Chemistry - Syllabus PDF
Chemistry - Syllabus PDF
Chemistry - Syllabus PDF
GRADUATE
COURSE IN CHEMISTRY
(Bachelor of Science Examination)
UNDER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
Course structure of UG Chemistry Honours
Semester Course Course Name Credits Total marks
GE-I GE-I 04 75
GE-I Practical GE-I Lab 02 25
22 400
GE-II GE-II 04 75
GE-II Practical GE-II Lab 02 25
22 400
28 500
28 500
DSE-I DSE-I 04 75
DSE-I Practical DSE-I Lab 02 25
DSE-II DSE-II 04 75
DSE-II Practical DSE-II Lab 02 25
24 400
DSE-III DSE-III 04 75
DSE-III Practical DSE-III Lab 02 25
DSE-IV DSE-IV 04 75
DSE-IV Practical DSE-IV Lab 02 25
OR
24 400
CORE PAPER1
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I
Unit-I
Atomic structure
Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom, Sommerfeld’s
modification. Wave mechanics: de Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle (time
independent) and its significance, Derivation of Schrödinger’s wave equation (for hydrogen
atom) in Cartesian coordinate, significance of ψ and ψ2. Normalized and orthogonal wave
functions. Sign of wave functions; Setting of Schrödinger’s equation in polar coordinates
(derivation not required), radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom. Radial and
angular distribution curves; Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals; Quantum numbers and their
significance. Pauli’s Exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s
principle and its limitations.
Unit-II
Periodicity of elements
Periodicity of Elements: s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table. Detailed
discussion of the following properties of the elements, with reference to s & p-blocks. (a)
Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear
charge in periodic table. (b) Atomic radii (van der Waals) (c) Ionic and crystal radii. (d) Covalent
radii (octahedral and tetrahedral) (e) Ionization enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and
factors affecting ionization energy. Applications of ionization enthalpy. (f) Electron gain
enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy. (g) Electronegativity, Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s
electronegativity scales. Variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial charge,
hybridization. Sanderson’s electron density ratio.
Unit-III
Chemical bonding-I
Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its
limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation. Madelung
constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation energy. (ii) Covalent bond: Valence
Bond theory (Heitler-London approach). Hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal
planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements, equivalent
and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals, Resonance and resonance energy.
Molecular orbital theory. Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic
molecules N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions (CO+, NO+, NO-).
Unit-IV
Chemical bonding-II
VSEPR theory, shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone and bond pairs of electrons,
multiple bonding (σ and π bond approach) and bond lengths. Covalent character in ionic
compounds, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules and consequences of polarization.
Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole moment. Percentage ionic
character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference.
Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and
insulators. (ii) Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole
interactions, induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions.
Repulsive forces, Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment)
Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution process.
Oxidation-reduction: Redox equations, standard electrode potential and its applications to
inorganic reactions. Principles involved in some volumetric analyses (iron and copper).
List of experiments
CORE PAPER II
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- I
Unit-I
Gaseous state-I
Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision
frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including their temperature
and pressure dependence, relation between mean free path and coefficient of viscosity,
calculation of σ from η; variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure.
Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square
and most probable) and average kinetic energy, law of equipartition of energy, degrees of
freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities.
Behaviour of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor, Z, and its
variation with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour. van der
Waal’s equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour.
Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states,
critical state, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants, law of
corresponding states.
Unit-II
Liquid state
Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state; physical properties of liquids; vapour
pressure, surface tension and coefficient of viscosity, and their determination. Effect of addition
of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Explanation of cleansing action of detergents.
Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases. Qualitative
discussion of structure of water.
Ionic equilibria- I
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases,
pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono- and diprotic acids.
Unit- III: Solid state
Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller
indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, seven
crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account of
rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Analyses of powder diffraction patterns of
NaCl, CsCl and KCl. Defects in crystals (stoichiometric and non- stoichiometric). Glasses and
liquid crystals.
Unit-IV
Ionic equilibria - II
Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts.
Buffer solutions; derivation of Henderson equation and its applications; buffer capacity, buffer
range, buffer action and applications of buffers in analytical chemistry and biochemical
processes in the human body. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts –
applications of solubility product principle. Qualitative treatment of acid – base titration curves
(calculation of pH at various stages). Theory of acid–base indicators; selection of indicators and
their limitations.
Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems; hydrolysis and hydrolysis constants.
pH-metry
a. Study the effect on pH of addition of HCl/NaOH to solutions of acetic acid, sodium
acetate and their mixtures.
b. Preparation of buffer solutions of different pH (i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid (ii)
Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
c. pH metric titration of (i) strong acid vs. strong base, (ii) weak acid vs. strong base.
d. Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid.
Ionic equilibria
a. Determination of solubility product of PbI2 by titrimetric method.
Reference Books
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co., New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 8th
Ed.; McGraw-Hill, New York (2003).
3. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S. Practical Physical Chemistry, Viva Books (2009).
4. Halpern, A. M. &McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman
& Co., New York (2003).
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Unit –I:
Basics of organic chemistry
Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects,
hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative
strength.
Homolytic and heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules; Electrophiles and
Nucleophiles; Nucleophilicity and basicity; Types, shape and relative stability of carbocations,
carbanions, free radicals and carbenes.
Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and
Substitution reactions.
Carbon-carbon sigma bonds
Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz-Fittig Reactions, Free
radical substitutions: Halogenation -relative reactivity and selectivity.
Unit – II:
Stereochemistry
Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae; Geometrical isomerism: cis–
trans and, syn-anti isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules.
Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers,
Molecules with one and two chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, meso-structures, Racemic mixture
and resolution, inversion. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations.
Unit – III:
Chemistry of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Carbon-Carbon pi bonds:
Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb
reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations.
Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti
Markownikoff addition), mechanism of oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration oxidation,
ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1,2- and
1,4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and, Diels-Alder reaction; Reactions of alkynes:
Acidity, Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions. Hydration to form carbonyl compounds,
Alkylation of terminal alkynes.
Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis
Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformational analysis
of alkanes (ethane and n-butane): Relative stability with energy diagrams. Energy diagrams of
cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms.
Unit – IV:
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Aromaticity: Hückel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions and
heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution:
halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their
mechanism. Directing effects of the groups
Recommended Text Books:
1. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N., Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
2. Bhal and Bhal, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, S. Chand Publisher, 2012.
3. Kalsi, P. S., Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism; 8thEdn, New Age
International, 2015.
Reference Books:
1. Graham Solomons T. W., Fryhle, Craig B., Snyder Scott A, Organic Chemistry, Wiley
Student Ed, 11th Edition (2013)
2. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition,
Oxford Publisher, 2014.
3. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications
CORE PAPER III LAB
Students are required to learn the followings:
• Checking the calibration of the thermometer
• Determination of melting point, effect of impurities on the melting point – mixed melting
point of two unknown organic compounds
• Determination of boiling point of liquid compounds [boiling point lower than and more
than 100°C (up to 160°C) by distillation and capillary method, respectively](e.g., ethanol,
cyclohexane, ethyl methyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetylacetone, anisole,
crotonaldehyde, mesityl oxide etc.).
List of experiments
1. Functional group tests for alcohols, phenols, carbonyl and carboxylic acid groups and
identification of unknown organic compounds of CHO system (without element detection).
2. Separation and purification of any one component of following binary solid mixture based
on the solubility in common laboratory reagents like water (cold, hot), dil. HCl, dil. NaOH,
dil. NaHCO3, etc. and determination of melting point.
Benzoic acid/p-Toluidine; p-Nitrobenzoic acid/p-Aminobenzoic acid; p-Nitrotolune/p-
Anisidine etc.
3. Chromatography
• Separation of a mixture of two amino acids by ascending and horizontal paper
chromatography
• Separation of a mixture of two sugars by ascending paper chromatography
OR
• Separation of a mixture of o-and p-nitrophenol or o-and p-aminophenol by thin layer
chromatography (TLC)
Reference Books
1. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009)
2. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic Chemistry,
5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
CORE PAPER IV
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
Unit-I:
Chemical thermodynamics
Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems;
zeroth law of thermodynamics.
First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy,
H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible, irreversible and
free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
Unit-II
Carnot cycle, efficiency of heat engine, Carnot theorem
Second Law: Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second
law of thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy. Calculation of
entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes.
Third Law: Statement of third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy
of molecules.
Free Energy Functions: Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free
energy change and spontaneity. Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other
thermodynamic parameters, inversion temperature, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Maxwell
relations, thermodynamic equation of state.
Unit-III
Systems of variable composition
Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition; Gibbs
Duhem equation, chemical potential of ideal mixtures, change in thermodynamic functions in
mixing of ideal gases.
Chemical equilibrium
Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advancement of reaction, chemical equilibria
in ideal gases, concept of fugacity. Thermodynamic derivation of relation between Gibbs free
energy of reaction and reaction quotient (vant Hoff’s reaction). Equilibrium constants and their
quantitative dependence on temperature, pressure and concentration. Free energy of mixing and
spontaneity; thermodynamic derivation of relations between the various equilibrium constants
Kp, Kc and Kx. Le Chatelier principle (quantitative treatment) and its applications.
Unit-IV
Solutions and Colligative Properties
Dilute solutions; lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their applications.
Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potential to derive relations between the four
colligative properties: (i) relative lowering of vapour pressure, (ii) elevation of boiling point, (iii)
Depression of freezing point, (iv) osmotic pressure and amount of solute. Applications in
calculating molar masses of normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solution.
Recommended Text Books:
1. Atkins P. W. & Paula, J. de, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press,
6th Ed., (2006).
2. Principles of Physical Chemistry, Puri, Sharma &Pathania, Vishal Publishing Co, 47th
Edn., 2017.
3. Text Book of Physical Chemistry, K. L. Kapoor, Mac Grow Hill, 3rdEdn. 2017
4. Castellan G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
Reference Books:
1. Engel T. & Reid P., Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Pearson (2013).
2. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.:
New Delhi (2004).
3. Kheterpal S.C., Pradeep’s Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pradeep Publications.
CORE PAPER IV LAB
THERMOCHEMISTRY
Reference Books
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Athawale, V. D. & Mathur, P. Experimental Physical Chemistry, New Age International:
New Delhi (2001).
3. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S. Practical Physical Chemistry, Viva Books (2009)
CORE PAPER V
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
UNIT-I
General Principles of Metallurgy
Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham
diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agent.
Electrolytic Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic
process, Parting process, van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s process, Zone refining.
UNIT-II
Chemistry of s and p Block Elements - I
Inert pair effect, Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and
anomalous behaviour of first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Complex
formation tendency of s and p block elements.
Hydrides and their classification ionic, covalent and interstitial. Basic beryllium acetate and
nitrate.
UNIT-III
Chemistry of s and p Block Elements - II
Study of the following compounds with emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties
and uses.
Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic
compounds, silanes. Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine. Peroxo acids
of sulphur, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens and basic properties of
halogens.
UNIT-IV
Noble Gases
Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, clathrates; preparation and
properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; Nature of bonding in noble gas compounds (Valence bond
treatment and MO treatment for XeF2). Molecular shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR
theory).
Inorganic Polymers:
Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects
and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes, and
polysulphates.
Recommended Text Books:
1. Lee J. D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry Wiley India, 5thEdn., 2008.
2. Huheey J. E., Keiter E. A. and Keiter R. L., Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of structure
and reactivity, , Pearson Education, 4th Ed. 2002.
3. Puri, Sharma, Kalia, Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Vishal Pub. Co., 33rd ed., 2017.
4. Shriver D. E.,Atkins P. W., InorganicChemistry, Oxford University Press,5thEdn.(2010).
Reference books
1. Das Asim K., Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. I, CBS Publications, 2nd Ed.
2010.
2. Pradeep’s Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Universal Book seller, 14th Ed. 2017.
Reference Books:
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
2. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University Press
(2005).
3. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., (2017).
CORE PAPER VI
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
UNIT-I
Chemistry of Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2 and SNi
mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic substitution vs.
elimination.
Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts, nucleophilic
aromaticsubstitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism.
Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic
substitution reactions.
Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li – Use in synthesis of organic compounds.
UNIT-II
Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Epoxides
Alcohols: preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, Bouvaelt-
BlancReduction; Preparation and properties of glycols: Oxidation by periodic acid and lead
tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement;
Phenols: Preparation and properties; Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitutionreactions,
Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen rearrangements with
mechanism;
Ethers and Epoxides: Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides withalcohols,
ammonia derivatives and LiAlH4
UNIT-III
Carbonyl Compounds
Structure, reactivity and preparation:
Nucleophilic additions, Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with ammonia derivatives
with mechanism; Mechanisms of Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation,
Perkin, Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Beckmann rearrangements,α haloform reaction and
Baeyer Villiger oxidation, - substitution reactions, oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen,
Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV.; Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl
compounds: Michael addition.
Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic applications
of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.
UNIT-IV
Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives
Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical reactions of
dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids: succinic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric,
maleic and fumaric acids;
Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides; Comparative study
of nucleophilic sustitution at acyl group -Mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters,
Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann-bromamide
degradation and Curtius rearrangement.
Sulphur containing compounds: Preparation and reactions of thiols and thioethers.
UNIT-IV
Catalysis
Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces;
effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-
Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.
Surface chemistry:
Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich and Gibb’s
isotherms), nature of adsorbed state.
Recommended Text Books:
1. Atkins P. W. & Paula, J. de, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press,
6th Ed., (2006).
2. Puri, Sharma &Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co, 47th
Edn., 2017.
3. Kapoor K. L., Text Book of Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 3rd Edn. 2017
4. Castellan G. W. Physical Chemistry 4thEdn. Narosa (2004).
Reference Books:
1. Kheterpal S.C., Pradeep’s Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pradeep Publications
2. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry 6thEd., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011).
3. Ball D. W. Physical Chemistry Thomson Press, India (2007).
4. Engel T. & Reid P., Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Pearson (2013)
CORE PAPER VII LAB
1. Determination of distribution coefficients of:
(a) Iodine between water and carbon tetrachloride.
(b) Acetic/ benzoic acid between water and cyclohexane.
2. Study the equilibrium of at least one of the following reactions by the distribution
method:
• I2 (aq) + I¯ → I3¯(aq)
Reference Books:
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
UNIT-II
Transition Elements-I
General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, colour, variable valency,
magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. Stability of various oxidation
states and e.m.f. (Latimer &Bsworth diagrams). Difference between the first, second and third
transition series.
UNIT-III
Transition Elements-II
Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co in various oxidation states (excluding their metallurgy).
Lanthanoids and Actinoids
Electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, spectral and magnetic properties,lanthanide
contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only).
General features of actinoids, separation of Np, Pm, Am from U.
UNIT-IV
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action in
biological system. Na/K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase. Excess and deficiency
of some trace metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), reasons for toxicity, Use of
chelating agents in medicine.
Iron and its application in bio-systems, Haemoglobin and myoglobin.
Reference books
1. Das Asim K., Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. II, CBS Publications, 2nd Ed.
2010.
2. Bioinorganic Chemistry, Asim Kumar Das, Books & Allied (P) Ltd. 1st ed. 2015.
3. Selected Topic in Inorganic Chemistry, Mallick, Madan and Tuli, S. Chand Publisher.
17th Ed. 2010.
4. Pradeep’s Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Universal Book seller, 14th Ed. 2017.
Gravimetric Analysis:
i. Estimation of nickel(II) using dimethylglyoxime (DMG).
ii. Estimation of copper as CuSCN
iii. Estimation of iron as Fe2O3 by precipitating iron as Fe(OH)3.
iv. Estimation of Al(III) by precipitating with oxine and weighing as Al(oxine)3
(aluminiumoxinate).
Reference Books:
1. Vogel, A.I. A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS (1978).
2. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University Press
(2005).
3. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd., (2017).
CORE PAPER IX
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-III
UNIT-I
Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups
Preparation and important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles.
Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive
methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with
Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid.
UNIT-II
Diazonium Salts
Preparation and their synthetic applications.
Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Reactions of naphthalene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and structure elucidation and
important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene. Polynuclear hydrocarbons.
UNIT-III
Heterocyclic Compounds
Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered and 6-membered rings
containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of:
Furan, Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis), Thiophene,
Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine. Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis,
Derivatives of furan: Furfural and furoic acid (preparation only).
UNIT-IV
Alkaloids
Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action
Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and synthesis of
Hygrine and Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine, Morphine, Cocaine,
and Reserpine.
Terpenes
Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of structure and synthesis of Citral, Neral
and α-terpineol.
Recommended Text Books:
1. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N., Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Arun Bahl & B S Bahl, S. Chand Publisher,
2012.
Reference Books:
1. Graham Solomons T. W., Fryhle, Craig B., Snyder Scott A, Organic Chemistry, Wiley
Student Ed, 11th Edition (2013)
2. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford
Publisher, 2014.
3. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications
CORE PAPER X
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-IV
UNIT-I
Conductance-I
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity
and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Molar conductivity at infinite
dilution. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation,
Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules.
UNIT-II
Conductance-II
Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to
ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving Boundary
methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation of weak
electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly
soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of salts.
UNIT-III
Electrochemistry-I
Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions
based on half-cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry.
Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell
and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its
application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in determining
free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH
values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass electrodes.
UNIT-IV
Electrochemistry-II
Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of
activity coefficients and transference numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric
titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation).
Electrical properties of atoms and molecules
Basic ideas of electrostatics, Electrostatics of dielectric media. Clausius-Mosotti equation and
Lorenz-Laurentz equation (no derivation), Dipole moment and molecular polarizabilities and
their measurements.
Reference Books:
1. Engel T. & Reid P., Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Pearson (2013).
2. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry 6thEd., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011).
3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.:
New Delhi (2004).
4. Kheterpal S.C., Pradeep’s Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pradeep Publications
CORE PAPER X LAB
Conductometry
I. Determination of cell constant.
II. Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
III. Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Strong acid vs. weak base
Potentiometry
I Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Dibasic acid vs. strong base
Reference Books:
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand
&Co.,New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P., Experiments in Physical Chemistry8th
Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3. Halpern, A. M. &McBane, G. C., Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rdEd.; W.H.
Freeman & Co., New York (2003).
4. Viswanathan, B., Raghavan, P.S., Practical Physical Chemistry, Viva Books (2009).
CORE PAPER XI
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-IV
UNIT-I
Organic Spectroscopy-I
UV Spectroscopy: Types of electronic transitions, λmax, Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations,
Chromophores and Auxochromes,Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts, Intensity of
absorption; Application of Woodward rules for calculation of λmax for the following systems: α,β
the unsaturated aldehydes: ketones, carboxylic acids and esters; Conjugated dienes: alicyclic,
homoannular and heteroannular; Extended conjugated systems (aldehydes, ketones and dienes);
distinction between cis and trans isomers.
UNIT-II
Organic Spectroscopy-II
IR Spectroscopy: Fundamental and non-fundamental molecular vibrations; IR
absorptionpositions of O and N containing functional groups; Effect of H-bonding, conjugation,
resonance and ring size on IR absorptions; Fingerprint region and its significance; application in
simple functional group analysis.
UNIT-III
Organic Spectroscopy-III
NMR Spectroscopy: Basic principles of Proton Magnetic Resonance, chemical shift andfactors
influencing it; Spin-spin coupling and coupling constant; Anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne,
aldehydes and aromatics; Interpretation of NMR spectra of simple compounds.
Mass Spectroscopy- Basic principle, Fragmentation pattern, instrumentation, determination of
m/e ratio. Application of mass spectroscopy on CH4, C2H6, n-butane and neo-pentane.
Applications of IR, UV & NMR for identification of simple organic molecules.
UNIT-IV
Carbohydrates
Occurrence, classification and their biological importance.
Monosaccharides: Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers and
anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth projections
and conformational structures; Interconversions of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani-Fischer
synthesis and Ruff degradation;
Disaccharides – Structure elucidation of maltose; Polysaccharides – Elementary treatment of
starch, cellulose.
1. Y R Sharma, Elementary Organic Spectroscopy, 5th Edition, S. Chand & Company, 2013.
2. Jag Mohan, Organic Spectroscopy and Applications, NarosaPublishrs, 2012.
3. Graham Solomons T. W., Fryhle, Craig B., Snyder Scott A, Organic Chemistry, Wiley
Student Ed, 11th Edition (2013).
4. Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford
Publisher, 2014.
5. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications
Reference Books:
UNIT-I
Quantum Chemistry-I
Quantum mechanical operators, Postulates of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger equation and its
application to particle in one-dimensional box (complete solution) - quantization of energy
levels, zero-point energy, normalization of wave functions, probability distribution functions,
nodal properties. Extension to three-dimensional boxes, separation of variables, degeneracy.
Qualitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model of vibrational motion: Setting up of
Schrödinger equation and discussion of solution and wave functions. Vibrational energy of
diatomic molecules and zero-point energy.
Angular momentum: Commutation rules, quantization of square of total angular momentum and
z-component.
Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule: Schrödinger equation, transformation to
spherical polar coordinates. Separation of variables (Preliminary treatment).
UNIT-II
Chemical Bonding
Chemical bonding: Covalent bonding, valence bond and molecular orbital approaches, LCAO-
MO treatment of H2+. Bonding and antibonding orbitals. Qualitative extension to H2.
Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H2 (only wave functions, detailed solution not
required) and their limitations. Localized and non-localized molecular orbitals treatment of
triatomic (BeH2, H2O) molecules. Qualitative MO theory and its application to AH2 type
molecules.
UNIT-III
Molecular Spectroscopy-I
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; Born-
Oppenheimer approximation.
Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond
lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution.
Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant,
amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation
energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic
molecules, modes of vibration. Vibration-rotation spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q,
R branches.
UNIT-IV
Molecular Spectroscopy-II
Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear spin,
Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule of mutual
exclusion.
Electronic spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic transitions, singlet and triplet
states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and predissociation.
Photochemistry
Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, physical significance of absorption coefficients.
Laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and high quantum yields,
photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of photochemical reactions, photosensitised
reactions, quenching, chemiluminescence.
Spectrophotometric titration
1. Determine the concentration of HCl against 0.1 N NaOH spectrophotometrically.
2. To find the strength of given ferric ammonium sulfate solution of (0.05 M) by using EDTA
spectrophotometrically.
3. To find out the strength of CuSO4 solution by titrating with EDTA spectrophotometrically.
4. To determine the concentration of Cu(II) and Fe(III) solution photometrically by titrating
with EDTA.
Reference Books
1. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011).
2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in PhysicalChemistry 8th
Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
3. Halpern, A. M. &McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rdEd.; W.H. Freeman
& Co.: New York (2003).
4. J. N. Gurtu, R. Kapoor, Experimental Physical Chemistry.
Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted
metal carbonyls of 3d series. General methods of preparation (direct combination, reductive
carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition) of mono and binuclear carbonyls of
3d series. Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using
VBT. π-acceptor behaviour of CO (MO diagram of CO to be discussed), synergic effect and
use of IR data to explain extent of back bonding.
Zeise’s salt: Preparation and structure, evidences of synergic effect and comparison of synergic
effect with that in carbonyls.
UNIT-II
Organometallic Compounds-II
Metal Alkyls: Important structural features of methyl lithium (tetramer) and trialkyl aluminium
(dimer), concept of multicentre bonding in these compounds. Role of triethylaluminium in
polymerisation of ethene (Ziegler – Natta Catalyst). Species present in ether solution of
Grignard reagent and their structures.
UNIT-III
Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds
Study of the following industrial processes and their mechanism:
1. Alkene hydrogenation (Wilkinson’s Catalyst)
2. Hydroformylation (Co salts)
3. Wacker Process
4. Synthetic gasoline (Fischer Tropsch reaction)
UNIT-IV
Thermodynamic & kinetic aspects and reaction mechanism of metal complexes
Thermodynamic and kinetic stability, Stepwise and overall formation constants and their
relationship, factors affecting stability. Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms-types of
reaction and classification od substitution reaction. Substitution reaction of square planar
complexes, Trans effect and its applications, theories of trans-effect (electrostatic polarization
and Static π-Bonding Theory). Kinetics of octahedral substitution (classification of metal ions
based on water exchange rate), General mechanism of ligand substitution reactions in
octahedral complexes (D, I, Id, Ia).
Reference Books
1. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Ed, Revised by G. Svehela, 4th Ed., Person
(2007).
2. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd., (2017).
UNIT-I
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
Amino acids: Classification; α-Amino acids - Synthesis, ionic properties and reactions.
Zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point and electrophoresis.
Peptides: Classification, determination of their primary structures-end group analysis, methods
of peptide synthesis. Synthesis of peptides using N-protecting, CORE PAPERprotecting and
CORE PAPERactivating groups -Solid-phase synthesis.
Proteins: Structure of proteins, protein denaturation and renaturation
UNIT-II
Enzymes
Introduction, classification and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of
enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as example), factors affecting enzyme
action, coenzymes and cofactors and their role in biological reactions, specificity of enzyme
action (including stereo specificity), enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of
inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric
inhibition).
Nucleic Acids
Components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides;
Structure, synthesis and reactions of: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine;
Structure of polynucleotides.
UNIT-III
Lipids
Introduction to oils and fats; common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Hydrogenntion of fats
and oils, Saponification value, acid value, iodine number. Reversion and rancidity.
Concept of Energy in Biosystems
Cells obtain energy by the oxidation of foodstuff (organic molecules). Introduction to
metabolism (catabolism and anabolism).
Overview of catabolic pathways of fat and protein.
Interrelationship in the metabolic pathways of protein, fat and carbohydrate. Caloric value of
food, standard caloric content of food types.
UNIT-IV
Pharmaceutical Compounds: Structure and Importance
Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis),
Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An
elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol, Medicinal values of
curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).
Dyes
Classification, colour and constitution; Mordant and Vat dyes; Chemistry of dyeing.
Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange and Congo red (mechanism of Diazo
Coupling); Triphenylmethane dyes - Malachite Green, and crystal violet; Phthalein dyes –
Phenolphthalein and Fluorescein.
Reference Books:
1. Talwar, G.P. & Srivastava, M. Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology, 3rd Ed.
PHI Learning.
2. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. &Stryer, L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.
4. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A. and Rodwell, V.W. (2009) Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry. XXVIII edition. Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill.
5. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2006) Biochemistry, 6th Edition. W.H.
Freeman and Co. (2002).
6. Wilson, K. & Walker, J. Practical Biochemistry. Cambridge University Press (2009).
7. The Tools of Biochemistry (1977; Reprint 2011) Cooper, T.G., Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
(New Delhi), ISBN: 978-81-265-3016-8.
