Usage of Zinc-Silicate Coatings in Friction Connections
Usage of Zinc-Silicate Coatings in Friction Connections
Usage of Zinc-Silicate Coatings in Friction Connections
if *
Original Scientific Paper
9 O5 o
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*Faculty of Civil Engineering, University ofBelgrade, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, Belgrade, Serbia; 128 [email protected]
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Nenad Fric - Usage ofzinc-silicate coatings -U •
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required training of the workforce and cost. Even using putty) for preventing exposure Theto oxygen.
though implementation of protection systems of friction emergence of coatings, which ouslysimultane-
surfaces based on coatings has a very long tradition in provide a satisfactory friction caused the coefficient,
the world, it was practically implemented in Serbia fordecrease in use of meta cess. Bylization pro-
the first time in 2011, during reconstruction of thestandardization of testing, nation ofhe determi-
,,Gazela" bridge in Belgrade. The reason for this are friction in friction joints is facilitated and
difficulties in procurement of the adequate coating and standardized. Regarding the continuous devel-
traditional recommendations for implementation ofopment of the anti-corrosion systerms industry,
metallization procedure on the friction surfaces. This which places a large number of coa tings on the
procedure comprises application of a certain alloy onmarket, the determination of their ch for aracteristics
the friction surface. The most frequently used alloy isuse in friction joints is considerabl The y simplified. 3
one of aluminum and magnesium AlMg5. Metallizationvalues of friction coefficient wen SRPS defined by
certainly results in high friction coefficients, but on the standard [02] (Table 1) for va ofrious levels
other hand requires adequate equipment (metallizing treatment and systems for protecti jointson of friction
gun), consumption of gas and metal wire, skilled work-from corrosion. In case of EN s the tandards [3]
force, adequate protective equipment and sealing ofclasses of friction surfaces are c the efined, and
the joints after fitting of bolts (most often by friction coefficients which must for eachbe attained
of them. (Table 2).
Table 1. Friction coefficients forvarious methods oftreatment offrictionjoints surfaces, according to SRPS
standard [02]
From the enclosed tables, it can be clearly seen thatFRICTION COEFFICIENTS FOR VARIOUS
the contemporary regulations have a moreSYSTEMS OF PROTECTION OFFRICTION
conservative approach to these issues and that they JOINTS FROM CORROSION
prescribe lower friction coefficients. Also, the
The friction coefficients for unprotected friction
contemporary regulations recognize zinc-silicate
surfaces, friction surfaces protected by classic anti-
coatings as a form of anti-corrosive protection of
corrosive protection, and the surfaces protected by
friction surfaces as opposed to the national regulations
zinc rich ethyl-silicate coating will be presented
adopted thirty years ago (1985) which were, until
recently, the only binding regulations in the Republic ofthrough two referential researches. These values are
Serbia. significant for analysis of adequacy ofzinc-silicate
coatings implementation.
In his doctc>ral dissertation, Vlajic [01] experi- production cost. For this reason, it became wide- ng
mentally, usstandardized procedures, deter- ly used in industry, especially for production of n coefficients on the
mined frictiofriction surfaces sandpapers, abrasive materials and similar. : The author conducted an extensive
protected by experimen- ition using aluminum and magne- tal research (a total of 260 specimens) and de- >y
- metallize AlMg5, termined friction coefficients (table 3) with small iti on using pure aluminum standard deviations,
sium allc which confirms quality and
- metal anti-corrosion protection' (chlorine reliability of this experimen'al research lanufactured by .Zorka" Sabac), The
liza
obtained values for the surfaces treated
- classic primer coating with addition of sili- by ant! meta"iZati°nuare consi?-
erab hi her than those dafinedby
primer m ide (or carborundum) SiC. ly g , , E"roc°de
which makes experimental determination of fric-
- chlorine or the purpose of in the
tion coefficients for the purposes of construction
con carb rch was determined friction coeffi-
of structures increasingly important. By adding
In addition, 1surfaces without anti-corrosive pro-
carborundum to the classical coatings, friction
same resea different levels of treatment: b
w° y coefficient was increased for more than 30%,
cient on theand by polishing
. which justified this procedure. It was concluded
tection, forea was to improve the characteristics
that better results could be achieved by applying
sandblasting ti-corrosive protection and increase
i carborundum on only one friction surface. In this
The initial id< oefficient by adding silicon carbide,
: way, crushing of the grains in mutual contact at
of classic armake it applicable in friction oints
j . the moment when the bolts are being tightened
the friction cde belongs to inorganic compounds would be prevented.
which woulcjly high toughness and relatively low
Silicon carb
with extreme
Table 3: Friction coefficients forvarious methods of treatment of friction areas - Vlajic [01]
Wylliam Husson in the research which is the in- The coating, used during research, has already tegral part of his
thesis [4], among other things, been widely used in construction of wind tur- determined friction coefficients on
the surfaces bines and it can be used as a single coating, or treated in two ways: as a primer in a complex
system of anti-corro-
steel plates of S355 class, sand blasted to sion protection. In both cases it is applied in a Sa2,5 level, in all
according to the standard layer of 50 |jm to 80 |jm with the zinc content ISO-8501-1 [5], subsequently coated with
rangingbetween70and90%.
