EC303

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A. Kishtanna
Designation : Sr. Lecturer in E C E
Branch : Electronics & Commn. Engg.
Institute : 062, GPW, Nizamabad
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Circuit Theory
Subject code : EC-303
Topic : Circuit transients & Linear wave
shaping
Duration : 100 Mts.
Sub-topic : Transient analysis of series RLC
Circuit for over damped case.
Teaching Aids : PPT,Circuits and diagrams
EC303.77 to 78 1
Objectives :
On completion of this period, you would be able to:
• Know the equation for current in series RLC circuit
• Know the behavior of the circuit for different conditions
EC303.77 to 78 2
Recap:
• In the last periods we studied the response of series

RC transient and RL transient
• Derived the equations for current, voltages and

powers
EC303.77 to 78 3
Analysis of DC R-L-C Transient (series)
i
R
V +
L
Fig 77 to78.1
• As shown in the figure a constant voltage V is applied at
t= 0 when the switch is closed
EC303.77 to 78 4
• By applying KVL to the loop we get the following integro
differential equation
• R i + L di/dt +1/C∫ i dt = V --------(1)
• Differentiating the equation (1) we get,
• R di/dt + L (d2i/dt2) + i/C = 0
• Dividing the above equation by L we get,
• (D2 + D(R/L) + 1/LC) = 0 --------(2)
EC303.77 to 78 5
• From the above equation , it is a second order linear
differential equation of type
• Homogeneous with a particular solution zero and

complementary function depends on the relative magnitude
of R, L and C
• Then the characteristic equation is given by
• D2 + D(R/L) + 1/LC = 0 -------(3)
EC303.77 to 78 6
• The roots of the above quadratic equation are
D1    R / L   R / L  4 / L C / 2or
2
 R / 2L 
2
 R / 2L   1/ LC
D2    R / L   R / L  4 / L C / 2or
2
 R / 2L 
2
 R / 2L   1/ LC
EC303.77 to 78 7
• To simplify the analysis
 R / 2L 
2
• Let α = -R/2L and β =  1 / Lc
• Then D1 = α + β and D2 = α – β
• The radicand of β can be positive, zero or negative
• Then the solution is called as Over damped, critically

damped or Under damped
EC303.77 to 78 8
Case 1:- (R/2L)2 > 1/LC
• The roots D1 and D2 are real and unequal resulting in the
over damped case. Then equation (2) can be written in

factored form as
• { D – (α + β)}{ D – (α – β)}i = 0 ------(4)
• Then the solution of the above differential equation is
• i = C1e(α + β)t + C2e(α – β)t or
= eαt(C1eβt + C2e-βt) ----------(5)

EC303.77 to 78 9
Case 2:- (R/2L)2 = 1/LC
• Roots D1 and D2 are equal and real then the solution is

critically damped
• Then the equation (2) can be written in factored form
• {(D-α) (D-α)}i = 0 ------(6)
• The solution of the above equation is given by
• i = eαt(C1 + C2t) ----------(7)
EC303.77 to 78 10
Case3:- (R/2L)2 < 1/LC
• Roots D1 and D2 are complex conjugate and the solution is

under damped (Oscillatory)
• Then the equation (2) can be written in factored form as
• {D-(α+jβ)} {D-(α-jβ)}i = 0 ------(8)
• Then the solution is
• i = eαt(C1cosβt + C2sinβt) ------(9)
EC303.77 to 78 11
• The current in all the cases contains the term eαt
• Since α = -R/2L therefore the final value of the term eαt is

zero
• Assuming that the complementary function decays in a

relatively short time
• Then the current curves for the three cases are drawn as
shown below
EC303.77 to 78 12
Current i
0
Case1 t
Fig77 to 78.2(overdamped case)
EC303.77 to 78 13
Current i
0
Case2 t
Fig77 & 78.3(Critically damped case)
EC303.77 to 78 14
Current i
0
t
Case3
Fig77 to 78.4(Under damped case)
EC303.77 to 78 15
Worked out Problem
• A series RLC circuit with R = 200Ώ and L = 0.1H is to be

