Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING
NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Course Title : Mechanics Of Materials

Course Code : MM-205
Year: S.E
1-1
Lecture 3 a
1-2
Third Edition
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
3 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Lecture Notes:
Torsion
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Contents
Introduction Torsional Failure Modes

Torque Sample Problem 3.1
Torsion Angle of Twist in Elastic Range
Torsional Loads on Circular Shafts Statically Indeterminate Shafts
Net Torque Due to Internal Stresses Sample Problem 3.4
Axial Shear Components Design of Transmission Shafts
Shaft Deformations Stress Concentrations
Shearing Strain Torsion of Noncircular Members
Stresses in Elastic Range Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts
Normal Stresses Example 3.10
3-4
Introduction
• In previous chapters how to calculate the stresses and strains

in structural members subjected to axial loads, that is, to forces
directed along the axis of the member.
• In this chapter structural members and machine parts that are

in torsion will be considered.
• More specifically, you will analyze the stresses and strains in

members of circular cross section subjected to twisting couples,
or torques, T and T ’
3-5
Torque
• Torque describes a force that is capable of changing an object’s angular
velocity or causing torsion about an axis.
• The torque produced by a force is found by multiplying the perpendicular
distance between the line of force and the axis of rotation.
• Alternatively, one could take the force component perpendicular to the
shortest line between the axis of rotation and the point of application of the
force, and then multiply this component by the length of the shortest line.
3-6
Examples-Torsion
• Turning a doorknob
• Fastening a bolt
• Turning the steering wheel
• Paddling a bicycle
• Even turning your head
3-7
Torsion
• Torsion is a twisting of a rod or beam by an applied torque
3-8
Torsional Loads on Circular Shafts
• Members in torsion are
encountered in many engineering
applications.
• The most common application is

provided by transmission shafts,
which are used to transmit power from
one point to another.
• Interested in stresses and strains of
circular shafts subjected to twisting
couples or torques
• Turbine exerts torque T on the shaft
• Shaft transmits the torque to the

generator
• Generator creates an equal and
opposite torque T’ 3-9
Net Torque Due to Internal Stresses
• Net of the internal shearing stresses is an

internal torque, equal and opposite to the
applied torque,
T    dF      dA
• Although the net torque due to the shearing

stresses is known, the distribution of the
stresses is not
• Distribution of shearing stresses is statically
indeterminate – must consider shaft
deformations
• Unlike the normal stress due to axial loads, the
distribution of shearing stresses due to torsional
loads can not be assumed uniform.
3 - 10
Axial Shear Components
• Torque applied to shaft produces shearing

stresses on the faces perpendicular to the
axis.
• Conditions of equilibrium require the

existence of equal stresses on the faces of the
two planes containing the axis of the shaft
• The existence of the axial shear components is

demonstrated by considering a shaft made up
of axial slats.
The slats slide with respect to each other when

equal and opposite torques are applied to the
ends of the shaft.
3 - 11
Shaft Deformations
• From observation, the angle of twist of the

shaft is proportional to the applied torque and
to the shaft length.
 T
L
• When subjected to torsion, every cross-section
of a circular shaft remains plane and
undistorted.
• Cross-sections for hollow and solid circular
shafts remain plain and undistorted because a
circular shaft is axisymmetric.
• Cross-sections of noncircular (non-
axisymmetric) shafts are distorted when
subjected to torsion.
3 - 12
Shearing Strain
• Consider an interior section of the shaft. As a

torsional load is applied, an element on the
interior cylinder deforms into a rhombus.
• Since the ends of the element remain planar,

the shear strain is equal to angle of twist.
• It follows that

L   or  
L
• Shear strain is proportional to twist and radius

c 
 max  and    max
L c
3 - 13

Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Course Title: Mechanics of Materials Course Code: MM-205 Year: S.E

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGINEERING

NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Course Title : Mechanics Of Materials

© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction Torsional Failure Modes

• In previous chapters how to calculate the stresses and strains

• In this chapter structural members and machine parts that are

• More specifically, you will analyze the stresses and strains in

• Torsion is a twisting of a rod or beam by an applied torque

• The most common application is

• Turbine exerts torque T on the shaft

• Shaft transmits the torque to the

• Net of the internal shearing stresses is an

• Although the net torque due to the shearing

• Torque applied to shaft produces shearing

• Conditions of equilibrium require the

• The existence of the axial shear components is

The slats slide with respect to each other when

• From observation, the angle of twist of the

• Consider an interior section of the shaft. As a

• Since the ends of the element remain planar,

• Shear strain is proportional to twist and radius

You might also like