Effective Length
Effective Length
Effective Length
CHAPTER
LRFD Method
Third Edition
INTRODUCTION TO
AXIALLY LOADED
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
5c
FALL 2002
By
Dr . Ibrahim. Assakkaf
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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(1)
where
K = effective length factor as defined by LRFD
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EI
(KL )2
(2)
or
2E
Fe =
(KL / r )2
(3)
KL = Le = L = effective length
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Table 1
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Figure 2
L
B
Lateral
deflection
Column is in this
Position after sideway
And joint rotation B
L
A
(a)
Lateral L
deflection
(b)
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Local Buckling
Up to this point, the overall stability of a
particular column has been considered.
Yet, it is entirely possible for thin flanges or
webs of a column or beam to buckle locally
in compression well before the calculated
buckling strength of the whole member is
reached.
When thin plates are used to carry
compressive stresses they are particularly
susceptible to buckling about their weak axes
due to small moment of inertia.
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Compact Sections
A compact section is one that has a
sufficiently stocky profile so that it is capable
of developing a fully plastic stress
distribution before buckling.
For a section to be compact, it has to have a
width-thickness ratios equal to or less than
the limiting values provided in Table 4 (Table
5.2, Text, or Table B5.1, LRFD Maual).
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Stiffened Elements
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Noncompact Sections
A noncompact section is one for which the
yield stress can be reached in some but not
all of its compression elements before
buckling occurs.
It is not capable of reaching fully plastic stress
distribution.
For a section to be noncompact, it has to
have a width-thickness ratios greater than p
but less than r as provided in Table 4 (Table
5.2, Text, or Table B5.1, LRFD Maual).
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