Gr8Squares SquareRoots

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Grade 8 Mathematics: Lesson Plan Unit 1

Lesson Title Exploring Squares and Square Roots


Connecticut GLEs 2.1.2 Identify perfect squares and their square roots; e.g., squares 1, 4, 9, 16 to
corresponding roots 1, 2, 3, 4 ; and use these relationships to estimate other square
roots.

2.2.6 Calculate the square roots of positive integers using technology.


Lesson Objectives in 1. I can find the area of various squares by dividing each square into smaller squares
Language Students and right triangles.
2. I can estimate and calculate the square root of a whole number.
Will Understand 3. I can describe a pattern to the sequence formed by perfect squares.

Description of 1. Using centimeter dot paper, graph paper or Geometers Sketchpad, have
Learning Tasks/ students draw or provide them with the 14 squares on the attached page. See
adaptations below if students are to draw the squares themselves.
Activities 2. By subdividing the squares into a combination of smaller squares and right
triangles, students calculate the area of each square.
3. Explain that since the area of a square is equal to a side squared, the length of
one side is equal to the square root of the area. Discuss this concept thoroughly.
4. Using a centimeter ruler, measure (to the nearest tenth of a centimeter) a side
for each square. If you have access to Geometers Sketchpad, measure each side
to the nearest tenth and then hundredth of a centimeter to demonstrate various
levels of precision in measurement.
5. Calculate the square roots of each area measurement, using a calculator.
Discuss that answers that are not whole numbers are approximations, no matter
how many decimal places are displayed.
6. Retype a square root answer obtained above, and square that number.
Discuss why the answer is not exactly the whole number area answer that you
started with.
7. Estimate the square root of another whole number by framing the number
with two perfect squares, one higher and one lower than the number, and then
estimating the answer. Check your estimate with a calculator.
8. List the perfect squares in a sequence: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 . What pattern
can you see in the sequence that allows you to find the next perfect square without
multiplying or squaring? (To the first term add 3, then add 5, then add 7, etc.)

Materials, Resources, Graph paper, rulers, calculators, Geometers Sketchpad software (optional)
Technology Needed
Timeline Two days

Prior Learning, Students need to be able to find the area of right triangles.
Connections, Student
Needs or Interests,
Common
Misconceptions
Instructional Students should work primarily on their own but be able to compare strategies and
Strategies/Grouping solutions with a partner.

Adaptations If you have students draw the squares with paper and pencil, precise directions will be
needed. For all but the first four squares, it is helpful to start by drawing a vertex,
e.g., the left-most one, and then giving directions to move from that vertex to an
adjacent one. For example, for the ninth square, have students mark a point that will
be the left-most vertex. From there, have them locate a point that is this translation of

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Grade 8 Mathematics: Lesson Plan Unit 1

that point: +1, +2 (right 1, up 2). Then translate this new point: +2, -1 (right 2, down
1). Then translate that point: -1, -2 (left 1, down 2). Finally translate that point: -2, +1
(left 2, up 1).

Extensions Extend by having students draw several right triangles, using centimeter graph paper
or Geometers Sketchpad. Then square off each leg and hypotenuse by drawing
squares with side lengths equal to each side. Note the pattern that will lead into the
discovery of the Pythagorean theorem.

Formative Ask students to draw squares with specific whole number areas. Students are to
Assessment subdivide the squares into right triangles and smaller squares, find the area of each
square and the side length. Also have students estimate the square roots of whole
(including student numbers by framing the numbers with two perfect squares and estimating the square
self-assessment) roots.

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