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    Profile Leveling

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    Marc Dared Cagaoan
    This document discusses profile leveling, which is used to collect elevation data along a reference line, usually a center line, in order to compute cut and fill volumes for proposed linear structures like highways and railroads. The process involves staking stations along the reference line and then taking elevation readings between stations using a level and staff. Elevations are computed based on the elevation of the starting benchmark and backsight and foresight level readings. Profile leveling data can be used to plot a profile of the terrain and determine cut and fill volumes needed for construction.

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    Profile Leveling

    Uploaded by

    Marc Dared Cagaoan
    243 views13 pages
    This document discusses profile leveling, which is used to collect elevation data along a reference line, usually a center line, in order to compute cut and fill volumes for proposed linear structures like highways and railroads. The process involves staking stations along the reference line and then taking elevation readings between stations using a level and staff. Elevations are computed based on the elevation of the starting benchmark and backsight and foresight level readings. Profile leveling data can be used to plot a profile of the terrain and determine cut and fill volumes needed for construction.

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    This document discusses profile leveling, which is used to collect elevation data along a reference line, usually a center line, in order to compute cut and fill volumes for proposed linear structures like highways and railroads. The process involves staking stations along the reference line and then taking elevation readings between stations using a level and staff. Elevations are computed based on the elevation of the starting benchmark and backsight and foresight level readings. Profile leveling data can be used to plot a profile of the terrain and determine cut and fill volumes needed for construction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    243 views13 pages

    Profile Leveling

    Uploaded by

    Marc Dared Cagaoan
    This document discusses profile leveling, which is used to collect elevation data along a reference line, usually a center line, in order to compute cut and fill volumes for proposed linear structures like highways and railroads. The process involves staking stations along the reference line and then taking elevation readings between stations using a level and staff. Elevations are computed based on the elevation of the starting benchmark and backsight and foresight level readings. Profile leveling data can be used to plot a profile of the terrain and determine cut and fill volumes needed for construction.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    k

    r
    o
    w
    h
    t
    r
    a
    E
    Profile Leveling

    Profile Leveling
    To collect data about topography along a
    reference line.
    Mainly to compute volumes of cut and fill for
    a proposed linear structure, such as:
    highways, railroads, transmission lines,
    canals. Then the best route can be chosen.
    The result: elevations at definite points
    (stations) along a reference line, usually the
    center line.

    Staking and Stationing the Reference Line


    First, topography is studied, a center line is chosen.
    Second, points (stations) are marked (staked).
    Stations are set at starting and ending points, then
    intermediate stations.
    Distance between the intermediate stations is
    usually 100ft, could be less if topography is rough.
    Stationing: a system adopted to specify the relative
    positions of points along the reference line.
    Distances are written in the form of a sum: A + B.
    A is hundreds of feet, B is feet.

    For example station K is (10+24.5) =


    1024.5ft from a certain zero, may not
    exist.
    First station is usually designated with
    arbitrary value: 10+00, 100+00
    To compute distances along the line,
    erase the + sign, and subtract the two
    numbers
    Distance between the stations:(20+68)
    and (30+34) = 3034 - 2068 = 966 ft

    First a backsight at a BM is observed.


    Then, a number of intermediate
    foresights are observed at the stations
    needed, do not have to be at equal
    distances.
    When the distance becomes too long, or
    readings become hard to observe, a
    turning point is constructed.
    You cannot keep the backsight distance
    equal to the foresight distance.

    Figure 5.11 Profile leveling.

    Figure 5-11 Profile Leveling

    Elevation computation:
    Elevation of line of sight (LS) = EBM + BSBM.
    Elevation of any intermediate point = ELS - FSIP.

    Handle new level positions as in


    differential leveling, construct a turning
    point and knowing BS and FS readings,
    compute a new elevation of line of sight.
    See figure (5-12) page 119 for example of
    field data and adjustment.

    Leveling for other Purposes

    BS

    IS

    IS

    IS

    FS
    BS

    FS

    A LEVELING PROCESS THAT INCLUDED 6 POINTS


    AND 7 READINGS.

    Example: Compute the elevations of points 1 through 5 if the elevation


    of the BM is 22.13 ft

    Point

    BS

    IS

    FS

    BM 761 2.11

    22.13

    1.14

    0.95

    1.76

    0.84

    2.01

    1.55

    HI =
    Elevation (E)
    E + BS = HI (IS or) FS

    1.88

    Answer

    Point

    BS

    IS

    FS

    BM 761 2.11

    = 2.11 +
    24.24
    22.13

    1.14

    0.95

    3
    4
    5

    1.76
    2.01

    HI =
    Elevation (E)
    E + BS = HI (IS or FS)
    22.13
    23.10
    =
    24.24 1.14
    =
    24.24 0.95
    23.29

    0.84 =25.16
    23.40 +
    1.55
    1.88

    1.76
    = 23.31 +
    25.32
    2.01

    23.40
    =
    24.24 0.84
    =23.31
    24.86 1.55
    23.44
    = 25.32 1.88

    Drawing and Using Profiles

    Drawn using a software now.The following is for


    reference only, will not be in exams.
    To manually draw a profile and compute earthwork:
    {the following is for reference only, will not be included in exams}

    Assume the horizontal axis is the distance and the vertical axis is
    the elevation.
    Use a larger scale for the elevation than the distance scale,
    usually 10 times larger.
    Draw the design line at the proposed grade.
    Compute the areas of cut and fill.
    Multiply area by width to get volumes.
    Gradient (percent grade) is the rise or fall in ft per 100 ft, or
    meter per 100 meter.

    Figure 5.13 Plot of profile.

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