Our Environment A Our Concern
Our Environment A Our Concern
Our Environment A Our Concern
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ecosystems.
3. The terrestrial ecosystems are being determined largely
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7. Pyramid of the numbers, pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy are other ways to show food
relationship and flow of energy among other living things.
8. A pyramid is a structure whose shape is roughly that of a pyramid in a geometric sense.
9. The concept of ecological pyramid was first introduced by a British Ecologist Charles Elton in 1927.
10. Pyramid of number shows the population of organisms at each tropic level in a food chain.
11. Biomass is organic material of biological origin.
12. Pyramid of biomass represents the available food as a source of energy at each tropic level in the food
chain.
13. It is found that 10-20% of the biomass is transferred from one tropic level to the next in a food chain.
14. Biomass can also be used as a fuel.
15. Pyramid of energy represents the available energy at each tropic level in the food chain.
16. The ratio between energy flows at different tropic levels along the food chain expressed as percentage is
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2. What is biomass? Draw a pyramid of biomass for the given food chain.
i) Grass leaves ii) Herbivores iii) Predators iv) Hawk
PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Ans:
1. Any type of plant or animal material that can be converted
into energy is called biomass.
2. The pyramid of biomass represents the relationships that
exist between the quantities of living matter at different
trophic levels.
3. In terrestrial ecosystems, the biomass progressively
decreases from producers to top carnivores.
3. How is using toxic material affecting the ecosystem? Write a short note on bioaccumulation and
biomagnifications.
Ans:
1. Indiscriminate use of pesticides lead to the destruction of many other species along with pets in the
ecosystem.
2. Some of these may be predators which naturally feed on these pests, some other may be the food of
other animals.
3. These may lead to unpredictable changes in food chains and upsetting the balance within the
ecosystem.
4. Some of the pesticides which contain mercury, arsenic or lead are non-biodegradable. These are
potentially dangerous as they accumulate in the bodies of animals and pass right through the food
web.
5. Being further concentrated at each step until animals at top of pyramid may receive enough to do
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5. Being further concentrated at each step until animals at top of pyramid may receive enough to do
considerable harm.
Bio-accumulation: The process of entering of pollutants in a food chain is called bio-accumulation.
1. When pesticides are sprayed, they mix up with soil and water. These are absorbed by the plants along
with water and minerals.
2. When herbivores consume this plant food, then these pests go into their bodies through the food chain.
3. When the carnivores consume these herbivores, then the pesticides get transferred to their bodies.
4. Pesticides enter the food chain at the producer level.
Bio-magnification: The tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one tropic level to the next
is known as bio-magnification.
1. Pesticides get accumulated at each tropic level, as they are non-biodegradable substances.
2. Since human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, so the maximum amount of toxic pesticides
get accumulated into the bodies.
3. Medical tests have proved that the most commonly used pesticides like. D.D.T is accumulating in our
bodies through food chains leading to health hazards.
4. Observe a plant in your kitchen garden, and write a note on producer consumer relationship.
Ans:
1. In our garden, I selected lxora plant to study the producer-consumer relationship.
1. The plant synthesizes its own food through photosynthesis
2. Small aphids, ants and other orthropods which dwell on this plant get shelter and food from this.
3. If also observed some earthworms making burrows at its base making aeration of the soil. The excreta
of earthworms enrich the soil with organic matter. In return, these get their food from fallen leaves of
the plant.
4. Birds like sparrows and lady bird feed on these aphids and earthworms at secondary consumer level.
5. Crows and Hawks often trouble these carnivorous birds. These may be considered as tertiary
consumers.
6. All these are maintaining their lives in a stable ecosystem.
PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Ans:
1. A more accurate idea of food relationship must be necessary
to explain the pyramid of biomass.
2. The mass of plant matter which is consumed by the
herbivores is also necessary.
3. In the similar way, the mass that is produced by the primary
consumes by consuming plant matter, the total mass of the
secondary consumes that could be supported by the primary
consumers and so on through the chain. This information is
also necessary to explain pyramid of biomass.
3. Should we use pesticides as they prevent our crop and food from pests or should we think alternatives?
Write your view about this issue and give sound reason for your answer.
Ans.
1. The time has come to think about the ways through which we can prevent ourselves and other living
from the harmful effects of the use of toxic pesticides.
2. The answer to this problem is to find other effective methods of controlling pets which have less
harmful effects and are based on the sound biological principles.
3. The alternatives of pesticides through which we can get more crops with less harm like rotation of
crops, biological control of pets, vermicompost, using bio-fertilizers and development of genetic
resistant strains.
herbivores.
2. Due to this, the population of the herbivores will increase dramatically.
3. Increase in herbivores population lead to excessive grazing of grass. The density of producers will be
very much reduced.
4. Over grazing may even eliminate the grass and other plants and the grassland is turned into desert.
9. Suggest any three programmes for prevention of soil population in view of avoiding pesticides.
Ans.
1. We should encourage crop rotation in agricultural fields.
2. Mixed Crops and aakarshaka patralu are very useful in preventing pests in a natural way.
3. Bacillus Turingenesis, Trichoderma Bacterium can prevent the attack of pests to crops very effectively
in a natural way.
4. Development of genetically resistant strains which do not need chemical pesticides.
5. Usage of bio fertilizers and vermicompost should be encouraged.
6. What is biomass?
Ans. Biomass is organic material of biological origin that has ultimately derived from the fixation carbon
dioxide and the trapping of solar energy during photosynthesis.
7. What is bio-fuel?
Ans. Biomass used for energy production is called bio-fuel.
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Inshah Neha
Very helpful for students like me.
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Vamshi Rider
endi ne katta
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Vamshi Rider
wt u sd i write
Like Reply Feb 24, 2016 7:58am
Sakshi Education
Its updated plz check
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Sumanth Kandagatla
Sumanth Kandagatla
thnqq a lottt,,for saakshi educatinn we all are back of uu once again soo thnks
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Aishwarya Chweet
Is 20marks{internal} are still in process??or is it changed??
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Sridhar Talari
were do u study
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Shruthi Upparpalli
ROFL
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S Iamprudhvi Bck
hidden
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Jithendra Yenugula
itz my request too
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Sai Vardhan
Its mine tooo
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Sai Laxman
yes please
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Meghana Reddy
Plzzz change biology and social into pdf
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