The document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques used in engineering drawings. Orthographic projection shows objects from front, side, top or bottom views positioned according to first- or third-angle projection rules. Multiview projection establishes an object's true dimensions using front, top and side principal views along with additional views arranged in the American standard arrangement.
The document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques used in engineering drawings. Orthographic projection shows objects from front, side, top or bottom views positioned according to first- or third-angle projection rules. Multiview projection establishes an object's true dimensions using front, top and side principal views along with additional views arranged in the American standard arrangement.
The document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques used in engineering drawings. Orthographic projection shows objects from front, side, top or bottom views positioned according to first- or third-angle projection rules. Multiview projection establishes an object's true dimensions using front, top and side principal views along with additional views arranged in the American standard arrangement.
The document discusses orthographic projection and multiview projection techniques used in engineering drawings. Orthographic projection shows objects from front, side, top or bottom views positioned according to first- or third-angle projection rules. Multiview projection establishes an object's true dimensions using front, top and side principal views along with additional views arranged in the American standard arrangement.
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ENGINEERING
DRAWING AND PLANS CVE 103D
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION • "Orthographic" comes from the Greek word for "straight writing (or drawing)." This projection shows the object as it looks from the front, right, left, top, bottom, or back, and are typically positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first-angle or third-angle projection.
• Third angle projection is primarily used in the United States and Canada, places the left view on the left and the top view on the top.
• When you are called upon to draw a three-dimensional object or figure, it is customary to represent the parts and forms on the flat plane of the drafting paper in such a manner that all features are shown in their true dimensions and in their true relationship with other features on that part of the object. To do this, you must draw a number of views of the object from different angles. Projecting these essential views into a single plane is known as ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION. The term orthographic is derived from the word orthos meaning perpendicular or right-angular. MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
When an object is viewed through a plane of projection from a point at infinity, an
accurate outline of the visible face of the object is obtained. However, the projection of one face usually will not provide an overall description of the object; other planes of projection must be used. Establishing an object’s true height, width, and depth requires front, top, and side views, which are called the PRINCIPAL PLANES OF PROJECTION. Figure 4.5 shows the three principal (or primary) planes of projection, known as the VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, and PROFILE PLANES. The angles formed between the horizontal and the vertical planes are called the FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, and FOURTH ANGLES, as indicated in the figure. Currently, however, for technical reasons, only the use of first- and third-angle projection is practical. USE OF MITER LINE USE OF A MITER LINE — A miter line (fig. 4.7) offers a convenient method of laying out a third view while you are in the process of drawing two views. Place the miter line (fig. 4.7, view B) to the right of the top view at a convenient distance, keeping the appearance of a balanced drawing. Draw light projection lines from the top view to the miter line (fig. 4.7, view C), then vertically downward (fig. 4.7, view D). Using the front view, draw horizontal projection lines (fig. 4.7, view E) to the right, intersecting the vertical projection lines. The result of this procedure is the outline and placement of the right side view (fig. 4.7, view F). ARRANGEMENT OF VIEWS ARRANGEMENT OF VIEWS.— The six principal views of an object drawn in a third-angle projection are arranged according to the American standard arrangement of views. This arrangement (practiced since the late 1800s) depicts the relative position of the six principal views and their relationship to each other on a drafting plane.
As shown in figure 4.8, all views (except the front view) are rotated toward the observer as though they are hinged. REMEMBER, the front
Figure 4.8-American standard arrangement of views in a six-view third-angle multi-view
projection. View always lies in the plane of the drafting surface and does not require any rotation. Notice that the front, right side, left side, and rear views lineup in direct horizontal projection.
Use the minimum number of views necessary to show an item. The three principal views are the top, front, and right-side. The TOP VIEW (also called a PLAN in architectural drawings) is projected to and drawn on an image plane above the front view of the object. The FRONT VIEW (ELEVATION) should show the most characteristic shape of the object or its most natural appearance when observed in its permanent or fixed position. The RIGHT-SIDE VIEW (ELEVATION) is located at a right angle to the front and top views, making all the views mutually perpendicular. ACTIVITY (PLATE #7) TOP VIEW FRONT VIEW RIGHT-SIDE VIEW ASSIGNMENT: THANK YOU!
