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    Priya Fire

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    Subadharshini
    Fire safety in buildings involves proper provision of exits, fire detection and alarm systems, sprinklers, and fire-resistant materials. Key elements include ensuring safety of occupants through detection systems that warn of fires, as well as dividing buildings into fire zones based on occupancy hazards. Staircases, fire escapes, and fire lifts must meet requirements to allow safe evacuation. Pressurized stairways can also help prevent smoke infiltration.

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    Priya Fire

    Uploaded by

    Subadharshini
    13 views12 pages
    Fire safety in buildings involves proper provision of exits, fire detection and alarm systems, sprinklers, and fire-resistant materials. Key elements include ensuring safety of occupants through detection systems that warn of fires, as well as dividing buildings into fire zones based on occupancy hazards. Staircases, fire escapes, and fire lifts must meet requirements to allow safe evacuation. Pressurized stairways can also help prevent smoke infiltration.

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    Fire safety in buildings involves proper provision of exits, fire detection and alarm systems, sprinklers, and fire-resistant materials. Key elements include ensuring safety of occupants through detection systems that warn of fires, as well as dividing buildings into fire zones based on occupancy hazards. Staircases, fire escapes, and fire lifts must meet requirements to allow safe evacuation. Pressurized stairways can also help prevent smoke infiltration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views12 pages

    Priya Fire

    Uploaded by

    Subadharshini
    Fire safety in buildings involves proper provision of exits, fire detection and alarm systems, sprinklers, and fire-resistant materials. Key elements include ensuring safety of occupants through detection systems that warn of fires, as well as dividing buildings into fire zones based on occupancy hazards. Staircases, fire escapes, and fire lifts must meet requirements to allow safe evacuation. Pressurized stairways can also help prevent smoke infiltration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Fire Safety

    • Provision and protection of exits, corridors, and stairs

    • Fire detector and alarm systems

    • Sprinkler systems

    • Materials and with low flame-spread rating and nontoxic combustion


    characteristics
    Fire Safety
    ensure individually and collectively the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes
    In large buildings automatic fire detecting and alarming facilities shall be provided where necessary to warn
    occupants or the existence of fire, so that they can escape.
    Rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of burning, releasing heat, light and various
    reaction products
    The Main Causes of Fire in a Building

    01. Cooking Equipment:


    02. Heating Equipment
    04. Candles/ Lamps ( i.e., Diyas):
    05. Faulty Wiring:
    06. Electrical Equipment:
    07. Flammable Liquids:
    08. Curious Children:
    09. Dried Leaves:
    10. Gas Leak:
    ZONES
    • based on fire hazard inherent in the buildings and structures according to occupancy should be called the ‘Fire Zones’
    • zones designated are as follows:
    a) Fire Zone No. 1 —
    b) residential (Group A),
    c) educational (Group B),
    d) institutional (Group C),
    e) assembly (Group D),
    f) small business (Sub-division E1) and retail mercantile (Group F) buildings, or areas which are under development for
    such occupancies. b)
    g) Fire Zone No. 2 —
    h) business (Sub-divisions E-2 to E-5)
    i) industrial buildings (Sub-divisions G-1 and G2) except high hazard industrial buildings (Sub-division G-3 ) or areas which
    are under development for such occupancies.
    j) c) Fire Zone No. 3 — This should comprise areas having high hazard industrial buildings (Sub-division G-3), storage
    buildings (Group H) and buildings for hazardous uses (Group J) or areas which are under development for such
    occupancies.
    Overlapping Fire Zones

    • When any building is so situated that it extends to more than one fire zone, it should be deemed to be in the
    fire zone in which the major portion of the building or structure is situated.
    • When any building is so situated that it extends equally to more than one fire zone, it should be deemed to
    be in the fire zone having more hazardous occupancy buildings.
    Fire Escapes or External Stairs:
    a) Fire escape shall not be taken into account while calculating the number of
    staircases for a building.
    b) All fire escapes shall be directly connected to the ground.
    c) Entrance to the fire escape shall be separate and remote from internal staircase.
    d) The route to fire escape shall be free of obstructions at all times except the
    doorway leading to the fire escape which shall have the required fire resistance.
    e)
    f) Fire escape stairs shall have straight flight not less than 125 cm wide with 25 cm
    treads and risers not more than 19 cm.
    g) Handrails shall be at a height not less than 100 cm.
    Spiral Stairs

    a) The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load and to a building height 9 m.
    b) A spiral stair shall not be less than 150 cm in diameter and shall be designed to give the adequate
    headroom.
    Staircase Enclosures
    a) The external enclosing walls of the staircase shall be of the brick or the R.C.C. construction
    having fire resistance. All enclosed staircases shall single swing doors opening in the direction of
    the escape
    b) b) The staircase enclosures on the external wall of the building shall be ventilated to the
    atmosphere at each landing.
    FIRE LIFTS
    • The lift provided in the buildings shall not be considered as a means of escape in case of emergency
    • to reach the upper floors with the minimum delay, one fire lift per 1200 m2 of floor area shall be provided
    and shall be available for the exclusive use of the firemen in an emergency.
    • The lift shall have a floor area of not less than 1.4 m2 . It shall have loading capacity of not less than 545 kg (8
    persons lift) doors of minimum 0.8 m width. The electric supply shall be on a separate service from electric
    supply mains in a building and the cables run in a route safe from fire, that is, within the lift shaft. Lights and
    fans in the elevators having wooden paneling or sheet steel construction shall be operated on 24 V supply.
    Fire fighting lift should be provided with a ceiling hatch for use in case of emergency, so that when the car
    gets stuck up, it shall be easily openable.
    Fire Lift
    • The words ‘FIRE LIFT' shall be conspicuously displayed in fluorescent paint on the lift landing doors at each
    floor level.
    • g) The speed of the fire lift shall be such that it can reach to the top floor from ground level within one
    minute.

    STAIRWAY PRESSURISATION
    • High-rise buildings/hotels should have pressurised stairways. An exception is a hotel where the
    stairways are open to the outside. In pressurised stairways, a fan operates when the fire alarm panel
    receives a signal from a fire detector or sprinkler.
    • The air is blown in from the exterior, and this creates a positive pressure in the stairway, keeping
    smoke from creeping into the stairway and blocking the egress path

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