The Suprasegmentals or Prosodic Feature of A Language.
The Suprasegmentals or Prosodic Feature of A Language.
The Suprasegmentals or Prosodic Feature of A Language.
Maychel Dumago
Jerry Baldesma
Gwyneth Francisco
Rovic Igloria
Lee Ann Manapo
The
suprasegmentals
Excuse me Attracting
Attention
Please pay
attention to me
Excuse me Expressing
displeasure
How dare you
Likewise, intonation is essential for
interpreting single word phrases. If the
word “right” is said with the pitch of the
rising voice, it is likely heard as a question
or as an invitation to a speaker to
continue.
While, falling pitch is more likely heard
as confirmation or agreement.
Beats or stress
is the relative emphasis that
may be given to certain syllables
in a word or to certain words in
a phrase or sentence.
Degrees of Stress?
If a given word has more than one stress (or foot), are they all
equal, or some feet stronger than others?
No
complete agreement.
Ladefoged suggests that words are not marked as to which foot is
stronger, but rather this increased strength is due to
(independent) other factors.
Degree of composed of:
full vs. reduced vowel
stressed vs. unstressed syllables
(pitch-)accented vs. unaccented: last stressed syllable in phrase
receives tonic accent.
With regards to speech, differences between
phonemes are not caused by many significant
sound contrast
For example, stress is significant when the
word “record” pronounced with the first
syllable sounding stronger than the second.
English speakers hear it as a noun, but when
the second syllable is stronger , the word is
heard as a verb.
KINDS OF
STRESS
*Tonic stress
*Emphatic stress
*Contrastive stress
*New information stress
Tonic Stress
Tonic stress refers to the syllable in a word which
receives the most stress in an intonation unit. An
intonation unit has one tonic stress. It's important to
remember that a sentence can have more than one
intonation unit, and therefore have more than one
tonic stress.
Here are some examples of intonation units with the tonic stress
bolded:
He's waiting
He's waiting / for his friend
He's waiting / for his friend / at the station
Generally, the final tonic stress in a sentence receives the most
stress. In the above example, 'station' receives the strongest stress.
*Extremely
*Terribly
*Completely
*Utterly
*Especially
Contrastive Stress
Contrastive stress is used to point out the difference
between one object and another. Contrastive stress tends
to be used with determiners such as 'this, that, these and
those'.
For example:
*I think I prefer this color.
*Do you want these or those curtains?
Contrastive stress is also used to bring out a given word in a sentence
which will also slightly change the meaning.
*He came to the party yesterday. (It was he, not someone else.)
*He walked to the party yesterday. (He walked, rather than drove.)
*He came to the party yesterday. (It was a party, not a meeting or
something else.)
*He came to the party yesterday. (It was yesterday, not two weeks ago or
some other time.)
New Information Stress
• When asked a question, the requested information is naturally
stressed more strongly.
For example: