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    Laws of Thermodynamics

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    April Silva
    The document discusses the laws of thermodynamics which describe the movement of energy in systems. [1] The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. [2] The fundamental thermodynamic relation clarifies that the heat supplied to a system equals its change in internal energy plus the work done by the system. [3] The second law states that entropy increases over time as energy spreads out, and heat spontaneously flows from hotter to colder regions but not vice versa.

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    Laws of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    April Silva
    26 views2 pages
    The document discusses the laws of thermodynamics which describe the movement of energy in systems. [1] The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. [2] The fundamental thermodynamic relation clarifies that the heat supplied to a system equals its change in internal energy plus the work done by the system. [3] The second law states that entropy increases over time as energy spreads out, and heat spontaneously flows from hotter to colder regions but not vice versa.

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    The document discusses the laws of thermodynamics which describe the movement of energy in systems. [1] The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. [2] The fundamental thermodynamic relation clarifies that the heat supplied to a system equals its change in internal energy plus the work done by the system. [3] The second law states that entropy increases over time as energy spreads out, and heat spontaneously flows from hotter to colder regions but not vice versa.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Laws of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    April Silva
    The document discusses the laws of thermodynamics which describe the movement of energy in systems. [1] The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and the total energy of an isolated system remains constant. [2] The fundamental thermodynamic relation clarifies that the heat supplied to a system equals its change in internal energy plus the work done by the system. [3] The second law states that entropy increases over time as energy spreads out, and heat spontaneously flows from hotter to colder regions but not vice versa.

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    Laws of thermodynamics

    Thermodynamics –study of energy

    Bioenergetics – study of the movement of energy in the ecosystem.

    laws of thermodynamics - describe the transport of heat and work in thermodynamic processes.
    These laws have become some of the most important fundamental laws in physics and other
    sciences associated with thermodynamics.

    First law
    conversation of energy
    It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; rather, the amount of energy lost in a steady
    state process cannot be greater than the amount of energy gained.

    . It refers to the two ways that a closed system transfers energy to and from its surroundings – by
    the process of heat transfer and the process of mechanical work.

    The rate of gain or loss in the stored energy of a system is determined by the rates of these two
    processes. In open systems, the flow of matter is another energy transfer mechanism, and extra
    terms must be included in the expression of the first law.

    The First Law clarifies the nature of energy

    Fundamental thermodynamic relation

    Heat supplied to a system = increase in internal energy of the system + work done by the system

    Increase in internal energy of a system = heat supplied to the system - work done by the system

    where we know TdS=δQ and pdV=δW.

    Therefore we can say δQ=dU+δW, where:

     U is internal energy
     T is temperature
     S is entropy
     p is pressure
     V is volume

    This is a statement of conservation of energy: The net change in internal energy (dU) equals the
    heat energy that flows in (TdS), minus the energy that flows out via the system performing work
    (pdV).

    Second law
    Law of entropy
    This law states "spontaneous natural processes increase entropy overall." Another is "heat can
    spontaneously flow from a higher-temperature region to a lower-temperature region, but not the
    other way around." Or there is no 100 percent utilization of energy.

    Nevertheless, energy can be transferred from cold to hot,

    Example, when a refrigerator cools its contents while warming the surrounding air, though still
    all transfers as heat are from hot to cold.

    Entropy - disorder

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