CORE PAPER XIV LAB
1. Preparations of the following compounds
i. Aspirin
ii. Methyl orange
2. Estimation of phenol and aniline by bromination method.
3. Saponification value of an oil/fat/ester.
4. Estimation of glycine by Sorenson’s formalin method.
5. Estimation formaldehyde (formalin).
6. Estimation of ascorbic acid in fruit juices/Vitamin C tablet (Iodometric method)
7. Determination of Iodine number of an oil/ fat.
Reference Books:
1. Arthur, I. Vogel, Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part-1 Small scale
preparations, Indian Edition, Pearson (2011).
2. Manual of Biochemistry Workshop, 2012, Department of Chemistry, University of
Delhi.
3. Arthur, I. Vogel, Quantitative Organic Analysis, Pearson.
4. Wilson, K. & Walker, J. Practical Biochemistry. Cambridge University Press (2009).
Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1
POLYMER CHEMISTRY
UNIT-I
Introduction and history of polymeric materials:
Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and
chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers.
Functionality and its importance:
Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,
Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-
functional systems, Poly-functional systems.
UNIT-II
Mechanism & Kinetics of Polymerization:
Polymerization reactions – addition and condensation, mechanism and kinetics of step growth,
radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and anionic) and coordination polymerizations,
Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization, polymerization techniques.
Crystallization and crystallinity:
Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of crystalline
polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.
UNIT-III
Molecular weight of polymers and their determination (Mn,Mw, Mv, Mz) by end group
analysis,viscometry and osmotic pressure methods. Molecular weight distribution and its
significance. Polydispersity index.
Glass transition temperature (Tg) and it determination: WLFequation, Outlines of factors
affecting glass transition temperature (Tg).
UNIT-IVProperties of polymers (physical, thermal and mechanical properties).
Preparation, structure, properties and applications of the following polymers: polyolefins
(polyethylene, polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,
polyacrylamide, fluoro polymers (Teflon), polyamides (nylon-6 and nylon 6,6). Thermosetting
polymers - phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite, Novalac), polyurethanes, conducting polymers
(polyacetylene, polyaniline). Brief outline of biodegradable polymers.
Recommended Text Books:
1. V. R. Gowarikar, Jayadev Sreedhar, N. V. Viswanathan, Polymer Science 1st Edition,
New Age International Publishers, 1986.
2. Premamoy Ghosh, Polymer Science and Technology: Plastics, Rubber, Blends and
Composites, 3rdEdition, McGraw Hill Education, 2010.
3. P. Bahadur &N.V.Sastry, Principles of polymer science, Narosa Publishing house, New
Delhi 2002.
4. Fred W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)
Reference books
1. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
2. Malcolm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Oxford University
Press (2005)
3. Seymour/Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).
4. Nayak P.L., Polymer Chemistry, Kalyani Publisher (2017).
Reference Books:
1. Hundiwale G.D., Athawale V.D., Kapadi U.R. and Gite V. V., Experiments in Polymer
Science, New Age Publications (2009)
2. Malcohm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd Ed.
3. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
4. Petr Munk and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, 2nd ed.
John Wiley & Sons (2002)
5. Malcolm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Oxford University
Press (2005)
Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1I
GREEN CHEMISTRY
UNIT-I
Introduction to Green Chemistry
What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry. Limitations/
Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry.
UNIT-II
Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis-II
Explanation of green chemistry principles with special emphasis on:
Energy efficient processes for synthesis - use of microwaves and ultrasonic energy. Selection of
starting materials (use of renewable feedstock); avoidance of unnecessary derivatization (e.g.
blocking group, protection groups, deprotection); Use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible)
in preference to stoichiometric reagents; designing of biodegradable products use of chemically
safer substances for prevention of chemical accidents, inherent safer design greener - alternative
to Bhopal Gas Tragedy (safer route to carcarbaryl) and Flixiborough accident (safer route to
cyclohexanol); real-time, in-process monitoring and control to prevent the formation of
hazardous substances; development of green analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the
generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes;
UNIT-III
Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions and some real world cases-I
Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, methyl methacrylate,
urethane, disodium iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis), paracetamol, furfural.
Microwave assisted reactions: Applications to reactions (i) in water: Hofmann Elimination,
hydrolysis (of benzyl chloride, methyl benzoate to benzoic acid), Oxidation (of toluene,
alcohols); (ii) reactions in organic solvents: Diels-Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction.
Ultrasound assisted reactions: Applications to esterification, saponification, Simmons-Smith
Reaction (Ultrasonic alternative to Iodine).
UNIT-IV
Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions and some real world cases-II
Surfactants for carbon dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting solvents with
CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments; Designing of Environmentally safe
marine antifoulant; Rightfit pigment: synthetic azopigments to replace toxic organic and
inorganic pigments; Synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly lactic acid)
from corn; Development of Fully Recyclable Carpet: Cradle to Cradle Carpeting
Reference Books:
1. Matlack A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
2. Das Asim K. amd Das Mahua , Environment Chemistry with Green Chemistry, Books
and Allied (P) Ltd. (2010)
H2SO4/Δ
(II) 1-propanol propene + water
Reference Books:
1. Monograph on Green Chemistry Laboratory Experiments, edited and published by Green
Chemistry Task Force Committee, DST Govt. of India, p. 1-79.
2. Kirchoff, M. & Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistryexperiment.
American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).
3. Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green Chemistry Experiment:A
monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN978-93-
81141-55-7 (2013).
UNIT-I
Industrial Gases and Inorganic Chemicals
Industrial Gases: Large scale production, uses, storage and hazards in handling of thefollowing
gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, chlorine, sulphur
dioxide.
Inorganic Chemicals: Manufacture, application and hazards in handling thefollowing chemicals:
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic soda, common salt, bleaching powder,
sodium thiosulphate, hydrogen peroxide, potash alum, potassium dichromate and potassium
permanganate.
Industrial Metallurgy
Preparation of metals (ferrous and nonferrous) and ultrapure metals for semiconductor
technology.
UNIT-II
Environment and its segments
Ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur.
Air Pollution: Major regions of atmosphere. Chemical and photochemical reactions in
atmosphere. Air pollutants: types, sources, particle size and chemical nature; Photochemical
smog: its constituents and photochemistry. Environmental effects of ozone. Major sources of air
pollution.
Pollution by SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, and H2S and control procedures.
Effects of air pollution on living organisms and vegetation. Greenhouse effect and global
warming, Ozone depletion by oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and halogens, removal of
sulphur from coal.
UNIT-III
Water Pollution: Hydrological cycle, water resources, aquatic ecosystems, Sources andnature of
water pollutants, Techniques for measuring water pollution, Impacts of water pollution on
hydrological and ecosystems.
Water purification methods. Effluent treatment plants (primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment). Industrial effluents from the following industries and their treatment: electroplating,
textile, tannery, dairy, petroleum and petrochemicals, fertilizer. Sludge disposal.
Industrial waste management: incineration of waste. Water treatment and purification (reverse
osmosis, ion exchange). Water quality parameters for wastewater, industrial water and domestic
water.
