Absolute Value

Distance between a number and 0 on number line

Abundant Number

A number smaller than the sum of its divisors

Algebra

A branch of math where letters represent numbers

Algorithm

A step by step procedure to solve a problem

Annulus

Region between 2 concentric circles

Arithmetic

A branch of mathematics involving number calculations. It includes addition,

Attribute

A characteristic showing shape, size or color

Axiom

Something accepted as true without any proof

Bar Notation

Method of recording recurring decimals

Binary System

Number system using base number 2. Digits 0 & 1 are used to express each
number.

Braces

{ } symbols that refer to sets

Cardinal Numbers

Number of elements in finite/infinite sets

Centroid

The point where the 3 medians of a triangle intersect

Chord

An interior line joining 2 points on circle circumference

Circumference

Distance around a circle

Coefficient

A number that multiplies a letter (variable)

Collinear Points

3 or 4 points lying on the same straight line

Composite Number

Number having factors other than 1 and itself

Congruent

Possessing same size and same shape

Decahedron

A three dimensional shape having 10 plane faces

Deficient Number

Any number larger than the sum of its divisors

Discrete Data

Data with finite or limited value

Divisor

The dividing number

Element

An item or member in a set

Ellipse

A stretched or flattened circle

Equiangular

All angles are equal

Exponent

A tiny number to upper right of base number denoting the times the base number
should multiply by itself.

Expression

Symbol referring to a number or variable

Extremum

It is extreme value of a function

Figure

Two dimensional shape

Formula

An equation stating a rule

Fortnight

14 days or 2 weeks

Function

The relationship between 2 variables

Geometry

A study of angles, curves and lines in 2 & 3 dimensions

Googol

1 followed by 100 zeros or 10 raised to 100th power

Googolplex

Largest number with a name. Its value is 10 raised to googol power

Greatest Common
Factor (GCF)

Greatest number that divides two or more other numbers exactly. GCF for 12, 18 &
24 is 6.

Half-Life

Amount of time taken for a substance to diminish by half. Half life of isotope
carbon-14 is 5730 years.

Icosahedron

Polyhedron with 20 faces

Integers

All negative & positive whole numbers and zero too

Isometric

Containing equal measurements

Isosceles Triangle

Triangle with 2 equal sides and angles

Jointly Proportional

1 variable directly proportional to other variables one at a time

Least Common
Denominator

Smallest whole number used as denominator for two or more fractions

Lemma

A stepping stone for proof of a theorem

Linear

Referring to a straight line

Locus

A set of points forming a geometric figure

Logarithm

It is a power to which a base should be raised to achieve a desired number

Mathematics
(Math/Maths)

Study of various calculations, numbers, quantities, shapes and space using

Matrix

A rectangular array of numbers written in parenthesis/brackets

Mean

Average

Median

The middle number in a series of numbers

Minor Arc

The smaller curve of a circle when it is divided into 2 curves

Mode

Numbers occurring most frequently in a list

Monomial

A single term in algebraic expression

Natural Numbers

Regular numbers that are counted

Opposite Numbers

Two same numerals that have opposite signs like +57 and -57

Ordinal

Number referring to order like first, second, third

Outcome

In probability, it refers to one of the possible results

Palindrome Number

Any number that shows same value forwards & backwards like 666, 77477

Parabola

U shaped curve where any point on it is equally distant from a fixed point and a
fixed straight line

Perfect Number

A number which is equal to sum of its dividing numbers

Pi

Ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle

Polygon

A plane figure with 3 or more sides

Polyhedron

A 3-D object with polygons as its faces

Prime Number

Any number that is divided evenly by 1 and itself like 11, 19

Quadrangle

Polygon with 4 angles

Quadrillion

1 000 000 000 000 000 (10 raised to 15 th power)

Quantitative Data

Information that can be counted or measured

Ratio

Relation or comparison between 2 quantities

Ray

A straight line having starting point but no end point

Reflex Angle

An angle that measures between 180 degrees and 360 degrees

Set

Group of items that are called elements

Sin

Ratio of length of opposite side to hypotenuse length of a right angled triangle

Skew Lines

Those lines not lying in the same plane in space

Speed

The movement of something over a distance in a given time

Square root

A number that multiplies by itself produces original number

Straight Angle

An angle which measures 180 degrees

Tangent line

A line touching a curve at a point without crossing over

Tangram

A square that is cut into 7 pieces

Term

A number in sequence, or a series, or part of algebraic equation

Tessellation

Different shapes fitting together without any gap

Triangle

Polygon with 3 sides

Trinomial

Algebraic expression with 3 terms

Unit

A standard quantity like a pound is a unit of weight

Unit Rate

In 2 measurements comparison one of the terms has value of 1

Unlikely

A probability outcome between 0 and 0.5

Variable

A letter used to represent a number or numbers in equations and expressions

Vector

A quantity which has direction and magnitude (amount). Velocity & force are
examples of vector.

Vinculum

Horizontal line over a symbol or symbols

Volume

Amount of space

Whole Number

A number from 0 to infinity

A symbol referring to unknown quantity in equations

Zero

The number that has no quantity. It is used as place holder. The 0 symbol was
invented around 500 AD by Hindu mathematicians and not by Arabs.

Additive inverse The opposite of a number or its negative. A number plus its additive inverse equals 0.
Adjacent angles Angles with a common side and vertex.
Angle Created by two rays and containing an endpoint in common.
Arc A set of points that lie on a circle and that are positioned within a central angle.
Area The space contained within a shape.
Complex fraction A fraction that contains a fraction or fractions in the numerator and/or denominator.
Coordinate graph Two perpendicular number lines, the x axis and the y axis, which make a plane upon which
each point is assigned a pair of numbers.
Expanded notation To point out the place value of a digit by writing the number as the digit times its place
value.
Exponent A positive or negative number that expresses the power to which the quantity is to be raised or
lowered. It is placed above and to the right of the number.
Exterior angle In a triangle, an exterior angle is equal to the measures of the two interior angles added
together.
Greatest common factor The largest factor that is common to two or more numbers.
Integer A whole number. It may be positive, negative, or zero.
Interior angles Angles formed inside the shape or inside two parallel lines.
Intersecting lines Lines that come together at a point.
Interval The numbers that are contained within two specific boundaries.
Irrational number A number that is not rational (cannot be written as a fraction x/y, with x a natural number
and y an integer).
Least common multiple The smallest multiple that is common to two or more numbers.
Linear equation An equation where the solution set forms a straight line when it is plotted on a coordinate
graph.
Nonlinear equation An equation where the solution set does not form a straight line when it is plotted on a
coordinate graph.
Number line A visual representation of the positive and negative numbers and zero.
Percentage A common fraction with 100 as its denominator.
Quadrants The four divisions on a coordinate graph.
Radical sign A symbol that designates a square root.
Rational number Any number that can be written as a fraction x/y with x a natural number and y an integer.
Reciprocal The multiplicative inverse of a number.
Scientific notation A number between 1 and 10 and multiplied by a power of 10. Used for writing very large or
very small numbers.
Solution, or Solution set The entirety of answers that may satisfy the equation.
Straight line The shortest distance between two points. It continues indefinitely in both directions.
Term A literal or numerical expression that has its own sign.
Transversal A line which crosses two or more parallel or nonparallel lines in a plane.
Vertical angles The opposite angles that are formed by the intersection of two lines. Vertical angles are equal.