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    Simple AC/DC Converters To Meet IEC 1000 - 3 - 2

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    ketan
    This document summarizes a presentation given at APEC'00 in New Orleans about designing simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 electromagnetic compatibility standards. It discusses various converter topologies and approaches, including two-stage and single-stage designs. A single-stage approach is proposed that uses a single switch and control loop with the storage capacitor voltage clamped. Experimental results from a 100W bi-flyback prototype demonstrate tight output regulation, 90% efficiency, and line current compliance with IEC 1000-3-2 standards. The document concludes the approach provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive way to meet EMC standards up to 500W output power.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Simple AC/DC Converters To Meet IEC 1000 - 3 - 2

    Uploaded by

    ketan
    44 views12 pages
    This document summarizes a presentation given at APEC'00 in New Orleans about designing simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 electromagnetic compatibility standards. It discusses various converter topologies and approaches, including two-stage and single-stage designs. A single-stage approach is proposed that uses a single switch and control loop with the storage capacitor voltage clamped. Experimental results from a 100W bi-flyback prototype demonstrate tight output regulation, 90% efficiency, and line current compliance with IEC 1000-3-2 standards. The document concludes the approach provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive way to meet EMC standards up to 500W output power.

    Original Description:

    describe simple ac to dc mode and result

    Original Title

    APEC_2000_19

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    This document summarizes a presentation given at APEC'00 in New Orleans about designing simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 electromagnetic compatibility standards. It discusses various converter topologies and approaches, including two-stage and single-stage designs. A single-stage approach is proposed that uses a single switch and control loop with the storage capacitor voltage clamped. Experimental results from a 100W bi-flyback prototype demonstrate tight output regulation, 90% efficiency, and line current compliance with IEC 1000-3-2 standards. The document concludes the approach provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive way to meet EMC standards up to 500W output power.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views12 pages

    Simple AC/DC Converters To Meet IEC 1000 - 3 - 2

    Uploaded by

    ketan
    This document summarizes a presentation given at APEC'00 in New Orleans about designing simple AC/DC converters to meet IEC 1000-3-2 electromagnetic compatibility standards. It discusses various converter topologies and approaches, including two-stage and single-stage designs. A single-stage approach is proposed that uses a single switch and control loop with the storage capacitor voltage clamped. Experimental results from a 100W bi-flyback prototype demonstrate tight output regulation, 90% efficiency, and line current compliance with IEC 1000-3-2 standards. The document concludes the approach provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive way to meet EMC standards up to 500W output power.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    UPM

    DIE

    Simple AC/DC Converters


    To Meet IEC 1000-3-2
    O. Garca, J.A. Cobos, R. Prieto, P. Alou, J. Uceda

    Universidad Politcnica de Madrid


    Divisin de Ingeniera Electrnica (D.I.E.)
    Madrid (SPAIN)
    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    AC/DC
    AC/DC Structures
    Structures
    Two Stage Approach
    Centralized AC/DC
    Centralized DC/DC

    Two Stage Approach


    Centralized AC/DC
    Distributed DC/DC

    LOAD

    AC/DC

    AC

    DC/DC

    LOAD

    AC

    AC/DC

    LOAD

    Single Stage Approach


    Centralized AC/DC + DC/DC

    LOAD
    AC

    AC/DC
    +
    DC/DC

    LOAD

    LOAD

    APEC00 New Orleans

    AC

    DC/DC

    LOAD

    DC/DC

    LOAD

    DC/DC

    LOAD

    Single Stage Approach


    Distributed AC/DC + DC/DC
    AC/DC + DC/DC

    LOAD

    AC/DC + DC/DC

    LOAD

    AC/DC + DC/DC

    LOAD

    UPM
    DIE

    AC/DC
    AC/DC PFC
    PFC Converters
    Converters
    AC

    1ST
    STAGE

    2ND
    STAGE

    STORAGE CAPACITOR

    LOAD

    AC

    SINGLE
    STAGE

    LOAD

    MANDATORY

    MANDATORY

    Line current harmonic

    Output voltage regulation


    DESIRABLE
    Simple
    Reliable
    Efficient
    Cheap

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Single
    Single Stage
    Stage PFC
    PFC Converters
    Converters
    State of the art good ideas

    STORAGE CAPACITOR
    R.
    Redl
    Balogh
    Sokal
    R. Redl,
    Redl,, L.
    L. Balogh,
    Balogh,, N.O.
    N.O. Sokal,
    Sokal,,
    A
    new
    family
    of
    single
    stage
    isolated
    power
    factor
    corrector
    th
    wi
    A new family of single stage isolated power factor corrector with
    with
    fast
    fast regulation
    regulation of
    of the
    the output
    output voltage,
    voltage, PESC
    PESC 1994
    1994
    J.
    Qian
    J. Qian,
    Qian,, F.C.
    F.C. Lee
    Lee
    A
    C/DC
    A
    A High
    High Efficient
    Efficient Single
    Single Stage
    Stage Single
    Single Switch
    Switch High
    High Power
    Power Factor
    Factor AC/DC
    AC/DC
    Converter
    Converter with
    with Universal
    Universal Input,
    Input, APEC
    APEC 1997
    1997

