Temperature Distribution Along A Constant Cross Sectional Area Fin
Temperature Distribution Along A Constant Cross Sectional Area Fin
Temperature Distribution Along A Constant Cross Sectional Area Fin
DOI: 10.5923/j.mechanics.20130305.04
1
Department of M echanical Engineering Azad Islamic University Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of M echanical Engineering & Energy engineering Power and Water University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract Extended surfaces are extensively used in air-cooled automobile engines, air-condit ioning systems, oil
industries, computer processors, and other electronic devices. In various applications heat from the fins is dissipated by
natural as well as forced convection and radiation. Fins are used as arrays in all the applicat ions. Although many investigator
have studied the heat transfer by natural and forced convection fro m extended surfaces, but the informat ion about combined
radiation and convection is sparse. In this paper, the interaction of thermal radiat ion with convection is numerically
investigated, and an exact solution is presented for temperature distribution of fin of constant cross -sectional area. The
influence of considering radiation on entropy generation and some heat transfer dimensionless numbers is also investigated.
The results showed the temperature p rofile is uniform, and speed of transferring heat by Convection -Rad iation increases
along the fin. Also the accuracy of the solution is examined by a case study. The results showed good agreement.
convection was performed by G.Rod, M.Bertela and porosity, solid, thermal conductivity, permeability, length
F.Santarelli[10]. They considered a two-d imensional and thickness of the fin by solving an inverse problem
channel flo w with a participating irradiated fluid . On ly involving the simu lated annealing.
absorption of radiation is thought to occur within the The objective of this study is to presentedan exact solution
participating gray fluid. Co mb ined rad iation and laminar for temperature distribution arising convection-radiation
mixed convection in the thermal entrance reg ion of along a constant cross sectional area fin. The effects of
horizontal isothermal rectangular channels was investigated considering rad iation in the terms of entropy generation, Biot
by J.M.Huang and J.D.Lin [11]. Rao, and Naidu[24] studied number and Nusselt number are investigated, and compared
the combined convection and radiation heat transfer form a with when there is just convection in the system.
fin array with a vertical base and horizontal fins. The
h is usually much lover at the fin base than it is at the fin t ip And when there is the convection heat transfer in the fin
because the flu id is surrounding by solid surfaces near the tip,
base, which seriously disrupt its motion to the point of T x -T cosh m( L x) h / mk sinh m( L x)
suffocating it, while the flu id near the fin tip has little contact = (11)
with a solid surface and thus encounters little resistance to Tb -T cosh mL h / mk sinh mL
flow. Therefo re, adding too many fins on a surface may
actually decrease the overall heat transfer when the decrease 2.2. Combined Convection and Radi ati on
in h o ffsets any gain resulting fro m the increase in the surface The performance of the fin the figure of (2) depends on
area. Under considerations, the energy balance on the combined conduction, convection, and radiation. A gas at the
volume element can be expressed as, temperature o f T is flowing over the fin and remov ing
Rate of heat Rate of heat Rate of heat heat by convection. The environment to which the fin
conduction into
conduction from
convection from (1) radiates is also assumed to be at T . The fin is non-gray
the elementat x the elementat x x the element with absorptivity for radiat ion incident fro m the
q cond,x =q cond,x+x +q conv (2) environment. Fro m the control volume approach, an energy
qconv =h px T-T (3)
balance on a fin element of length dx is:
0.5
dT
2p 2hp
=
dx kA c
T 4
0.2(T5 TL5 )- (T-TL ) +
kA c
0.5(T 2 TL2 )-T (T-TL
(16)
After algebraic manipulat ion to separate the variables, the result is:
x=g(T) (17)
Where g(T) is a series, and can be expressed as,
g(T)=
1
T+ T +
2 2 2
ag+bm 2 0.125a g +0.25agbm+m(0.125b m-0.08333C) 3
T
1 3 5
C2 4C 2 C2
+
0.0781a g +0.2343a g bm+agm 0.2343b m-0.0937C +bm 0.0781b m-0.0937C T
3 3 2 2 2 2 2
4
7
C2
+
0.0546a g +0.2187a g bm+a g m 0.3281b m-0.0937C +abgm 0.2187b m-0.1875C +m 0.0546b m -0.0937b mC+0.0187C T
4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
5
(18)
9
C2
0.0911a 3g3 0.2734a 2g 2bm+0.2734agb2 m 2
0.0410a 5g5 0.2050a 4g 4 bm+0.4101a 3g3b2 m2 0.4101a 2g 2 b3m3 0.2050agb4 m4 mC
0.0911b3m3
m 2C2 0.0390ag+0.0390bm +0.0410b5m5 -0.0166C4g
T6
11
C2
...
R.Siegel and J.R.Howell[21] solved this problem with a W/m 2 .K . The emissivity and absorptivity of copper are
simp le conditions. They suggested an analytical solution for assumed that be 0.83 and 0.13 respectively.
a long fin in free space T =0 . Then for large x, T x 0 ,
and
dT
0 , and the constant C is zero. So lving for
dT 4. Results and Discussion
dx dx
results in: Incropera[22] calculated the temperature distribution
when there is only convection in the system. However, when
0.5
dT 2 p 5 hp 2 there are both convection and radiation the results are as,
=- T + T (20)
dx 5 kA c a=1.014 109
kA c
The minus sign is used when taking the square root since T b=298
decreases as x increases. The variables in the above equation
m=201
are separated and the equation integrated with the condition 7
that T x =Tb at x=0 : g=1.0001 10
x T x=3.31? 0-4.T+5.51? 0-7 .T2 +1.16? 0-10.T3 +... (23)
dT
xdx=- 0.5
Based on the Incroperas results the temperature of
0 Tb 2 p 3 hp (21) 313 K occur in x=183 mm, but the above equation denotes
T T +
5 kA c kA c that when T=313 K x=158 mm . The difference is due
International Journal of M echanics and Applications 2013, 3(5): 131-137 135
to several reasons. The main reason is that Incropera did not Also, a fin generates entropy internally, because the fin
solve this problem based on the real conditions. He as sumed nonisothermal,
that the rod is very long ( L ). So, its solution is not q
precise and is an approximate method.
S gen =
A T
dA-
qB
(25)
The growth of fins on a solid wall increases the drag
internal
w Tb
irreversibility of the wall-flu id configuration. Bejan[23] In this expression, q B and Tb represent the base heat
developed some correlations to calculate the rate of entropy transfer and absolute temperature. Adding Equations of (24)
generation in the extended surfaces. The entropy generation and (25) side by side obtaining the entropy generation rate
rate associated with fin fluid heat transfer is: for a single fin is possible.
S gen external = A q T1 -
1
dA+
FD U
(24)
Tw T
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