22.3 Pollution - IGCSE - 2016 Syllabus
22.3 Pollution - IGCSE - 2016 Syllabus
22.3 Pollution - IGCSE - 2016 Syllabus
HW: Redraw the table on pg no. 242 in your notebooks. Mentioning the
pollutants, sources and undesirable effects of pollutant on the environment
Task: List the Effects of Global
warming
Disadvantages:
1. Ice Caps melting
2. Rise in sea level
3. Low lying land will be flooded Eg Bangladesh, Maldives, cities of London
4. Violent Storms, hurricanes, dessertification
5. Polar shift
6. Loss of Biodiversity ( due to habitat loss)
Advantages:
7. Extra CO2 means higher rate of photosynthesis
8. Unproductive polar zone becoming productive thus higher yields
Task: List at least 10 different unique ways to reduce Global warming /
Green house gas emission
1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle choose Reusable products instead of
disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the
economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to Reduce
waste. And whenever you can, Recycle paper, plastic, newspaper,
glass and aluminum cans.
2.Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning Adding insulation to your
walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around
doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25
percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool
your home.
3. Drive Less and Drive Smart: Less driving means fewer emissions.
Besides saving gasoline, walking and biking are great forms of
exercise. Explore your community mass transit system, and check
out options for carpooling to work or school.
4. Plant a Tree:
Acid Rain
• Fossil fuels are formed from living organisms. They all
contain Sulphur and Nitrogen as an element of protein.
• When burnt release S & N , which combine with O in the
air and form SO2 and Nitrogen oxides.
• Coal burning releases more of SO2 ( power plants) and
vehicles releases more of Nitrogen oxides.
• These pollutants combine with rain to form Acid Rain
– SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 - sulfurous acid
– SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
– NOx + H2O → HNO3 - nitric acid
ACID RAIN
• Reduce S fuel use ( coal + solvent )dissolves S
from fuels
3. PREVENTIVE • Wet powdered lime stones neutralize acidic gases
MEASURES before they escape
• Catalytic converters- used to reduce NO in
exhausts of cars
• Kills leaves & reduces ability to fight diseases.
• Lichens are affected
• Leaching – washes away AL, Mg & Ca salts from soil
2. EFFECTS making it infertile
• Kills microbes in soil
• Al salts dissolve below pH 5.5 , enter water & make it toxic
which leads to clogging of gills in fishes
m in e r a ls m in e r a ls
Eutrophication
The process of e s p . n itr a t e s e s p . p h o s p h a te s
o r g a n ic m a te ria l
e u t r o p h ic a tio n
a lg a l b lo o m
c o m p e t it io n c o n s u m e r s c a n 't
f o r lig h t c o n s u m e fa s t e n o u g h
d e a d p la n ts d e a d a lg a e
d e t r it u s
m o re d e c o m p o s e rs
u s e u p o x y g e n
b y a e r o b ic r e s p ir a t io n
( in c r e a s e d B O D )
a e r o b e s d ie a n a e r o b ic b a c te r ia
( in v e r t e b r a t e s , t h r iv e . R e le a s e
f is h , e t c ) N H 4, C H 4, H 2S
The process of Eutrophication cont.
s e w a g e
f e r tilis e r s ( liq u id d o m e s tic
a n d in d u s tr ia l w a s te )
m in e r a ls m in e r a ls
e s p . n itr a t e s e s p . p h o s p h a te s
o rg an ic m ate rial
e u t r o p h ic a tio n
a lg a l b lo o m
c o m p e t it io n c o n s u m e r s c a n 't
f o r lig h t c o n s u m e fa s t e n o u g h
d e a d p la n ts d e a d a lg a e
d e t r it u s
m o r e d e c o m p o s e r s
u s e u p o x y g e n
b y a e r o b ic r e s p ir a t io n
( in c r e a s e d B O D )
a e r o b e s d ie a n a e r o b ic b a c te r ia
( in v e r t e b r a t e s , t h r iv e . R e le a s e
f is h , e t c ) N H 4, C H 4 , H 2S
Solution: Reduce nutrient
inputs
• Agriculture
Avoid excess use of fetilisers
Substitute fertilisers with manure.
( organic fertilisers – release
nutrients to the soil gradually)
Avoid applying fertilisers on empty
fields
Not to be applied before rains
Not to be sprayed to close to streams
and rivers
Sewage
Proper sewage treatment must be
done
To disinfect the sewage before letting
it into waterbodies
To recycle the water for non-drinking
purposes
Pesticides:
in a food chain
z o o p la n k to n s m a ll fis h la r g e fis h b ir d s
w a te r 0 .0 4 p p m 0 .5 p p m 2 ppm 25 ppm
• Biomagnification:
• increase in concentration of a pollutant
from one link in a food chain to another.