Multiview Drawing

LESSON THREE
(MULTI-VIEW DRAWING)
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson you are expected to:
• Identify the six principal views of an object

• Identify the three main projection planes
• Formulate Orthographic Projection drawing in 3rd angle projection
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INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Multi-view drawings are conventional projections of a three dimensional

object on a two dimensional plane. Anything which is going to be produced
or constructed is based on the proposal given by multi-view drawings. For
example, buildings, machines, office equipment and so on. By this
projection convention engineers, architects, draftsman can communicate
with each other even if they don’t speak common language. The basic rules
and principles of orthographic projection will be discussed on this chapter.
Projection is the image of an object represented (drawn on a plane of

projection /picture plane) as it would appear to the observer stationed at
a point and viewing along the direction of line of projection.
Projectors / lines of projection are imaginary lines that emerge from

observer’s eyes and moves to contour of an object. Station point is the
location of an observer.
Plane of projection / picture plane are an imaginary plane on which the

image of an objected is represent / drawn. The plane on which principal
view of an object is represented / drawn is called principal plane. The
planes are assumed to expand infinitely and transparent.
Six (6) Principal Views of an Object: Although there are six principal
views that can be drawn in an object, only the three regular views (Three
planes of projection) are normally required in the preparation of a
working plan.
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Three planes of projection are used in orthographic drawing. These are
called the horizontal plane which represents top view, frontal plane,
which represents front view and the profile plane which represents right-
side view
The planes of projection join and form quadrants. The quadrants are called
first angle, second angle, third angle, and fourth angle. The first and the
third quadrants are used for drafting purposes.
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INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is a process of representing three-dimensional

objects in two dimensions. It is used as an unambiguous and accurate
way of providing information, primarily for manufacturing and detail
design.
To define the six principal views or orthographic views there are two methods:
• Natural method and

• Glass box method
1. Natural method: Each of the necessary view is obtained by looking

directly at the particular side of the object the view is to represent. In
this case, the object will be revolved to produce the six basic views or
the observer move around the object.
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2. Glass box method: Most powerful technique to understand
orthographic projections.
• Suspend the object with transparent strings inside a glass box.
• Fix the view from each direction (each of the six sides of the box) and unfold
the box.
System of Projection
To represent the six principal views (front, rare, top, bottom, right side and
left side) of an object, multi-view drawing uses orthographic projection.
The representation can be done using:

• First angle and
• Third angle projection technique.
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First angel projection
Taking front view as reference, in first angle projection, when right side
view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the left of front view and the top
view is drawn below front view. The layout is as shown in (a
Taking front view as reference, in first angle projection, when left side view
of an object is taken; it is drawn to the right of front view and the top view
is drawn below front view. The layout is as shown in (a)
Third angle projection
Taking front view as reference, in third angle projection, when right side
view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the right of front view and the top
view is drawn above front view. The layout is as shown in (a)
Taking front view as reference, in third angle projection, when left side
view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the left of front view and the top
view is drawn above the front view. The lay out is shown in (b)
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Below is an example of an Orthographic Drawing done in a third angle
projection:
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Multiview Drawing

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LESSON THREE

• Identify the six principal views of an object

Multi-view drawings are conventional projections of a three dimensional

Projection is the image of an object represented (drawn on a plane of

Projectors / lines of projection are imaginary lines that emerge from

Plane of projection / picture plane are an imaginary plane on which the

Orthographic projection is a process of representing three-dimensional

• Natural method and

1. Natural method: Each of the necessary view is obtained by looking

The representation can be done using:

Third angle projection

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