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    Expt 5.1

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    Joel Catapang
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity to analyze series RL circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics like impedance, current, and voltage drops using calculated and measured values. Students will build and test series RL circuits with one and two inductors, measuring voltage, current, and comparing results to calculations. The objectives are to understand series RL circuit behavior and verify calculations with measurements using an oscilloscope.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Expt 5.1

    Uploaded by

    Joel Catapang
    211 views6 pages
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity to analyze series RL circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics like impedance, current, and voltage drops using calculated and measured values. Students will build and test series RL circuits with one and two inductors, measuring voltage, current, and comparing results to calculations. The objectives are to understand series RL circuit behavior and verify calculations with measurements using an oscilloscope.

    Original Description:

    IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS: SERIES RL CIRCUITS

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    This document describes an electrical engineering activity to analyze series RL circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics like impedance, current, and voltage drops using calculated and measured values. Students will build and test series RL circuits with one and two inductors, measuring voltage, current, and comparing results to calculations. The objectives are to understand series RL circuit behavior and verify calculations with measurements using an oscilloscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    211 views6 pages

    Expt 5.1

    Uploaded by

    Joel Catapang
    This document describes an electrical engineering activity to analyze series RL circuits. The activity aims to determine circuit characteristics like impedance, current, and voltage drops using calculated and measured values. Students will build and test series RL circuits with one and two inductors, measuring voltage, current, and comparing results to calculations. The objectives are to understand series RL circuit behavior and verify calculations with measurements using an oscilloscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    ACTIVITY 5A

    IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS: SERIES RL CIRCUITS

    5A.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity

    b. ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
    d. ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
    e. ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
    g. ability to communicate effectively

    5A.2 Activity’s Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)


    At the end of this activity, the student shall be able to:
    a. measure properly the voltage and current in a series RL circuit.
    b. calculate the voltage and current in a series RL circuit.
    c. evaluate results by comparing measured and calculated values.

    5A.3 Objectives of the Activity


    The objectives of this activity are to:
    1. determine the characteristics of series RL circuits using calculated and measured
    values.

    2. verify the results with the oscilloscope.

    5A.4 Principle of the Activity

    Many RL circuits contain multiple resistors and inductors that are in series. The total
    inductive reactance of a circuit is determined in much the same way as total circuit
    resistance. When inductors are in series, the total inductive reactance (XLT) is the sum of
    the individual reactances.
    XLT = XL1 + XL2 + XL3 + …
    The total inductive reactance increases as the number of inductors in series
    increases. The result is lower circuit and higher circuit impedance. As in circuits with
    resistors only, the current flowing through each component in a series RL circuit is the
    same. Figure 2.1-1 shows a series RL circuit.

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS


    Figure 2.1-1
    Circuit impedance (Z) is the square root of the sum of the squares of the total
    resistance (RT) and the total inductive resistance (XLT). For the circuit in Figure 2.1-1, Z is
    determined as follows.
    RT = R1 + R2 + R3 XLT = XL1 + XL2
    RT = 1,000 + 200 + 500 XLT = 1,000 + 1500
    RT = 1, 700 Ω XLT = 2, 500 Ω

    Z= √(𝑅 𝑇2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑇 2 )
    Z= √(17002 + 25002 )
    Z= √(9, 140, 000)
    Z= 3, 023 Ω

    To applied voltage (Vac), Z, and Ohm’s law is then used to determine the circuit current.
    I-T = V-ac/Z
    I-T = 8/3023
    I-T = 0.00265 mApk-pk (2.65 mApk-pk)

    Voltage drops across individual components are determined from the circuit current,
    Ohm’s law, and the resistance or reactance of the individual component. For example, the
    voltage drop across L1 (VL1) in Figure 2.1-1 is as shown.

    VL1 = I x XL1
    VL1 = 0.00265 x 1000
    VL1 = 2.65 Vpk-pk

    In circuits with resistors only, the sum of the voltage drop across each resistor equals the
    applied voltage. In RL circuits, however, the applied voltage does not equal the sum of the
    voltage drops, but the square root of the sum of the squares of the voltage drops. For the
    circuit in Figure 2.1-1, Vac is determined by the following formula.

