WELCOME to

Class
Hi !
I’m Maam Mench
CLASSROOM ROUTINES AND PROCEDURES

 Show respect by listening to the teacher and to the

one who is talking.
 There should be no cross-room conversations
during work time.
 Be responsible in completing the task.
 Always observe social distancing.
 Wear your facemask properly.
MELC
•Differentiate basis features and importance
of photosynthesis and respiration.

The learners should be able to :

1. Identify the raw materials and products of
light-dependent reaction and light
independent reaction; and
2. Describe the steps in light-dependent
reaction and light independent reaction.
eLICIT
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?

What are the products of photosynthesis?

What is the chemical equation of

photosynthesis?
engage
explore
 Questions:
What’s the Reaction? 1. What is the name of the organelle?
2. Is this organelle more likely to be found in
The picture shows the chloroplast, the site of animal cell or plant cell?
photosynthesis. Analyze the picture and the chemical 3. The structures inside the organelle are called
reaction of the process to answer the questions. thylakoids. What compound necessary for
photosynthesis is contained in the thylakoids?
4. Consider the chemical reaction of the process.
What substances are the reactants in
photosynthesis?
5. How much carbon dioxide is needed in
photosynthesis?
6. Where in the organelle are these molecules
stored before they are used in the process?
7. What is the energy source for photosynthesis?
8. What substances are produced during
photosynthesis?
9. Photosynthesis occurs in two parts- the light-
dependent reactions and the light-independent
reactions.
a. In what part of the chloroplast do the light-
dependent reactions occur?
b. In what part of the chloroplast do the light-
independent reactions occur?
 What’s the Reaction? Question:
1. What is the name of the organelle?
The picture shows the chloroplast, the site of
photosynthesis. Analyze the picture and the chemical CHLOROPLAST
reaction of the process to answer the questions. 2. Is this organelle more likely to be found
in animal cell or plant cell?

PLANT CELL
3. The structures inside the organelle are
called thylakoids. What compound
necessary for photosynthesis is contained
in the thylakoids?
CHLOROPHYLL
4. Consider the chemical reaction of the
process. What substances are the
reactants in photosynthesis?
CO2, H2O, LIGHT ENERGY
 What’s the Reaction?
5. How much carbon dioxide is needed in
The picture shows the chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis?
photosynthesis. Analyze the picture and the chemical SIX CARBON
reaction of the process to answer the questions.
DIOXIDE
6. Where in the organelle are these
molecules stored before they are used in
the process?
STROMA
7. What is the energy source for
photosynthesis?
SUNLIGHT ENERGY
8. What substances are produced during
photosynthesis?
GLUCOSE AND
OXYGEN
 What’s the Reaction?
The picture shows the chloroplast, the site of
photosynthesis. Analyze the picture and the chemical 9. Photosynthesis occurs in two parts-
reaction of the process to answer the questions. the light-dependent reactions and the
light-independent reactions.
a. In what part of the chloroplast do the
light-dependent reactions occur?

THYLAKOID

9. Photosynthesis occurs in two parts-

the light-dependent reactions and the
light-independent reactions.
b. In what part of the chloroplast do the
light-independent reactions occur?

STROMA
explain
What Is It?
Water one of the raw materials in
the process is utilized during the
light dependent reaction stage. As
the water molecules hit by the light
energy, it splits into hydrogen ion,
oxygen and free electrons. The
energy harvested during this stage
is stored in the form of ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) and
NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide Phosphate
Hydrogen). These energies will be
utilized as a fuel (Oxygen) for the
next stage which is the light-
independent reaction.
What Is It? Water one of the raw materials in the
process is utilized during the light
dependent reaction stage. As the water
molecules hit by the light energy, it splits
into hydrogen ion, oxygen and free
electrons. The energy harvested during
this stage is stored in the form of ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) and NADPH
(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate Hydrogen). These energies
will be utilized as a fuel (Oxygen) for the
next stage which is the light-independent
reaction.
Light Dependent Reactions
RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS

water ATP
Light energy NADPH
Oxygen
(by product)
What Is It? The second stage of photosynthesis is the light-
independent reaction also known as the Calvin
Cycle or dark reaction. This stage does not directly
need light but needs the products of light-
dependent reaction. It occurs in the stroma of the
chloroplast. The reactions of the Calvin cycle add
carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere)
to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP.
These reactions use chemical energy from
NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light
reactions. The final product of the Calvin cycle is
glucose and oxygen as by product.
Light Independent Reactions
RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS

Carbon dioxide (from the Sugar (glucose)

environment)
Oxygen (by
ATP, NADPH (from the product
light dependent reaction)
elaborate

17
Absorption of light by Transfer of excited
photosystems electrons occurs
generates excited between carries
electron thylakoid membranes

• Photosystems are classed

•Photosystems are groups of
according to their maximal
photosynthetic pigments
absorption wavelengths (PS I = 700
(including chlorophyll) embedded
nm ; PS II = 680 nm)
within the thylakoid membrane
 Excited electrons from ATP synthase in thylakoids
photosystem II are used to generates ATP using the
contribute to generate a proton gradient.
proton gradient.

