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    M3 - Intro - Active Filters

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    Dr. Shwetha M
    Active filters are electronic circuits that use active elements like op-amps along with passive elements to filter signals. There are four main types of active filters: [1] Active low-pass filters allow low frequencies to pass while blocking high frequencies. [2] Active high-pass filters allow high frequencies to pass while blocking low frequencies. [3] Active band-pass filters allow only a specific band of frequencies to pass while blocking lower and higher frequencies. [4] Active band-stop filters block a specific band of frequencies while allowing lower and higher frequencies to pass.

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    M3 - Intro - Active Filters

    Uploaded by

    Dr. Shwetha M
    18 views13 pages
    Active filters are electronic circuits that use active elements like op-amps along with passive elements to filter signals. There are four main types of active filters: [1] Active low-pass filters allow low frequencies to pass while blocking high frequencies. [2] Active high-pass filters allow high frequencies to pass while blocking low frequencies. [3] Active band-pass filters allow only a specific band of frequencies to pass while blocking lower and higher frequencies. [4] Active band-stop filters block a specific band of frequencies while allowing lower and higher frequencies to pass.

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    Active filters are electronic circuits that use active elements like op-amps along with passive elements to filter signals. There are four main types of active filters: [1] Active low-pass filters allow low frequencies to pass while blocking high frequencies. [2] Active high-pass filters allow high frequencies to pass while blocking low frequencies. [3] Active band-pass filters allow only a specific band of frequencies to pass while blocking lower and higher frequencies. [4] Active band-stop filters block a specific band of frequencies while allowing lower and higher frequencies to pass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views13 pages

    M3 - Intro - Active Filters

    Uploaded by

    Dr. Shwetha M
    Active filters are electronic circuits that use active elements like op-amps along with passive elements to filter signals. There are four main types of active filters: [1] Active low-pass filters allow low frequencies to pass while blocking high frequencies. [2] Active high-pass filters allow high frequencies to pass while blocking low frequencies. [3] Active band-pass filters allow only a specific band of frequencies to pass while blocking lower and higher frequencies. [4] Active band-stop filters block a specific band of frequencies while allowing lower and higher frequencies to pass.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Active Filters

    Dr. Shwetha M
    Introduction
    Filters are electronic circuits that allow certain frequency components
    and / or reject some other.

    You might have come across filters in network theory, they are passive
    and are the electric circuits or networks that consist of passive elements like
    resistor, capacitor, and (or) an inductor.
    Types of Active Filters

    Active filters are the electronic circuits, which consist of active element like
    op-amp(s) along with passive elements like resistor(s) and capacitor(s).
    Active filters are mainly classified into the following four types based on
    the band of frequencies that they are allowing and / or rejecting −
    1 Active Low Pass Filter
    2 Active High Pass Filter
    3 Active Band Pass Filter
    4 Active Band Stop Filter
    Active Low Pass Filter

    • If an active filter allows (passes)


    only low frequency components and
    rejects (blocks) all other high frequency
    components, then it is called as an active
    low pass filter.

    • The circuit diagram of an active low


    pass filter is shown in the following
    figure
    Active Low Pass Filter
    Active High Pass Filter

    • If an active filter allows (passes) only high


    frequency components and rejects (blocks)
    all other low frequency components, then it
    is called an active high pass filter.

    • The circuit diagram of an active high pass


    filter is shown in the following figure 
    Active High Pass Filter
    Active Band Pass Filter
    • If an active filter allows (passes) only one band
    of frequencies, then it is called as an active band
    pass filter. In general, this frequency band lies
    between low frequency range and high frequency
    range. So, active band pass filter rejects (blocks)
    both low and high frequency components.

    • The circuit diagram of an active band pass filter


    is shown in the following figure
    Active Band Pass Filter
    • Observe that there are two parts in the circuit diagram of active band pass filter: The first part is an
    active high pass filter, while the second part is an active low pass filter.

    • The output of the active high pass filter is applied as an input of the active low pass filter.That
    means, both active high pass filter and active low pass filter are cascaded in order to obtain the
    output in such a way that it contains only a particular band of frequencies.

    • The active high pass filter, which is present at the first stage allows the frequencies that are greater
    than the lower cut-off frequency of the active band pass filter. So, we have to choose the values of

    RB & CB suitably, to obtain the desired lower cut-off frequency of the active band pass filter.
    Active Band Pass Filter

    • Similarly, the active low pass filter, which is present at the second


    stage allows the frequencies that are smaller than the higher cut-off
    frequency of the active band pass filter. So, we have to choose the
    values of RA & CA suitably in order to obtain the desired higher cut-off
    frequency of the active band pass filter.

    • Hence, the circuit in the diagram discussed above will produce an active
    band pass filter output.
    Active Band Stop Filter

    • If an active filter rejects (blocks) a particular band


    of frequencies, then it is called as an active band
    stop filter. In general, this frequency band lies
    between low frequency range and high frequency
    range. So, active band stop filter allows (passes)
    both low and high frequency components.

    • The block diagram of an active band stop filter


    is shown in the following figure 
    Active Band Stop Filter
    Observe that the block diagram of an active band stop filter consists of two blocks in its first
    stage: an active low pass filter and an active high pass filter. The outputs of these two blocks
    are applied as inputs to the block that is present in the second stage. So, the summing
    amplifier produces an output, which is the amplified version of sum of the outputs of the
    active low pass filter and the active high pass filter.
    Therefore, the output of the above block diagram will be the output of an active band
    stop , when we choose the cut-off frequency of low pass filter to be smaller than cut-off
    frequency of a high pass filter.
    The circuit diagram of an active band stop filter is shown in the following figure
    Active Band Stop Filter
    • We have already seen the circuit diagrams
    of an active low pass filter, an active high
    pass filter and a summing amplifier.
    Observe that we got the above circuit
    diagram of active band stop filter by
    replacing the blocks with the respective
    circuit diagrams in the block diagram of an
    active band stop filter.

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