BU1 MTtopic 2

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
(Treatment & Recycling)
MIDTERM TOPIC 2
What is………..
Waste refers to useless,

unwanted, or discarded materials,
solid, liquid, or gas.
Refuse refers to solid waste
domestic, institutional,
commercial, industrial, street,
demolition, or construction.
Sewage is a type of
wastewater that is produced by a
community of people.
 It is characterized by volume,
physical condition, chemical and
toxic constituents, and
bacteriologic status
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
A system for disposing of sewage, whether by means o

f a cesspool, septic tank, or by mechanical treatment,
all of
which is designed to serve a single building or group o
f buildings, independently of the public sewer.
Classifications……..
1. Garbage is any animal and/or vegetable

waste resulting from handling, preparation,
cooking, and serving food. It is associated for
human consumption. Sometimes garbage also
serves as food for insects and pests.
2. Rubbish consists of a variety of both

combustible and non-combustible solid waste
from homes, stores, and institutions. It is
sometimes called “Trash”.
Ex. Bottles, Tin Cans, Waste papers.
3. Ashes are left overs from any burnt or

combustible objects or the residue from wood,
coal, paper, boards, etc.
4. Night Soil refers to human waste
wrapped and thrown onto sidewalks. It
also includes human waste from the pail
system.
5. Street Refuse are materials picked up

by manual and mechanical sweeping of
streets and sidewalks and litters from
public receptacles.
6. Dead Animals refers to the animals

that die naturally by diseases or being
accidentally killed by vehicles.
7. Abandoned Vehicles are

automobiles, trucks, trailers, and/or cars
that are no longer used and left on the
streets and/or other public places.
8. Industrial Refuse consists of solid
waste materials from factories, processing
plants, etc.
9. Demolition Refuse are refuse or

waste materials from damaged buildings
or other structures.
10. Construction Refuse are waste

materials from construction, remodelling,
and repair of houses, buildings, and other
structures.
1. Solid Waste
Management
A. Handling Refuse
1. Refuse Storage is concerned with
the proper storage of waste materials in
homes, sidewalks, institutions,
collector roads, etc.
Factors Consider:
 Size –container should be small enough to
be easily carried.
 Quantity –sufficient number of storage on
waste materials to produce between collection
times.
 Design –provide tight fitting/cover so that
insects will not rid into or bad odour can be
reduced.
 Material –cover should be made by
materials which animal in coincident cases.
2. Refuse Collection is
the proper collection of waste
from building and
establishment.
System:
1. Pick-up Collection –
gathering of refuse from any
establishment in public.
2. Transportation –refers to
the transportation to collect
refuse to final disposal plant.
Types of Collecting System
1. Municipal Collection System is done by
municipality/city with their own equipment
and working forces.
2. Scavenger System –is referred to
regulation of the DOH to a certain individual
permitted to collect waste from municipal
dumpsite.
3. Contract Collection System –the
city/municipality government hired/paid a
company to do the work.
3. Refuse Disposal
Methods:
1. Dumping on Land Method
 is the most common wherein the refuse is dumped on open ground and is burned
after.
 It is also the source of health and sanitary problems, diseases, and air and water
pollution.
2. Sanitary Landfill Operations is the depositing of refuse in an
excavated or low level depression and filling after with soil.
Types:
A. Trench Method is used primarily on level grounds by making
shallow excavation at 5 ft. and refuse shall be stock piled and filled after soil with
side from soil berms.
2. Area of Ramp Method is used on flat Rollins Terrain or can be
best used on existing Natural Slope.
3. Low Area Method is
a sanitary Landfill that can be used
to improve marginal and sub-
marginal Land(Low Land
Depression, Swamps, and Ponds)
4. Valley or Ravine
Method is an area method
usually best applied where ravine is
deep and refuse should be placed in
lifts covered and obtained from the
side of a ravine.
Landfill System cross-section
2. Liquid Waste
Disposal System
 Collection of waste water that

occupied areas and conveying to
some point of disposal.
 This may be treated or may not be
treated before discharging into a
body of water.
Means of Storages:
A. Cesspool
a cesspit or cesspool is a term
with various meanings:
It is either used to describe an
underground holding
tank(sealed at the bottom) or a
soak pit(not sealed at the
bottom).
It can be used for the temporary