Proton gradient- proton motive ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the
force powers the formation of ATP. inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP
from ADP and phosphate
Chemiosmosis is the process of diffusion of ions
(usually H+ ions, also known as protons) across a
selectively permeable membrane.
 Excited electrons from
Photosystem I are used
to reduce NADP

Water is split by light energy

into H+ ions and oxygen.
 We Belong Together!
In light-dependent reaction 3 main steps are involved to describe its The sub-steps:
A. Water is split by light
process. In this activity, you are going to arrange in chronological energy into H+ ions and
order the sub-steps for each main step where it belongs. oxygen
B. Excited electrons from
The 3 main steps of light-dependent reaction Photosystem I are used to
reduce NADP
C. Excited electrons from
Photosystem II are used to
contribute to generate a
proton gradient
D. ATP synthase in
E. Absorption of light by C. Excited electrons from A. Water is split by light thylakoids generates ATP
photosystems generates photosystem II are used to energy into H+ ions and using the proton gradient
excited electron contribute to generate a oxygen. E. Absorption of light by
proton gradient. photosystems generates
excited electrons
F. Transfer of excited D. ATP synthase in B. Excited electrons from F. Transfer of excited
electrons occurs between thylakoids generates ATP Photosystem I are used to electrons occurs between
carries thylakoid using the proton gradient. reduce NADP carriers in thylakoid
membranes membranes
The energy changes
(oxidation / reduction) that
occur during
photosynthesis may be
represented as aZ
scheme:
•First vertical bar:
Photosystem II electrons
are energized by light
(electrons replaced by
photolysis of water
molecules)
•Diagonal bar: Electrons
lose energy as they pass
through an electron
transport chain
(synthesizing ATP)
•Second vertical bar:
Photosystem I electrons
are energized by light
(electrons used to reduce
NADP+)
To drive the reactions
forward, this cycle uses ATP
and NADPH produced
during the light-dependent
reactions. The ATP and
NADPH are the sources of
energy for the cycle. The
cycle begins when carbon
dioxide (CO2) from the
atmosphere enters plant
cells. It undergoes fixation,
reduction and regeneration
processes. The product of
this cycle is a six-carbon
sugar known as the glucose.
 CO molecules combined with
Most of the G3P is RuBP (Ribulose biphosphAte)
used to make organic
compounds
One molecule of G3P A six-carbon molecule
is used to make splits immediately into
organic compounds. a pair of three-carbon
molecules known as 3-
P-GA
(Phospoglycerate

Each molecule of 3-
PGA is converted into
another three-carbon
molecule, the G3P
(Glycyride 3
phosphate)

The conversion of
G3P produced ADP,
+NADP, and
phosphate which
can be used in the
light dependent
reaction.
 We Belong Together!
In light-independent reaction 3 stages are involved to describe its process. In
this activity, you are going to arrange in chronological order the steps for each
stage of the light-independent reaction.

B. CO molecules A. Each molecule of 3- C. One molecule of

combined with RuBP PGA is converted into G3P is used to make
another three-carbon organic compounds.
molecule, the G3P
E. A six-carbon F. The conversion of D. Most of the G3P is
molecule splits G3P produced ADP, used to make organic
immediately into a +NADP, and phosphate compounds
pair of three-carbon which can be used in
molecules known as the light dependent
3-P-GA reaction.

A. Each molecule of 3-PGA is converted into another three-carbon molecule, the G3P
B. CO molecules combined with RuBP
C. One molecule of G3P is used to make organic compounds.
D. Most of the G3P is used to make organic compounds
E. A six-carbon molecule splits immediately into a pair of three-carbon molecules known as 3-P-GA
F. The conversion of G3P produced ADP, +NADP, and phosphate which can be used in the light dependent reaction.
evaluate
 Connect and Complete Me!
Complete the concept map. Choose your answer from
the box. • ATP
• NADPH
• thylakoid
• energy from
sunlight
• oxygen
• water
• Excitation of
photosystem
• Production of
ATP
• light-dependent
reaction
• Reduction of
NADP+ and
photolysis of
water
 Connect and Complete Me!
Complete the concept map. Choose your answer from the box.

• ATP
• light-
independent
reaction
• regeneration
• carbon dioxide
• NADPH
• stroma
• fixation
• oxygen
• Glucose
• reduction
Legend: * from the environment ■ from light-dependent reaction
 Light dependent
reaction thylakoid

Energy from
water
sunlight
Reduction of
NADP+ and
Production of photolysis of
ATP water

Excitation of
photosystem

ATP NADPH Oxygen

 Light independent
Stroma
reaction

Carbon dioxide ATP NADPH regeneration

reduction

fixation

oxygen Legend: * from the environment

glucose
■ from light-dependent reaction
extend
The words inside the box are important concepts about
photosynthesis. Construct a simplified concept map based on
the words given. Use a separate sheet for your concept map.
ATP Calvin cycle Carbon dioxide Chloroplast Water
Energy from sunlight Glucose Light- dependent
reaction
NADPH Oxygen Photosynthesis Stroma
Thylakoid