CSC 113 Lecture 3
CSC 113 Lecture 3
CSC 113 Lecture 3
LECTURE 3
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING
DR. ZUBAIR ADAM
DEAPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY 1
Course Overview
The hardware refers to the physical components or functional units of a computer which make up the
computer configuration
The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or
configuration
The hardware components provide the physical interface to a computer system
The hardware is divided into three areas or separate units for its operation:
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor
Main Memory
Peripheral Units or Electrical Gadgets
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Functional Units of a computer
The physical parts that make up a computer consists mainly of four basic units, these parts are known as
hardware, namely:
Input unit,
Storage unit,
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor
Output unit.
Any hardware device connected to the computer or any part of the computer outside the CPU and the
working memory is known as a Peripherals
Central Processing unit further includes Arithmetic logic unit and control unit, as shown in the Figure
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Functional
Units of a
computer
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Hardware
Components
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Functional Units of a computer
A computer performs five major operations or functions irrespective of its size and make. These are
1. it accepts data or instructions as input,
2. it stores data and instruction
3. it processes data as per the instructions,
4. it controls all operations inside a computer, and
5. it gives results in the form of output.
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Input Devices
Input Devices
Examples of Input Device
Keyboard
Pointing Devices
Graphic and Video Input Devices
Audio Input Devices
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Input Devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Touchscreen
• Graphic tablet
• Microphone
• Scanner
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1
Keyboard
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Types of Keyboard
• Standard
• Laptop
• Gaming and Multimedia
• Thumb-sized
• Virtual
• Foldable
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1
Standard
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Laptop Keyboard
• QWERTY
• QWERTZ
• AZERTY
• DVORAK
Keyboard Layouts
QWERTY
Key Types
Punctuation .,!“?
• Example:
– Mouse
– Trackball
Mouse
Pointing Devices
• Mechanical: Has a rubber or
metal ball on its underside that
can roll in all directions.
• Optical: Uses a laser to
detect the mouse's
movement.
Trackball
• Example:
– Touchpad
– Graphic tablet
– Touch screen
– Light pen
– Stylus
Touchpad
• A touchscreen is an
electronic visual display that
can detect the presence and
location of a touch within the
display area.
• The term generally refers to
touching the display of the
device with a finger or hand.
Light Pen
• Example:
– Joystick
– Gamepad
Joystick
• A joystick allows an
individual to move an
object in a game such as
navigating a plane in a
flight simulator.
Input Devices
• A webcam is a hardware
camera connected to a
computer that allows anyone
connected to the Internet to
view either still pictures or
motion video of a user or
other object.
Optical Scanner
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Fingerprint Scanner
• A fingerprint scanner or
fingerprint reader is a
hardware device that verifies a
user or enters password
information by scanning their
finger.
Barcode Reader
• A microphone is a
hardware peripheral that
allows computer users to
input audio into their
computers.
MIDI Keyboard
Output Devices
Examples of Output Device
Printer
Monitor
Speakers
Projector
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Output Devices
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Examples of Output Device
• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Projector
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Monitor
Monochrome Monitor
• A monochrome monitor is a type of CRT
computer display which was very common in
the early days of computing, from the 1960s
through the 1980s, before colour monitors
became popular.
• They are still widely used in applications such
as computerized cash register systems
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Monochrome Monitor
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Colour monitor
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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Large
Heavy
Produce heat
Not expensive
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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Less space
Lighter
Low power consumption
Expensive
Limited viewing angle
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Light-emitting Diode (LED)
Less space
Lighter
Very expensive
Provide higher contrast and better viewing angles
than LCD monitor
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Monitor Features
Screen Size
The actual amount of screen space
that is available to display a picture,
video or working space
Desktop screens are usually 14 - 25
inches by diagonal measurement.
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Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a display is the fractional relation of the width of
the display area compared to its height.
Two common aspect ratio:
– 4:3
– 16:9
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Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio
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Monitor Features
Display Resolution
• The resolution of a monitor indicates how densely packed the pixels are.
• In general, the more pixels (often expressed in dots per inch), the sharper
the image.
• Most modern monitors can display 1024 by 768 pixels, the SVGA
standard.
• Some high-end models can display 1280 by 1024, or even 1600 by 1200
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Monitor Features
Display Resolution
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Monitor Features
Refresh Rate
• The refresh rate is the number of times in a second that a monitor draws the
data.
• The refresh rate for a monitor is measured in hertz (Hz)
• The standard refresh rate is 75Hz, this means that the monitor redraws the display
75 times per second.
• A flickering monitor can contribute to eyestrain and
headaches.
• The faster the refresh rate, the less the monitor
flickers.
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Monitor Features
Colour Depth
• Colour depth describes how many colours that can be displayed on a
monitor's screen.
• Common colour depths used by monitor:
– 4-bit (EGA) = 16 colours
– 8-bit (VGA) = 256 colours
– 16-bit (High Colour) = 65,536 colours
– 24-bit (True Colour) = 16 million colours
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Monitor Features
Color Depth
EGA VGA
Monitor Monitor
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Printer
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Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel
• Similar to a ball-head typewriter, this type of printer has a plastic
or metal wheel on which the shape of each character stands out
in relief.
• A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn
makes an ink stain in the shape of the character on the paper.
• Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but
cannot print graphics. 80
Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel
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Impact Printer
Dot-Matrix
Creates characters by striking
pins against an ink ribbon.
Each pin makes a dot, and
combinations of dots form
characters and illustrations.
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Non-Impact Printer
Advantages Disadvantages
• Quiet • More expensive
• Can handle graphics and often • Occupies a lot of space
a wider variety of fonts than • The cost of maintaining it is
impact printers high
• Fast
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Non-Impact Printer
Multifunction Printer
(Toner-based)
• An MFP is an office machine which
incorporates the functionality of
multiple devices in one.
• A typical MFP may act as a
combination of some or all of the
following devices:
– Printer
– Scanner
– Photocopier
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– Fax
Non-Impact Printer
Ink-jet Printer
• Inkjet printer operates by propelling
variably-sized droplets of liquid or
molten material (ink) onto almost
any sized page.
• They are the most common type of
computer printer used by
consumers.
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Non-Impact Printer
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Speakers
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Headphones
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Projector
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Types of projector
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