose crabs have a tendency to escape by making hole
and digging the soil, The inlet areas were reinforced with bamboo matting inside the bund.
• Soft crabs from local fisherman or crab merchants, in morning.
• 1-2 per square meter stocking density
• Divide the pond into different comparments according to the size of crabs if it is big sized.
• Male and female crabs separate – good results and reduce mutual attacks and cannibalism
• Depending on location and crabs availability 8 to 12 fattening cycles can be done in a year
• Crabs weight between 300 g to 500 g has high demand and value
• Crabs are collected and sold when they reach the optimal marketing weight. Always when they
are shelled. High profit.
FATTENING IN PONDS OR CAGES
• Pens, floating net cages, and bamboo cages in shallow estuarine waterways and inside large
shrimp ponds with good tidal water influx and in tanks.
• Bamboo splits, netlon or HDPE as netting material.
• 3 m * 2 m * 1 m (3 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m height) is ideal cage size for crab fattening.
• Arrange the cages in a row so that you can easily feed and monitor the crabs.
• Stocking density of 10 crabs per square meter in cage and 5 crabs per square meter in pens is
ideal.
• Fattening in cages or pens is only used in small production.

• For commercial purpose, fattening in ponds is perfect and more profitable.


FATTENING SYSTEM is more profitable than grow-out system and has many advantages.
Grow-out crab farming system takes more time than fattening system. Also fattening system
is very popular to the farmer as it takes less time and highly profitable.
There are essential condition for raising the broodstock:

Steady salinity close to 33 ppt.


Daily water exchange with a continuous flow through system
Supply of nutritive clam meat as feed
Maintenance of water temperature around 28-31 ֯C
MATURATION AND SPAWNING
• In S. serrata, the first stage of maturation for a male occurs from 90-
110 mm, while from 140-160 mm males develop their characteristic
“large claw” and mating scars on their sternum and front walking legs
become apparent.
• A mature female mud crab produces from 1 to 6 million eggs
• The crabs are examined for ovarian maturity by looking through the
transparent membrane between the junction of the first abdominal
segment and carapace. Mature ovaries are dark orange.
• The crabs are held in a concrete tank with sand substrate and PVC
pipes (20cm diameter x 30 cm length) as shelters.
• They are fed mussels, squid and fish at 10-15% of body weight daily
and a SEAFDEC formulated diet at 2%. Live marine annelids are
offered to crabs once every 1-2 weeks as a supplement.
• Water depth in the tanks is maintained at about 30 cm.
• The seawater used for the crab breeders and larvae is pre-treated in
a reservoir with 10-20 ppm calcium hypochlorite and then neutralized
with sodium thiosulfate after 12-24 h.
• The water in the tank is changed daily before feeding
  Female of 7-8 cm
gathered from commercial
catches are stocked at 1
seed / for fattening in fenced
grow-out ponds.
The stock is fed
intensively with calm meat as
high as 15 -20% of body
weight.
When gravid females are
allowed to grow continuously
together with matured
males, the mated females
spawn and become ovigerous
or berried.
• The duration of egg is decreased as temperature is increased
• As the nutrition of mud crabs is of paramount importance, they
should be fed a good-quality fresh diet of mixed seafood (squid, fish,
bivalves, marine worms).
• Sufficient lipids and fatty acids are needed in broodstock diets to
enhance gonad development, hatching and larval metamorphosis.
• It has been found that an artificial diet with a total lipid content of 10
percent, in combination with a natural diet, can lead to improvement
in larval production and quality.
LARVAL REARING
• Mud crab larvae have been found to eat more at light levels of 1000-
6000 lux, while below 1000 lux, larvae both eat less and have
increased mortality rates.
• As crab larvae exposed to 24-hour light exhibit decreased survival,
compared with a 12-hour light/dark cycle, natural lightning should be
the primary light source for larval rearing areas.
• When tanks are not being examined, they can be covered with plastic
or similar sheeting. This reduces temperature fluctuation in tanks, in
addition to controlling aerosol sprays.
MAINTAINING LARVAL WATER
QUALITY
• Chlorination can be used, followed either by chemical de-chlorination,
or aeration for 2-3 days to remove residues.
• Other water treatment options for mud crab larval rearing water
include ozone treatment (followed by carbon filtration), UV
sterilization, microfiltration and microbial conditioning.
• Another approach to maintain water quality in larval rearing tanks is
to establish a recirculating system, which screens and treats water in
tanks.
PRODUCTION CYCLE
REFERENCE:
http://www.roysfarm.com/mud-crab farming/
http://rgca.org.in /mudcrab.php
Quinitio, E. T., Estepa, F. D. P., Rodriguez, E. Seed production of mud
crab Syclla spp. July-September 2002 (volume VII No. 3 ) 29
Marichamy, R. and Rajapackiam. Mud crab hatchery and fattening.
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.

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