Python

• By – Mr. Sachin K. Dahake

 What is Python?
• Python is a popular programming language. It
was created by Guido van Rossum, and
released in 1991.
• It is used for:
– web development (server-side),
– software development,
– mathematics,
– system scripting.
 What can Python do?
• On a server to create web applications.
• Alongside software to create workflows.
• Connect to database systems. It can also read
and modify files.
• To handle big data and perform complex
mathematics.
• Rapid prototyping, or for production-ready
software development.
 Why Python?
• Works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux,
Raspberry Pi, etc.).
• Has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
• Has syntax that allows developers to write programs with
fewer lines than some other programming languages.
• Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code
can be executed as soon as it is written. This means that
prototyping can be very quick.
• Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-
oriented way or a functional way.
 How to install Python?
• Download for free from the following
website: https://www.python.org/
• And install the python.
 Character Set
• Character set is the set of valid characters that a
language can recognize. A character represents any
letter, digit or any other symbol. Python has the
following character sets:
– Letters – A to Z, a to z
– Digits – 0 to 9
– Special Symbols - + - * / etc.
– Whitespaces – Blank Space, tab, carriage return, newline,
form feed
– Other characters – Python can process all ASCII and Unicode
characters as part of data or literals
 Token
• In a passage of text, individual words and punctuation
marks are called tokens lexical unite or lexical
elements. The smallest individual unit in a program is
called token. Python has the following tokens:
I. Keyword
II. Identifiers
III. Literals
IV. Operators
V. Punctuator
 Keyword
• Used to give special meaning to the interpreter and are used by
Python interpreter to recognize the structure of program.
These are reserved for special purpose and must not be used as
normal identifier names.
false await else import pass
none break except in raise
true class finally is return
and continue for lambda try
as def from nonlocal while
assert del global not with
async elif if or yield
 Identifiers
• A Identifiers can have a short name (like x and y) or a
more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume).
• Rules for Python identifier/variable:
– A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore
character
– A variable name cannot start with a number
– A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters
and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
– Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are
three different variables)
– Keywords cannot used as variables.
 Example
• myvar = "John"
• my_var = "John"
• _my_var = "John"
• myVar = "John"
• MYVAR = "John"
• myvar2 = "John"
• 2myvar = "John"
• my-var = "John"
• my var = "John"
 Multi Words Variable Names
• Variable names with more than one word can
be difficult to read.
• There are several techniques you can use to
make them more readable:
 Camel Case
• Each word, except the first, starts with a
capital letter:
• Ex - myVariableName = "John"
 Pascal Case
• Each word starts with a capital letter:
• Ex - MyVariableName = "John"
 Snake Case
• Each word is separated by an underscore
character:
• Ex - my_variable_name = "John"
 Data Types
Data Type Declaration Example
Text str x = "Hello World"
Numeric int, float, complex x = 20, x = 20.4, x = 20j
Sequence list, tuple, range x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
Mapping dict x = {"name" : “Sachin", "age" : 39}
Set set, frozenset x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
Boolean bool x = True

Binary bytes, bytearray, x = b"Hello"

memoryview
 Input
• Python 3.6 uses the input() method.
• Python 2.7 uses the raw_input() method.
• Ex
– myname = input("Enter your name:")
– myname = raw_input("Enter your name:")
– num1 = input("Enter number:")
 Output
• print("My name is Sachin!")

• x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"

print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
• x = "awesome"
print("Python is " + x)

• x=5
y = 10
print(x + y)
print('a','tutorial','on','python','print','function',sep='\n')

• a
• tutorial
• on
• python
• print
• function
print('a','tutorial','on','python','print','function',sep=',')

• a,tutorial,on,python,print,function

• a=2
b = "Sachin"
print("%d is an integer while %s is a string."%(a,b))

• 2 is an integer while Sachin is a string.

• my_name = input("Enter your name:")
print("Your name is: " + my_name)

• Your name is: Sachin

 Comment
• Comments starts with a #, and Python will
ignore them:
• #This is a comment
 Addition of two numbers
x = input("Enter number x:")
y = input("Enter number y:")
z=x+y
print(z)
 Swapping of two numbers
x = input("Enter number x:")
y = input("Enter number y:")
z=x
x=y
y=z
print("x: %d and y: %d" %(x,y))
 Condition
• Python supports the usual logical conditions
from mathematics
• Equals: a == b
• Not Equals: a != b
• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to: a >= b
 If statement
• if condition then
– True condition statements.

Yes
if
condition

No
 If Statement
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
 If else statement
• if condition then
– True condition statements.
• else
– False condition statements.
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
 Nested if else
if(Condition1):
Indented statement block for Condition1
elif(Condition2):
Indented statement block for Condition2
else:
Alternate statement block if all condition
check above fails
 Loops
• Python has two primitive loop commands:
– while loops
– for loops
• Loops have 3 sections –
– Initialization
– End condition
– Increment/decrement of loop
 while loop
• With the while loop we can execute a set of
statements as long as a condition is true.
• Ex
i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
 for loop
for val in list_item:
statements of for body loop

FruitList = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(FruitList)
FruitList = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in FruitList:
print(x)

for x in “Sachin":
print(x)
for i in range(0,11):
sm = sm + i

for x in range(20, 10, -1):

print(x)
for x in range(6):
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")

0
1
2
3
4
5
Finally finished!