collection and storage of faeces,
excreta, or faecal sludge as part
of an on-site sanitation system
and has some similarities with
septic tanks or soak pits.
B. Privy
An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a
main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically
either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms
of dry toilets may be encountered. The term may also
be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the
structure.
C. Septic Tank
 A watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a
plumbing system or part thereof, and is designed and
constructed so as to separate solids from the liquid, digest
the organic matter through a period of detention, and allow
the effluent to discharge into a storm drain; or directly to
the ground outside the tank through a system of open joint
or perforated pipings
Processes Involved in the Septic System
1. Sedimentation –the
process to form semi-liquid
organic matter.
2. Anaerobic Decomposition
–the sewage discharge to the
tank and during period
around 60-70% of suspended
solid waste will remove
through sedimentation and
settle down into the bottom
portion of the tank and be
processed into scums.
The Composition of Organic matter from
Human Waste of Bacteria by the following:
Kinds of Bacteria:
 Aerobic Bacteria –provides Light and Oxygen
 An-aerobic Bacteria –free form Bacteria
 Facultative Bacteria –with or without oxygen
Gaseous Elements Produced in the Septic Tank

 Methane Gas –(CH4) Hydrogen and Carbon
 Carbon Dioxide –(CO2) Carbon and Oxygen
 Hydrogen Gas –a moist gas from organic waste
 Hydrogen Sulfite –calories gas with offensive odor
 Carbon Monoxide –Product of Methane gas
 Sulfur Dioxide –(SO2) colorless and irritative gas
Design of Septic Tank/ Location and
Features
 Rectangular in form of Concrete Masonry
 Should be located not less 15 meters away from potable water to
prevent contamination
 If public sewer exist, septic tank is not allowed
 Septic Tank should be constructed beneath the ground because
oxidation of an aerobic bacteria will only survive on the sub soak at
1.50 m deep.
 Water content should be 1.20 m.
 Provide air space of .30 m.
 Provide cover on manhole and extend up to the top most of the earth.
 Septic tank should not be placed inside the house.
 The base of the digestive chamber should be sloping (1:10)
 The inlets and outlets are submerged and arranged so as not to disturb
the sludge or SCUM
Technical Data in determining Volume
of Septic Tank
Minimum Width = 0.90 meters
Minimum Length = 1.50 meters
Minimum Depth = 1.20 meters
For Residential = allocate 0.14 to 0.17 cubic meter of
liquid per person
To serve 12 persons = not more than 2.0 cu.meters
For school commercial &industrial establishment =
volume should not be less than 0.057 cu. Meters nor
more than 0.086 cu. Meters per person
Problem: Determine the size of a Septic tank to serve 200
persons in a commercial building.
Given: Commercial Building

200 person
Required: size of septic tank
Solution:
a. Determine the Volume (V)
V = l x w x h ; V = 200 person x 0.057 cu.m./person; V = 11.4
cu.m.
11.4cu.m. = l x w x h ; min. depth = 1.50 meters
11.4cu.m. = l x w x 1.5 m ; unknown= l & w
b. Determine the width(w)
assume 1.00m for every 100 persons ; w = 2.0m
c. Solve for length(l) of the Digestive Chamber
11.4cu.m = l x 2.om x 1.5m ; 11.4cu.m/2.0mx1.5m = l ; l = 3.80
meters
d. Determine the Total length of Septic Tank (Lt) 2 chamber
Lt = l + l/2
Lt = 3.8m + 3.8m/2
Lt = 5.70 m
e. If 3 chamber
Lt = l + l/2 + l/2
Lt = 3.8m + 3.8m/2 + 3.8m/2
Lt = 7.6 meters
f. Size of the Septic Tank
2 chamber = 5.7 m x 2.0m x 1.5m
3 chamber = 7.6m x 2.0m x 1.5m

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

(Treatment & Recycling)

Waste refers to useless,

A system for disposing of sewage, whether by means o

1. Garbage is any animal and/or vegetable

2. Rubbish consists of a variety of both

3. Ashes are left overs from any burnt or

5. Street Refuse are materials picked up

6. Dead Animals refers to the animals

7. Abandoned Vehicles are

9. Demolition Refuse are refuse or

10. Construction Refuse are waste

 Collection of waste water that

It can be used for the temporary

Gaseous Elements Produced in the Septic Tank

Given: Commercial Building

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