UNIT-IV
Energy and Environment
Sources of energy: Coal, petrol and natural gas. Nuclear fusion/fission, solar energy, hydrogen,
geothermal, tidal and hydel.
Nuclear Pollution: Disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear disaster and its management.
Biocatalysis
Introduction to biocatalysis: Importance in green chemistry and chemical industry.
Recommended Text Books:
1. De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd, New Delhi,
2010.
2. Stocchi E., Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
3. Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1996).
Reference Books:
4. Felder R.M. and Rousseau R.W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes,
Wiley Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Dara S. S., A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New
Delhi.
6. Miller G.T., Environmental Science, 11th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2006).
7. Mishra, Environmental Studies, Selective and Scientific Books, New Delhi (2005).
Reference Books:
1. Dara S. S., A Textbook on Experiments and Calculations in Engineering
ChemistrySChand & Company; 9th Revised edition (2015).
2. E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
3. R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
4. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
5. S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
Batteries: Primary and secondary batteries, battery components and their role, Characteristics of
Battery. Working of following batteries: Pb acid, Li-Battery, Solid state electrolyte battery. Fuel
cells, Solar cell and polymer cell.
Unit III
Surface Coatings:
Objectives of coatings surfaces, preliminary treatment of surface, classification of surface
coatings. Paints and pigments-formulation, composition and related properties. Oil paint,
Vehicle, modified oils, Pigments, toners and lakes pigments, Fillers, Thinners, Enamels,
emulsifying agents. Special paints (Heat retardant, Fire retardant, Eco-friendly paint, Plastic
paint), Dyes, Wax polishing, Water and Oil paints, additives, Metallic coatings, metal spraying
and anodizing.
Unit IV
Alloys: Classification of alloys, ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, Specific properties of elements in
alloys. Manufacture of Steel (removal of silicon, decarbonization, demanganization,
desulphurization, dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (argon treatment, heat treatment
nitriding, carburizing). Composition and properties of different types of steels.
Chemical explosives: Origin of explosive properties in organic compounds, preparation and
explosive properties of lead azide, PETN, cyclonite (RDX). Introduction to rocket propellants.
Reference Books
1. Dara S. S., A Textbook on Experiments and Calculations in Engineering ChemistryS
Chand & Company; 9th Revised edition (2015).
2. E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
3. R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
4. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
5. J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
6. P. C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
7. R. Gopalan, D. Venkappayya, S. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry, Vikas Publications,
New Delhi.
1. Students shall undertake the project work (experimental/theoretical) related to any branch of
chemistry/Chemical science under the guidance of teacher(s) from the department or jointly
with teachers/research personnel of other institutes.
2. The following activities have been outlined as guidelines (not exhaustive):
• Physiochemical studies (pH, conductivity, turbidity, etc.) of different wetlands (ponds,
lakes, river etc.)
• Analysis of iron in pond / tube well / river water.
• Analysis of Hardness of water samples.
• Adulteration detection activities in food stuff and other edible items.
• Extraction and preliminary characterization of useful chemicals (as far as possible) from
plants.
• Solubility, surface tension, and viscosity measurements of some solution of practical
relevance, (cough syrup, soap solution, pesticides, fertilizers.. etc.)
• Pollution related activities (Industrial/Agricultural/Municipal etc.)
• Nutrition related activities, (essential metal detection in food, cereals, pulses, fruits etc.).
• Small synthetical work (inorganic/Organic/Polymeric compounds)
2. The UG level project work is a group activity, maximum number of students being limited to
three. HOD to notify the name of teacher(s) for supervising the project work of each group. A
teacher can guide more than one group, if necessary.
4. No two groups in the same institution are permitted to do project work on the same problem.
5. Each student shall prepare and submit the project report separately for evaluation. Two copies
of project report are required to be submitted in bound form (spiral/paperback).
6. The project report shall be divided as:
Chapter I: Introduction (Introduction on the topic, review of literature, objective and
scope of the work)
Chapter II: Materials and methods
Chapter II: Results and discussion
Chapter IV: Conclusions and Scope of future studies
Chapter V: References
Reference Books:
1. M. A. Malati, An Investigative, Integrated Approach to Practical Project Work; Mid-Kent
College of Higher/Further Education, UK (October 1999); Imprint: Woodhead
Publishing; ISBN: 978-1-898563-47-1.
2. Dean, J. R., Jones, A. M., Holmes, D., Reed, R., Weyers, J. & Jones, A. (2011) Practical
skills in chemistry. 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Harlow.
Unit II
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis
Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their
expression, normal law of distribution if indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q and t
test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals.
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame
and Burner designs. Techniques of atomization and sample introduction; Method of background
correction, sources of chemical interferences and their method of removal. Techniques for the
quantitative estimation of trace level of metal ions from water samples.
Unit III
Thermal and electro-analytical methods of analysis
Theory of thermo-gravimetry (TG), basic principle of instrumentation. Techniques for
quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture.
Classification of electro-analytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric and
conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence points.
Unit IV
Separation techniques
Solvent extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique. Mechanism of
extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation. Technique of extraction: batch, continuous and
counter current extractions.
Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique. Mechanism of
separation: adsorption, partition & ion exchange. Development of chromatograms: frontal,
elution and displacement methods. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic
methods of analysis: TLC and HPLC.
Reference Books:
1. Vogel, Arthur I: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev. by G. H. Jeffery
and others) 5th Ed., The English Language Book Society of Longman.
2. Willard, Hobert H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed., Wardsworth
Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
3. Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age, International
Publisher, 2009.
GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE)
Unit-II
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic Bonding: General characteristics, energy considerations.Lattice energy and solvation
energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds.
Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its
applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules and its applications.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of
VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds.
MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination of
orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules (N2, O2) and heteronuclear diatomic
molecules (CO, NO). Comparison of VB and MO approaches
Reference Books:
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009)
3. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University Press
(2005).
Reference Books:
1. Kheterpal S.C., Pradeep’s Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pradeep Publications.
2. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications
Generic Elective Paper II LAB
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Ionic equilibria
pH measurements
a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and
soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass
electrode) using pH-meter.
b) Preparation of buffer solutions:
• Sodium acetate-acetic acid
• Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
UNIT-IV
Solids
Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and
identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography - Law of constancy of interfacial
angles, Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law.
Structures of NaCl, and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals.
Chemical Kinetics
The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other factors on
reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate equations for
zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of reactants).
Half–life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction. Concept of
activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular
reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only).
Qualitative analysis of inorganic slat mixture using H2S: not more than four ionic species (two
anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
Cations : NH4+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+,
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, K+
Anions: CO32–, S2–, SO32–, NO3–, Cl–, Br–, I–, NO3–, SO42-, PO43-, F-
(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
Chemical Kinetics
Study the kinetics of the following reactions.
1. Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction
2. Integrated rate method:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethyl acetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate
Reference Books:
1. Svehla, G, Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Ed, 4th Ed., Pearson Education
(2007).
2. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co., New Delhi (2011).
3. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd., (2017).
Organometallic Compounds
Definition and Classification with appropriate examples based on nature of metal-carbon bond
(ionic, s, p and multicentre bonds). Structures of methyl lithium, Zeiss salt and ferrocene. EAN
rule as applied to carbonyls. Preparation, structure, bonding and properties of mononuclear and
polynuclear carbonyls of 3d metals. π-acceptor behaviour of carbon monoxide. Synergic effects
(VB approach).
UNIT-II
Bio-Inorganic Chemistry
A brief introduction to bio-inorganic chemistry. Role of metal ions present in biological
systems with special reference to Na+, K+ and Mg2+ ions: Na/K pump; Role of Mg2+ ions in
energy production and chlorophyll. Role of Ca2+ in blood clotting, and structural role (bones).
DSC-I Practical 02 25
DSC-II Practical 02 25
DSC-III Practical 02 25
DSE-II Practical 02 25
36 600
CHEMISTRY PAPERS FOR PASS STUDENTS
1. Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl) in organic compounds (containing up to two extra
elements)
2. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case
(combination of two compounds to be given)
(h) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of 2 amino acids (glycine,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine or any other amino acid) by paper
chromatography.
(i) Identify and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper
chromatography.
Reference Books:
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Pearson, 2009.
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009).
3. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University Press
Discipline Specific Core Paper II (Theory)
Unit- III
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in
context to their structure.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from benzene
sulphonic acid. Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation and
sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (up to 4 carbons on benzene).
Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (up to 4 carbons on benzene).
Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Alkyl Halides (Up to 5 Carbons) Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2 and SNi)
reactions.
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols. Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile
&isonitrile formation. Williamson’s ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.
Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol, Sandmeyer
&Gattermann reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group) and
effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3 (or NaNH2/NH3).
Unit- IV
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Up to 5 Carbons)
Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester
hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO4,
acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation Diols: (Up to 6 Carbons) oxidation of
diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts.
Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. ReimerTiemann
Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction,
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.
Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Benzoin condensation. Clemensen reduction and Wolff
Kishner reduction.
Recommended Text Books:
1. Atkins P. W. & Paula, J. de, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press,
6th Ed., (2006).
2. Principles of Physical Chemistry, Puri, Sharma &Pathania, Vishal Publishing Co, 47th
Edn., 2017.
3. K. L. Kapoor, Text Book of Physical Chemistry, Mac Grow Hill, 3rdEdn. 2017.
4. Morrison, R. N. & Boyd, R. N., Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
5. Arun Bahl & B S Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, S. Chand Publisher,
2012.
Reference Books:
1. Kheterpal S.C., Pradeep’s Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pradeep Publications.
2. Dhawan, S.N., Pradeep’s Organic Chemistry, (Vol. I and II), Pradeep Publications
Ionic equilibria
1. pH measurements
Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and
soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass
electrode) using pH-meter.
2. Preparation of buffer solutions:
• Sodium acetate-acetic acid
• Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
Reference Books
1. A.I. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall.
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009).
3. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co., New Delhi (2011).
4. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University Press
(2005).
Discipline Specific Core Paper III (Theory)
UNIT-I
General Principles of Metallurgy
Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham
diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon as reducing agent.
Hydrometallurgy, Methods of purification of metals (Al, Pb, Fe, Cu, Ni): electrolytic, oxidative
refining, Parting process, van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s process.
s- and p-Block Elements
Periodicity in s- and p-block elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic and ionic
size, ionization enthalpy, electronegativity (Pauling &Mulliken scales). Allotropy in C, S, and
P.
Oxidation states with reference to elements in unusual and rare oxidation states like carbides
and nitrides), inert pair effect, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of first member
of each group.
UNIT-II
Compounds of s- and p-Block Elements
Hydrides and their classification (ionic, covalent and interstitial), structure and properties with
respect to stability of hydrides of p- block elements.
Concept of multicentre bonding (diborane).
Structure, bonding and their important properties like oxidation/reduction, acidic/basic nature
of the following compounds and their applications in industrial, organic and environmental
chemistry.
Hydrides of nitrogen (NH3, N2H4, N3H, NH2OH); Oxoacids of P, S and Cl; Halides and
oxohalides: PCl3, PCl5, SOCl2.
Section B: Physical Chemistry-3
UNIT-III
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. van
der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature (derivation not required). Critical
phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation.
Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies (graphic
representation – derivation not required) and their importance.
Temperature dependence of these distributions. Most probable, average and root mean square
velocities (no derivation). Collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency,
collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Viscosity of gases and effect of
temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity (qualitative treatment only).
Liquids
Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer. Viscosity of a liquid and
determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer. Effect of temperature on
surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid (qualitative treatment only).
UNIT-IV
Solids
Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and
identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography - Law of constancy of interfacial
angles, Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law.
Structures of NaCl, and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals.
Chemical Kinetics
The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other factors on
reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate equations for
zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of reactants).
Half–life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction. Concept of
activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular
reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only).
Qualitative analysis of inorganic slat mixture using H2S: not more than four ionic species (two
anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
Cations : NH4+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+,
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, K+
Anions: CO32–, S2–, SO32–, NO3–, Cl–, Br–, I–, NO3–, SO42-, PO43-, F-
(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
1. Chemical Kinetics
2. Study the kinetics of the following reactions.
3. Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction
4. Integrated rate method:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethyl acetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate
Reference Books:
1. Svehla, G, Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Ed, 4th Ed., Pearson Education
(2007).
2. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand
& Co., New Delhi (2011).
3. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd., (2017).
Organometallic Compounds
Definition and Classification with appropriate examples based on nature of metal-carbon bond
(ionic, s, p and multicentre bonds). Structures of methyl lithium, Zeiss salt and ferrocene. EAN
rule as applied to carbonyls. Preparation, structure, bonding and properties of mononuclear and
polynuclear carbonyls of 3d metals. π-acceptor behaviour of carbon monoxide. Synergic effects
(VB approach).
UNIT-II
Bio-Inorganic Chemistry
A brief introduction to bio-inorganic chemistry. Role of metal ions present in biological
systems with special reference to Na+, K+ and Mg2+ ions: Na/K pump; Role of Mg2+ ions in
energy production and chlorophyll. Role of Ca2+ in blood clotting, and structural role (bones).
Section B: Organic Chemistry-4
UNIT-III
Polynuclear and heteronuclear aromatic compounds
Properties of the following compounds with reference to electrophilic and nucleophilic
substitution: Naphthalene, Anthracene, Furan, Pyrrole, Thiophene, and Pyridine.
Active methylene compounds
Preparation: Claisen ester condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism.
Reactions: Synthetic uses of ethylacetoacetate (preparation of non-heteromolecules havingup to
6 carbon).
