Islam is the second largest religion in the world founded by Muhammad in the 7th century CE. The core beliefs of Islam are the five pillars: the creed (Shahada), obligatory prayer (Salat), poor tax (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The Quran and Hadith are the sacred scriptures of Islam which provide guidance for Muslims and outline aspects of worship, law, and daily life.
Islam is the second largest religion in the world founded by Muhammad in the 7th century CE. The core beliefs of Islam are the five pillars: the creed (Shahada), obligatory prayer (Salat), poor tax (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The Quran and Hadith are the sacred scriptures of Islam which provide guidance for Muslims and outline aspects of worship, law, and daily life.
Islam is the second largest religion in the world founded by Muhammad in the 7th century CE. The core beliefs of Islam are the five pillars: the creed (Shahada), obligatory prayer (Salat), poor tax (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The Quran and Hadith are the sacred scriptures of Islam which provide guidance for Muslims and outline aspects of worship, law, and daily life.
Islam is the second largest religion in the world founded by Muhammad in the 7th century CE. The core beliefs of Islam are the five pillars: the creed (Shahada), obligatory prayer (Salat), poor tax (Zakat), fasting during Ramadan (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The Quran and Hadith are the sacred scriptures of Islam which provide guidance for Muslims and outline aspects of worship, law, and daily life.
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ISLAM
•Islam is the second largest group and
one of the youngest and fastest growing religions in the world founded by Muhammad in the 7 century C.E. th
•1.5 billion Muslims, comprising almost
¼ of the world population •Majority live in Asia and Africa •The term “Islam” originated from an Arabic word meaning “submit.” in other words, Islam means to “surrender or submit oneself for obedience to God” or to “enter into a condition of peace and security with God through allegiance and surrender to Him.” •“Muslim” is the Arabic word for a person who submits. •Allah – “the one who is God” Symbols •The star and crescent has become the acknowledges representation of the Islamic faith. •Crescent moon or the hilal has early connections with royalty. •It is closely linked to the lunar calendar that orders the religious life of the Muslims Historical Background •Islam began with the Arabian desert people around early seventh century C.E. •They set their own beliefs and had been influenced by other religions such as Byzantine, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism Historical Background •Pre-Islamic people worshipped a variety of gods. While they recognize the existence of one supreme god, local and tribal gods were mostly venerated by the people. •Carved images were done to represent these gods that were often revered and given blood sacrifices (Hopfe 1983). Historical Background •Pre-Islamic religion was animistic in character. •Spirits found in rocks, trees, and wells had to be revered at their sanctuaries and placated for assistance. Historical Background •A meteoric stone that had fallen in Mecca centuries before became an object of veneration to the animistic people. •Pilgrims then built an enclosure around the stone that had fallen and called it Kaaba. The Life of Muhammad •Around the year 570 C.E., Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born in the oasis town of Mecca. •He belonged to the clan of Hashim of the Quraysh tribe that controlled the Kaaba. The Life of Muhammad •He was raised by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. •Later on, Muhammad was taken into caused by his paternal uncle, Abu Talib, who was chief of the Quraysh tribe. The Life of Muhammad •He worked as a caravan worker travelling across the Arabian Peninsula as a camel driver. •Muhammad soon learned the various ways and means of their belief system because he may have met and conversed with Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrianians. The Life of Muhammad •He was married to older- wealthy widow named Khadija, fifteen years his senior. •Khadija became his staunch supporter and one of his first converts to the new religion he founded. The Life of Muhammad •Around the year 610 C.E., Muhammad began hearing the voice of God, in Arabic language, in a cave on the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz. The Life of Muhammad •Around the year 610 C.E., Muhammad began hearing the voice of God, in Arabic language, in a cave on the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz. •He first disclosed the divine revelation of God to his wife to prevent social disorder of his tribe. The Life of Muhammad •The Muslims consider Muhammad as a messenger and the last prophet sent by God to humankind who has visited by the angel Gabriel. •The radical teachings of Muhammad angered local tribes so they began persecuting him and his loyal followers. The Life of Muhammad •The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina is know as hijra which marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. •The Muslims who follow Muhammad in his journey are known as Muhajirun (“those who made the hijra”) •Those who supported him in Medina are known as Ansar (“the helpers”) The Life of Muhammad •Finally, after almost eight years of struggle, Muhammad and his troops of around ten thousand converts marched to Mecca and took over the city almost unopposed. In Kaaba, he tore down the three hundred sixty pagan idols displayed at the holy shrine. The Life of Muhammad •In632 C.E., Muhammad died at the age of 62 but his newly founded religion had spread across the entire Arabian Peninsula and the Muslims had been united as one religious community. Sacred Scriptures •Q’uran (Koran in English) – the sacred writing of the Muslims . This literally means “recitation” or “reading.” •Quran is a copy of the eternal scripture written in heaven but made known to Muhammad chapter by chapter (Hopfe 1983) Sacred Scriptures •Any translation of Quran, either in English or any other language, is neither a Quran nor a version of the Quran; rather, it is only a translation of the meaning of the Quran (Ibrahim 1997) Sacred Scriptures •For about twenty-three years, God revealed these messages through Muhammad who initially memorized these lines because he was illiterate. •He relayed these to his companion and secretary Zayd ibn Thabit. Sacred Scriptures •Zayd wrote them on leather scraps, stone pieces, ribs of palm leaves, shoulder blades of animals, and parchments Sacred Scriptures •The chapters that compose the Quran are called surahs while the verses are called ayahs which mean “evidence” or “sign” Sacred Scriptures