    AC

    SINGLE
    STAGE

    J.
    Sebastin
    Daz
    J. Sebastin,
    Sebastin,, M.M.
    M.M. Hernando,
    Hernando, P.
    P. Villegas,
    Villegas, J.
    J. Daz,
    Daz,, A.
    A. Fontn
    Fontn
    Input
    e
    Voltag
    Input current
    current Shaper
    Shaper based
    based on
    on the
    the Series
    Series Connection
    Connection of
    of aa Voltage
    Voltage
    Source
    Source and
    and aa Loss
    Loss Free
    Free Resistor,
    Resistor, APEC
    APEC 1998
    1998

    THE MAIN DIFFERENCE OF OUR PROPOSAL IS

    The voltage on the Storage Capacitor is clamped


    APEC00 New Orleans

    LOAD

    UPM
    DIE

    CC filter
    filter +
    + single
    single converter
    converter
    T1
    DC/DC
    CONV.

    AC

    D1

    LOAD
    C1

    VO

    C2

    Load
    Q1

    VAC

    U( x )

    CONTROL
    STAGE
    x

    VC

    Ue ( x )

    DRAWBACK

    I( x )

    IAC

    Line current harmonics

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Single
    Single converter
    converter without
    without bulk
    bulk capacitor
    capacitor
    T1
    AC

    DC/DC
    CONV.

    D1

    LOAD
    C1

    VO
    Load

    Q1

    Current
    Voltage

    CONTROL
    STAGE

    PF=1

    DRAWBACK
    Constant power

    APEC00 New Orleans

    Output voltage regulation

    UPM
    DIE

    Proposed
    Proposed idea
    idea

    AC

    DC/DC
    CONV.

    LOAD

    MAIN FEATURES ARE:


    Simple
    Efficient
    Reliable

    Known topologies
    Power processed once
    Single switch
    Single control loop
    VC is clamped

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Input
    Input current
    current waveform
    waveform
    T1

    D1

    D2

    Load
    VO

    C1

    T2

    D5
    D4

    D3
    T2

    Q1

    C2
    VC

    VIN

    CONTROL
    STAGE

    Line current depends on:

    Power
    distribution

    Conduction
    mode

    Storage
    capacitor

    Topology
    selected

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Power
    Power distribution
    distribution
    T

    Load

    PMAIN

    LT1

    VO

    LT2
    Power
    distribution

    VIN

    PAUX
    V

    VC
    VIN (RECT)

    Main branch power (%)

    T2

    LT1/LT2 ratio
    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Power
    Power distribution
    distribution influence
    influence in
    in line
    line current
    current
    LT1/LT2=1

    LT1/LT2=0.3

    30%

    LT1/LT2=0.1

    50%

    70%
    GOO

    LT1/LT2=0.03

    GO O

    80%

    90%

    LT1/LT2=0.01

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Limit
    -3-2
    Limit to
    to comply
    comply IEC
    IEC 1000
    1000-3-2
    Harmonic content

    Max. Power for IEC 1000-3-2

    3
    7

    Class A

    Class D

    11
    5

    9
    9

    3
    .

    11

    W
    500

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    APEC00 New Orleans

    Class A

    Class D

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    UPM
    DIE

    Conduction
    Conduction mode
    mode
    1

    T1

    Conduction
    mode

    T2
    VIN

    Basic Guidelines:

    T2 DCM

    T2 CCM

    T1 DCM

    MODE I

    MODE III

    T1 CCM

    MODE II

    MODE IV

    PMAIN + PAUX = PO
    d is determined by CCM branch

    Constant
    duty cycle

    Current is determined by the DCM branch


    APEC00 New Orleans

    Storage
    Storage capacitor
    capacitor influence
    influence

    UPM
    DIE

    VC
    Storage
    capacitor
    LT1/LT2=0.1

    AL!
    GO

    Medium C (30)
    Small C (45)

    Class D
    envelope

    Line current (A)

    Line current

    Large C (15)

    0
    Line angle
    APEC00 New Orleans

    Line angle (rad)

    UPM
    DIE

    Storage
    Storage capacitor
    capacitor influence
    influence
    0.8

    0.8

    33rdrdharmonic
    harmonic

    0.7

    RMS current (A)

    RMS current (A)

    0.6
    0.5
    0.4

    15

    0.3

    30

    0.2

    45

    0.6
    0.5
    0.4

    15

    0.3

    30

    0.2

    45

    0.1

    0.1

    0
    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1.0

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    0.0

    2.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    0.8

    1.0

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    2.0

    th harmonic
    99th
    harmonic

    0.7

    0.6

    0.8

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    0.8

    77ththharmonic
    harmonic

    0.7

    0.6
    RMS current (A)

    RMS current (A)

