Sets - An Introduction
Sets - An Introduction
Sets - An Introduction
INTRODUCTION
MELC -Illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets,
null set, cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and
the difference of two sets.
1. Define sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets, union
and intersection of sets and the difference of two sets.
2. Identify the different notations and symbols related to sets
3. Differentiate various kinds of sets.
4. Apply the union and intersection of sets, difference of sets and
complement of a set in everyday lives.
Activity #1. Group the different objects as you see it and
Set of Plants/Flowers
Set of Letters
Set of Animals
Set of Number
Set of Shapes
Set of Appliances
Set of Living Things
Set of Non Living Things
Activity #2.
Suppose the set of Natural/counting
numbers from 1 to 10 is the universal
set (U). Form smaller sets consisting
of elements of U that share a
different characteristics.
Activity #2.
Suppose the set of Natural/counting numbers from 1
to 10 is the universal set (U). Form smaller sets
consisting of elements of U that share a different
characteristics.
Possible Answers:
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }
C = { 2, 3, 5, 7}
D = { 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
E = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Activity#3
Describe the picture with the corresponding
word/s best describe it.
Universal Set
Cardinality of a Set
Subset
Null/Empty Set
Set
Element
Terms to Remember
H ={0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Activity #1. Name/describe the following
Symbol/Notation that is enumerated.
Development
1. ∪
2. ∅ or { }
3. Uppercase letters
4. n(A)
5. ⊆
6. ∈
7. ∉
8. Lowercase letters
9. ⊂
10. ǀ
Answers in Activity #1. Name the following
Symbol/Notation that is enumerated.
1. ∪ = Universal set
2. ∅ or { } = Null set or empty set
3. Uppercase letters = Name of Sets
4. n(A) = The cardinality of set A
5. ⊆ = Subset
6. ∈ = is an element of
7. ∉ = is not an element of
8. Lowercase letters = elements
9. ⊂ = proper subset
10. ǀ = such that
Notations and Symbols
Sets
Set is denoted by capital letters or uppercase letters.
Examples:
A = { 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }
B = { blue, pink, red }
Elements
Elements are denoted by small letters or lowercase letters and it should be
enclosed by braces { }. In case the elements or members are Proper Nouns it
should be in capital letters.
Examples:
C = { a, b, c, d, e}
D = { Aida, Nicka, Raquel, Suzie, Nick, Rob}
Notations and Symbols
Universal Sets
Universal Set is denoted by capital letter U and it is illustrated by a rectangle.
Examples:
U = The set letters in the English alphabet
U = The set of whole numbers
* Note: The null set or an empty set is a subset of any set. The set itself is a
subset of any set.
Notations and Symbols
Proper Subsets
Proper Subset is denoted by ⊂. We can determine the number of subset by
listing or by using the formula (2^n) - 1, where n is the number of elements in
the given set and the constant 1 represent the set itself.
Examples:
G={ } SUBSET = NONE
H = {8} SUBSETS = { }
I = {a, b, c} SUBSETS = { }, {a}, {b}, {c}, {a,b}, {a,c}, {b,c}
* Note: The null set or an empty set is a proper subset of any set. The set
itself is not a proper subset of any set.
Notations and Symbols
Is an element of and is not an element of
Is an element of is denoted by ∈ and is not an element of is denoted by ∉.
Examples:
J = {2, 4, 6} 2 ∈ J = 2 is an element of set J
p ∉ J = p is not an element of set J
K = {p,q, r, s} r ∈ K = r is a element of set K
6 ∉ K = 6 is not an element pf K
Such that
Such that is denoted by |.
Examples:
L = { x|x is an even number}
M = {x|x is the first counting number}
Activity #2. Match the term/s with
the corresponding examples.
https://www.bookwidgets.com/play/Q9Q7Q3
or Q9Q7Q3 for Bookwidget for IPAD app
Null Sets or Empty Sets
Sets that contain no element or member
Equivalent Sets
Are sets that have the same number of
Mathematics Class | Rizal National Science High School elements but have different elements.
Finite Sets
Sets that have limited number of elements.
COUNTABLE
Infinite Sets
Sets that have unlimited number of
elements. NOT COUNTABLE
Kinds of Sets Joint Sets
Sets that have the same or have common
elements.
Disjoint Sets
Sets that have no common element.
Who among them are members of BOTH
the Choir and the Dance Troop?
and
DIFFERENCE of SETS
Difference of Sets or Relative
6. ____{biking, swimming,
jogging, yoga, painting}
Using the picture/illustration below
perform the indicated set operation.
1. C U D = _________
Write the different household chores
(elements). 2. C intersection D= _________
3. C - D = _________
4. D \ C = _________
5. C' = ________
6. D^c = ________
Assimilation
In order to stay and keep one’s mind and body
healthy what are the activities that you need to
do everyday? How about the activities that you
need to do once a week? Twice a week? Thrice a
week?
Everyday = _______________________