•Aperson who is able to memorize the
Quran is called hafiz (“guardian”) the female counterpart is called hafiza. Hadith
•Itis the collection of the deeds and
sayings of Muhammad and his followers (traditional reports or sayings) and is the second source of shari’a law. Hadith
•The hadiths were collected
generations after the death of Muhammad. These are recognized today as second in authority after the Koran. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
•Islamic religious laws cover the daily
life of all Muslims – from education, dress, marriage, sexual relations, justice, punishments, economics, diet, and even rules of hospitality. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
•For all Muslims, there is only one
compassionate, everlasting, and omnipotent God, being the lord of everything in existence, including humans. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
•Based on their own deeds and fully
aware of the effects of these deeds in this life, everyone will then be sent to either paradise or hell for perpetuity. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (the basic obligations of Muslims)
1. The Creed (Shahada)
2. Obligatory Prayer (Salat) 3. Poor Tax (Zakat) 4. Fasting (Sawm) 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj THE CREED (SHAHADA)
•The basic creed of Islam that “there is
no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” (“La ilaha illa Allah; Muhammadon rasul Allah.”) THE CREED (SHAHADA)
•To be accepted into the Islam fold, one
must recite the kalima or phrase with two witnesses. •Tawheed (“the unity”) – first half of kalima •Rasillah (“acceptance of prophethood” – the second half of kalima 1. THE CREED (SHAHADA)
•Fora Muslim to deny any part of the
Shahada is tantamount to the crime of reversion to Islam that is punishable under Quranic law 2. OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT)
•Facing in the direction of Mecca or qiblah,
Muslims must offer prayers or salat five times each and everyday – sunrise (as- subh), noon (az-zuhr), mid-afternoon (al- asr), immediately after sunset (al- maghreb), and before midnight (al-isha) 2. OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT)
•Each prayer session begins when the
strong-voiced muezzin or called recites the call to prayer (adhan) from the tallest point of the mosque 2. OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT)
•Before any prayer commences, an
elaborate ritual washing (wudu) must be performed to remove any impurities and unclean substances from the body or clothes of the faithful. 2. OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT)
•To pray, a Muslim stands on clean
ground without shoes or wearing clean ones. 3. POOR TAX (ZAKAT)
•Muslims who live above the
subsistence level must pay zakat to aid the underprivileged Muslims 3. POOR TAX (ZAKAT)
•The zakat is payable the moment a
Muslim has accumulated sufficient resources starting with a basic rate which is fortieth (2.5 percent) of a person’s entire asset, including savings, jewels, and land. 4. FASTING (SAWM)
•Fasting or sawm during the entire 30 days
of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. •During this time, a Muslim refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in any sexual intimacy from dusk to dawn. 4. FASTING (SAWM)
•The sawm culminates with the “Feast
of Breaking” (‘Id al-Fitr) wherein Muslims may celebrate and partake in festivities. 4. FASTING (SAWM)
•Any Muslim who has reached puberty
and is healthy must undertake sawm. •Muslims who are exempted from performing sawm include small children, those who are on a journey, sick persons, and mothers nursing infants. 5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA (HAJJ)
•Muslims must attempt to visit the Holy
Place Mecca at least once in their lifetime during the twelfth Islamic month. 5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA (HAJJ)
•For Muslim men to participate in hajj,
they must be sound, physically able, and able to provide for their dependents while they are on pilgrimage to Mecca. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES •The Islamic calendar is composed of 12 lunar months with 354 days WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Month 1: Muharram (“The Sacred Month”)
•TheIslamic years starts in the day of the hijra, Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Month 3: Rabi al-Awai (“The Spring”)
•Birth of the Prophet Muhhamad WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Month 9: Ramadam (“The Month of Great
Heat”) Muslims do not eat or drink during daylight hours WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Month 10: Shawwal (“The Month of
Hunting”) •‘Id al-Fitr: The festival of the breaking the fast WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
Month 12: Dhu al-Hijja (“The Month of
Hajj”) •Month of Pilgimage (Hajj) to Mecca ISLAMIC LAW •The concept of law and justice in Islam, or the shari’a (“the road to the watering place”), is based upon the Quranic verses as revealed by God to Muhammad. ISLAMIC LAW •The shari’a is a path of conduct that must be followed by all Muslims. It concerns almost the totality of a Muslim;s life – from home life, business interests, ,marital relations, inheritance, and various duties to the state and community. ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Forbidden actions: •Eating animals that have died from natural causes or that were not ritually slaughtered. •drinking, blood, eating dried blood, and taking liquors. ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Obligatory practices: Five Pillars
•Alms giving •Daily prayers •Ritual fasting ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE •Makruh – reprehended actions but not subject to punishments. •Mandub – meritorious or recommended deeds •Mubah – permitted behaviors that are neither good nor bad but neutral