    Vac = √(𝑉𝑅𝑇 2 + 𝑉𝑋𝐿𝑇 2 )𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

    Figure 2.1-2 shows this relationship in a phasor diagram. If the voltage drops in the circuit
    in Figure 2.1-1 were added together, the sum would be greater than the applied voltage
    (Vac).

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS


    Figure 2.1-2

    5A.5 Materials/Equipment

    1- F. A. C. E. T. Base Unit
    1- AC 1 FNDAMENTALS Circuit Board
    2- 15 Vdc Power supply
    1- Oscilloscope, dual trace
    1- Multimeter
    1- Generator, sine wave
    5A.6 Circuit Diagrams / Figures / Source Codes (if Applicable)

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS


    5A.7 Procedure/s
    1. Turn off the power sources. Insert the AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS circuit board into the
    base unit. Install the GENRATOR BUFFER if required. Turn on the power sources.
    2. On the INDUCTANCE/ INDUCTIVE REACTANCE circuit block, connect the circuit
    shown in Figure 2.1-3. Adjust the VGEN for a 10Vpk-pk, 1 kHz sine wave. What type of
    circuit is shown in Figure 2.1-3? ___________________________.
    3. Measure the voltage drops across R1 (VR1) and L3 (VL3) by using your oscilloscope
    Record your results in Table 2.1-1.
    NOTE: Use the ADD-INVERT method to measure the voltage drop across R1
    VR1 VL1 VGEN VR1 + VL
    √(V𝑅1 2 + VR1 + VL3 2 )

    Table 2.1-1
    4. Add VR1 and VL1’ and record your results in Table 2.1-1. Does the sum of the voltage
    drops equal the amplitude of the applied voltage (VGEN = VR1 and VL1)? ______________

    5. Determine the square root of the sum of the squares of VR1 and VL3. Record your result
    in table 2.1-3. Does this result equal the applied voltage of VR1 and VL3 ? _____________

    𝑉𝑔𝑒𝑛 = √(V𝑅1 2 + VR1 + VL3 2 )

    NOTE: Your result will not be exact. It will differ slightly due to the resistance of L3 and
    typical measurement errors. _______________________________________________.

    6. Measure circuit current by using current-sensing resistor R2. Record your result in the
    Table 2.1-2. (Be sure to remove the two post connectors shorting R2 only when taking-the
    current measurement. Replace the two-post connector after measurement.) __________

    SERIES RL CIRCUIT WITH SERIES RL CIRCUIT WITH


    SINGLE INDUCTOR (L3) 2 INDUCTORS (L1 AND L2)
    I
    Z
    Table 2.1-2
    7. Determine the value of Z from VGEN and IT[Z=VGEN / IT (measured)]. Record your
    result in Table 2.1-2.

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS


    8. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2.1-4 to essentially add an inductor in series.
    Adjust VGEN if necessary, for a 10 Vpk-pk’ 20 kHz sine wave.

    9. Calculate and XLT’ RT’ and Z(XLT’=XL1+XL2’ RT = R1’ Z = √(RT2 + XLT2).

    NOTE: Because there are no other resistors in the circuit and because we are ignoring
    coil resistance, RT=Rr
    XLT=________ RT=________Ω, Z=________Ω
    10. Calculate and record circuit current (I = VGEN / Z). I = ______A
    11. Measure IT, and record your result in Table 2.1-2. Did the added series inductor
    increase or decrease the circuit current?
    IT = ________ A , ________
    12. Determine the measured value of Z [Z (measured) = VGEN/ I (measured)]. Record
    your result in Table 2.1-2. Did the added series inductor increase or decrease circiut
    impedance?
    Z=________ Ω , ________
    13. Turn off the power sources and remove all circuit board connections.

    Calculations

    Observations (if applicable)

    Conclusion/s

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS


    5A.8.5 Rating (See Attached Rubric)

    ACTIVITY 5.1: IMPEDANCE OF RL CIRCUITS

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