    55ththharmonic
    harmonic

    0.7

    0.5
    0.4

    15

    0.3

    30

    0.2

    45

    0.1

    0.5
    0.4

    15

    0.3

    30
    45

    0.2
    0.1

    0
    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1.0

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    2.0

    0.0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    0.8

    1.0

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    LT1/LT2 ratio

    The higher the capacitance, the higher the harmonic content


    APEC00 New Orleans

    Extension
    Extension to
    to other
    other topologies
    topologies

    UPM
    DIE

    This idea can be extended to other topologies such as:


    Boost
    Forward
    SEPIC
    Cuk
    Bi-Boost

    Additional components to comply IEC 1000-3-2 normative:


    1 magnetic component (25% of PO)
    3 diodes
    L1

    D1

    Line
    current

    D3

    D4

    VIN

    APEC00 New Orleans

    L2

    D2
    Q1

    C2
    VC

    C1

    VO
    Load

    2.0

    UPM
    DIE

    Extension
    Extension to
    to other
    other topologies
    topologies
    D1

    Bi-Forward

    L
    Load

    T1

    D2

    C1

    D6

    VO

    D4
    D5

    AC

    T2

    T2

    D3

    Q1

    C2
    VC

    CONTROL
    STAGE

    Duty cycle

    Line current

    Line angle

    Line angle

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Experimental
    Experimental results
    results
    SPECIFICATIONS
    Output
    Output voltage
    voltage

    48V
    48VDC
    DC

    Output
    Output power
    power

    100W
    100W

    Input
    Input voltage-universal
    voltage-universal

    110V
    110VAC
    AC

    Normative
    Normative IEC
    IEC 1000-3-2
    1000-3-2

    Bi-flyback

    Isolation
    Isolation line-load
    line-load
    T1

    D1
    C1

    D5
    D3

    D4

    T2
    Q1

    C2
    VIN

    APEC00 New Orleans

    VC

    D2

    Load

    CONTROL
    STAGE

    VO

    T2

    UPM
    DIE

    Experimental
    Experimental results
    results

    Rectified line
    voltage

    Line current

    Capacitor charge current

    Voltage on storage capacitor

    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Experimental
    Experimental results
    results

    100W line current

    RMS current (A)

    1.2
    1.0
    0.8

    P.F.=0.87
    T.H.D.=54%

    0.6
    0.4
    0.2
    0.0
    1

    11

    13 15

    17

    19

    Harmonic number

    f
    sAo
    Clas 0-3-2
    00
    IEC 1

    RMS current (A)

    5
    Measured
    IEC 1000-3-2

    4
    3

    Normative
    550W

    2
    1
    0
    3

    11

    13

    Harmonic number

    15

    17

    19

    Line current comply normative even for 5 paralleled converters


    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Experimental
    Experimental results
    results
    Output voltage regulation
    VRECT

    ILINE

    VO

    IO

    50% Load step

    Tight regulated VO
    Input current is rapidly affected by load
    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    Experimental
    Experimental results
    results
    92

    High efficiency:

    Efficiency (% )

    90
    88

    90% at 100W

    86

    Two-stage needs a 95%

    84

    efficiency each stage

    82

    Simple, reliable and cheap


    20

    40

    60
    Output power (W)

    APEC00 New Orleans

    80

    100

    converter

    UPM
    DIE

    Conclusions
    Conclusions
    AC/DC converters to comply IEC 1000-3-2
    Main characteristics:
    Single switch and single control loop
    Clamped voltage on storage capacitor
    High efficiency

    Line current can be designed to meet regulation up to 500W


    A Bi-Flyback experimental prototype confirms the advantages of
    this idea
    APEC00 New Orleans

    UPM
    DIE

    IEC
    -3-2
    IEC 1000
    1000-3-2

    Class
    Class DD

    Class
    Class AA
    Harmonic
    Harmonicnumber
    number

    Absolute
    Absolutevalue
    value(A)
    (A)

    Absolute
    Absolutevalue
    value(A)
    (A)

    Relative
    mA/W)
    mA/W)
    Relativevalue
    value((mA/W)

    33

    2.30
    2.30

    2.30
    2.30

    3.40
    3.40

    55

    1.14
    1.14

    1.14
    1.14

    1.90
    1.90

    77

    0.77
    0.77

    0.77
    0.77

    1.00
    1.00

    99

    0.40
    0.40

    0.40
    0.40

    0.50
    0.50

    11
    11

    0.33
    0.33

    0.33
    0.33

    0.35
    0.35

    13
    13

    0.21
    0.21

    0.21
    0.21

    0.29
    0.29

    15
    15 to
    to 39
    39

    2.25/n
    2.25/n

    2.25/n
    2.25/n

    3.85/n
    3.85/n

    Class A
    Class D

    APEC00 New Orleans

    Class D of IEC 1000-3-2 is much more restrictive

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