made critically damped by the selection of the capacitance.
Find the required value of C
• Solution:-
• We know that for critically damped circuit the radicand β = 0
 R / 2L 
2
i.e  1/ LC  0
EC303.77 to 78 16
Worked out Problem
• R/2L)2 – 1/LC = 0
• (R/2L)2 = 1/LC
• (200/2x0.1)2 = 1/0.1xC
• Therefore C = (2x0.1/200)2 x 1/0.1
= 10μF
EC303.77 to 78 17
Summary
• In series RLC circuit the response depends on the relative

values of the R, L and C
• When (R/2L)2 > 1/LC then the response is Overdamped
• When (R/2L)2 = 1/LC then the response is critically damped
• When (R/2L)2 < 1/LC then the response is Under damped
EC303.77 to 78 18
Quiz
3. The condition for Critically damped case is
(a) R = XL
(b) R = XC
(c) (R/2L)2 = 1/LC
(d) None of the above
EC303.77 to 78 19
1. The condition for Over damped case is
(a) XL = XC
(b) R = XL
(c) (R/2L)2 = 1/LC
(d) (R/2L)2 > 1/LC
EC303.77 to 78 20
Questions
3. Explain the DC response of series RLC circuit
6. Find the current in a series RLC circuit after closing a switch
at t=0 with R=200Ώ, L=0.1H and C= 100μF by a DC voltage
source of 200V by assuming zero initial charge across
capacitor.
EC303.77 to 78 21

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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

On completion of this period, you would be able to:

• Know the equation for current in series RLC circuit

• Know the behavior of the circuit for different conditions

• In the last periods we studied the response of series

• Derived the equations for current, voltages and

• R i + L di/dt +1/C∫ i dt = V --------(1)

• Differentiating the equation (1) we get,

• R di/dt + L (d2i/dt2) + i/C = 0

• Dividing the above equation by L we get,

• (D2 + D(R/L) + 1/LC) = 0 --------(2)

• Homogeneous with a particular solution zero and

• Then the characteristic equation is given by

• D2 + D(R/L) + 1/LC = 0 -------(3)

• The radicand of β can be positive, zero or negative

• Then the solution is called as Over damped, critically

• The roots D1 and D2 are real and unequal resulting in the

over damped case. Then equation (2) can be written in

• { D – (α + β)}{ D – (α – β)}i = 0 ------(4)

• Then the solution of the above differential equation is

• i = C1e(α + β)t + C2e(α – β)t or

= eαt(C1eβt + C2e-βt) ----------(5)

• Roots D1 and D2 are equal and real then the solution is

• Then the equation (2) can be written in factored form

• {(D-α) (D-α)}i = 0 ------(6)

• The solution of the above equation is given by

• i = eαt(C1 + C2t) ----------(7)

• Roots D1 and D2 are complex conjugate and the solution is

• Then the equation (2) can be written in factored form as

• {D-(α+jβ)} {D-(α-jβ)}i = 0 ------(8)

• Then the solution is

• i = eαt(C1cosβt + C2sinβt) ------(9)

• Since α = -R/2L therefore the final value of the term eαt is

• Assuming that the complementary function decays in a

Fig77 to 78.2(overdamped case)

Fig77 & 78.3(Critically damped case)

Fig77 to 78.4(Under damped case)

• A series RLC circuit with R = 200Ώ and L = 0.1H is to be

• We know that for critically damped circuit the radicand β = 0

• Therefore C = (2x0.1/200)2 x 1/0.1

• In series RLC circuit the response depends on the relative

• When (R/2L)2 > 1/LC then the response is Overdamped

• When (R/2L)2 = 1/LC then the response is critically damped

• When (R/2L)2 < 1/LC then the response is Under damped

3. The condition for Critically damped case is

(c) (R/2L)2 = 1/LC

(d) None of the above

(c) (R/2L)2 = 1/LC

(d) (R/2L)2 > 1/LC

3. Explain the DC response of series RLC circuit

6. Find the current in a series RLC circuit after closing a switch

at t=0 with R=200Ώ, L=0.1H and C= 100μF by a DC voltage

source of 200V by assuming zero initial charge across

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