two-component zinc rich ethyl - silicate coat- Weathering steel contains elements allowing ing „TEMASIL 90",
manufactured by ,,Tikku- formation of patina in the event of exposure rila Coatings", to weather effects. A number
of samples was
weathering steel plates with commercial formed from the plates which did not exhibit name „COR-TEN B" [6]
manufactured by rust, and the remaining number from the plates „Ruukki", in the first batch sand blasted and
exposed to weather effects which were fitted immediately tightened with bolts, and in the among the samples
after formation of patina. second batch sandblasted and exposed to The product „COR-TEN B", according to its
me- weathereffects priortotightening. chanical properties corresponds to the steel of
the S355J0W(P) class.
130
If
NenadFric - Usage ofzinc-silicate coatings -y • Hi-
1
The friction coefficients presented in Table 4 were prescribed for the class B of frictic were >n surfaces
determined for formed specimens. It is important tonot attained on the samples p zinc rich rotected by
point out that the friction coefficients coating.
a)
b)
c)
Figure 1: a) Spraying offilm with fresh
waterin low humidity conditions; b) and
c) Measuring ofthe coating
thickness in wet state [09]
FRICTION at determining
COEFFICI of friction
ENTS IN coefficient.
CASE OF Friction co-
IMPLEME efficient was
NTATION determined by
OFZINC- testing of a total
SILICATE of 48
COATING specimens, and
"RESIST a particular
86" emphasis was
placed on
The fact the analysis of the
zinc-silicate impact of time
coating ,,Resist interval
86" never between the
before was application of
used for friction coating and
joints, called for tightening of the
an extensive bolts, for the
132 Journal of Applied Engineering Science 14(2016)1, 363
experimental attained friction
research aimed coefficients.
The test [07] attained friction
was divided in coefficients
two parts. The were between
first, where the 0,46 and 0,50
tightening of the but there was
bolts and also a standard
testing of the deviation of less
specimens took than 8 % which
place at the is within the
same moment - permissible
one after boundaries
another, and according to the
the second part standard.
where the The obtained
samples were results certainly
tested after a justified imple-
mentation of
certain time
,,Resist 86"
passed since coating in the
the bolts had friction surfaces
been tightened. of the ,,Gazela"
The initial tests bridge, but they
demonstrated raised the
that in a short question of
technology and
time period duration of con-
after application struction
of the coating regarding the
(up to 3 days) it anti-corrosive
is not possible protection of
to attain the friction surfaces.
Since it was a
required friction
reconstruction
coefficient. The ofthe existing
obtained friction bridge structure,
coefficients of it was
0,29 to 0,38, conducted in
but also a phases, and it
prominent was very
important to
dissipation of
provide
results, restoration of
indicated the the
need to perform prefabricated
tests after a elements of the
longer time bridge (plates
period since the and bolts) into
the original state
moment of
in as short time
application of as possible after
the coating. their disman-
Accordingly, the tling. For that
tests were reason, a third
performed 6, 8 part of this
and 10 days research was
conducted,
since the mo- where the
ment of friction
application of coefficients
the coating, on were
4 specimens for determined 10
132 each
Journal of Applied days 363
time 14(2016)1,
Engineering Science after
application of
period. The
the coating, and results, i.e. the
tightening of the best friction
bolts to the full coefficients
torque was between 0,49
accomplished and 0,50.
72 h after Following the
application of made
the coating. The conclusions, the
obtained results contractor
allowed im- developed of a
provement of system of
technology of supporting the
reconstruction of platess using a
the bridge long grub
construction and screws (Figure
considerable 2). In this way, it
shortening of was made
time required for possible to
works on the tighten the bolts
anti-corrosive 72 h after
protection. The application of
bolt tightening the coating.
72h after After tightening
application of of all the joints,
the coating and more than ten
loading of the days passed
structure 10 until they were
days after that exposed to
yielded the best service loads
CONCLUSION
1) Lj. Vlajic: „Ponasanje spojeva sa visokovred- nim zavrtnjevima pri eksploatacionom i granicnom
opterecenju", Doktorska disert- acija, Univerzitet u Nisu, 1993, 122 str.
•BP
2) SRPS U.E7.140:1985: ,,Spojevi sa vijcima visoke klase cvrstoce kod nosecih celicnih konstrukcija-Tehnicki
uslovi", 1985.
3) SRPS EN 1090-2:2012: "Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 2: Technical requ for
the execution of steel structures", Institute for standardization of Serbia, 2012.
4) W. Husson: ..Friction Connections with Slotted Holes for Wind Towers", Licentiate Theses, Lulea University
of Technology, 2008, 192p.
5) ISO 8501-1:2007: .Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products —
Visual assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel
substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings", International organiza-
tionforstandardization, 1998.
doi:10.5937/jaes14-10450