UNIT-IV
Application of Spectroscopy (UV-Visible, IR) to Simple Organic Molecules
Electromagnetic radiations, electronic transitions, λmax&εmax, chromophore, auxochrome,
bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts. Application of electronic spectroscopy and Woodward
rules for calculating λmaxof conjugated dienes and α, β – unsaturated compounds.
Infrared radiation and types of molecular vibrations, functional group and fingerprint region. IR
spectra of alkanes, alkenes and simple alcohols (inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding),
aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (effect of substitution on >C=O
stretching absorptions).
Reference Books
1. Mendham, J., A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6thEdn, Pearson, 2009.
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009).
3. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. and Gulati A, College Practical Chemistry, University
Press (2005).
4. Gulati Shikha , Sharma Gulati JL and ManochaShagun, Practical Inorganic Chemistry,
1stEdn., CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., (2017).
Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) - Pass
POLYMER CHEMISTRY
UNIT-I
Introduction and history of polymeric materials:
Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and
chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers.
Functionality and its importance:
Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,
Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-
functional systems, Poly-functional systems.
UNIT-II
Mechanism & Kinetics of Polymerization:
Polymerization reactions – addition and condensation, mechanism and kinetics of step growth,
radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and anionic) and coordination polymerizations,
Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization, polymerization techniques.
Crystallization and crystallinity:
Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of crystalline
polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.
UNIT-III
Molecular weight of polymers and their determination (Mn,Mw, Mv, Mz) by end group
analysis,viscometry and osmotic pressure methods. Molecular weight distribution and its
significance. Polydispersity index.
Glass transition temperature (Tg) and it determination: WLFequation, Outlines of factors
affecting glass transition temperature (Tg).
UNIT-IV
Properties of polymers (physical, thermal and mechanical properties).
Preparation, structure, properties and applications of the following polymers: polyolefins
(polyethylene, polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,
polyacrylamide, fluoro polymers (Teflon), polyamides (nylon-6 and nylon 6,6). Thermosetting
polymers - phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite, Novalac), polyurethanes, conducting polymers
(polyacetylene, polyaniline). Brief outline of biodegradable polymers.
Recommended Text Books:
1. V. R. Gowarikar, Jayadev Sreedhar, N. V. Viswanathan, Polymer Science 1st Edition,
New Age International Publishers, 1986.
2. Premamoy Ghosh, Polymer Science and Technology: Plastics, Rubber, Blends and
Composites, 3rdEdition, McGraw Hill Education, 2010.
3. P. Bahadur &N.V.Sastry, Principles of polymer science, Narosa Publishing house, New
Delhi 2002.
4. Fred W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)
Reference books
1. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
2. Malcolm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Oxford University
Press (2005)
3. Seymour/Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).
4. Nayak P.L., Polymer Chemistry, Kalyani Publisher (2017).
Polymer characterization/analysis
1. Determination of molecular weight by viscometry:
Polyacrylamide/Polystyrene
(Poly vinyl pyrolidine (PVP) in water
2. Determination of acid value / saponification value of a resin
3. Determination of hydroxyl number of a polymer using colorimetric method.
4. Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method
5. Analysis of some IR spectra of polymers
Reference Books:
1. Malcohm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd Ed.
2. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
3. Petr Munk and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, 2nd ed.
John Wiley & Sons (2002)
4. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
5. Malcolm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Oxford University
Press (2005)
6. Seymour/Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).
UNIT-I
Industrial Gases and Inorganic Chemicals
Industrial Gases: Large scale production, uses, storage and hazards in handling of thefollowing
gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, chlorine, sulphur
dioxide.
Inorganic Chemicals: Manufacture, application and hazards in handling thefollowing chemicals:
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic soda, common salt, bleaching powder,
sodium thiosulphate, hydrogen peroxide, potash alum, potassium dichromate and potassium
permanganate.
Industrial Metallurgy
Preparation of metals (ferrous and nonferrous) and ultrapure metals for semiconductor
technology.
UNIT-II
Environment and its segments
Ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur.
Air Pollution: Major regions of atmosphere. Chemical and photochemical reactions in
atmosphere. Air pollutants: types, sources, particle size and chemical nature; Photochemical
smog: its constituents and photochemistry. Environmental effects of ozone. Major sources of air
pollution.
Pollution by SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, and H2S and control procedures.
Effects of air pollution on living organisms and vegetation. Greenhouse effect and global
warming, Ozone depletion by oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and halogens, removal of
sulphur from coal.
UNIT-III
Water Pollution: Hydrological cycle, water resources, aquatic ecosystems, Sources andnature of
water pollutants, Techniques for measuring water pollution, Impacts of water pollution on
hydrological and ecosystems.
Water purification methods. Effluent treatment plants (primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment). Industrial effluents from the following industries and their treatment: electroplating,
textile, tannery, dairy, petroleum and petrochemicals, fertilizer. Sludge disposal.
Industrial waste management: incineration of waste. Water treatment and purification (reverse
osmosis, ion exchange). Water quality parameters for wastewater, industrial water and domestic
water.
UNIT-IV
Energy and Environment
Sources of energy: Coal, petrol and natural gas. Nuclear fusion/fission, solar energy, hydrogen,
geothermal, tidal and hydel.
Nuclear Pollution: Disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear disaster and its management.
Biocatalysis
Introduction to biocatalysis: Importance in green chemistry and chemical industry.
Recommended Text Books:
1. De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd, New Delhi,
2010.
2. Stocchi E., Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
3. Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1996).
Reference Books:
1. Felder R.M. and Rousseau R.W., Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes,
Wiley Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Dara S. S., A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd.
New Delhi.
3. Miller G.T., Environmental Science, 11th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2006).
4. Mishra, Environmental Studies, Selective and Scientific Books, New Delhi (2005).
Reference Books:
1. Dara S. S., A Textbook on Experiments and Calculations in Engineering ChemistryS
Chand & Company; 9th Revised edition (2015).
2. E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
3. R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
4. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
5. S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSES (SECC)
Optional for SECC II paper
PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
General introduction to pesticides (natural and synthetic), benefits and adverse effects, changing
concepts of pesticides, structure activity relationship.
Synthesis and technical manufacture and uses of representative pesticides in the following
classes: Organochlorines (DDT, Gammexene,); Organophosphates (Malathion, Parathion);
Carbamates (Carbofuran and carbaryl); Quinones (Chloranil), Anilides (Alachlor and Butachlor).
Ecofriendly pesticides.
Safety measures: Environmental aspects and degradability
Reference Books:
1. R. J. W. Cremlyn: Pesticides: John Wiley and Sons Ltd (1978)
2. D.S. Reddy, M. Pushpa Latha, Pesticides, New Vishal Publications (2015).
3. Roy N. K., Chemistry of Pesticides. CBS Publisher & Distributors P Ltd; 1st Ed. (2010)
1. Quantum Chemistry
2. Organometallics
3. Coordination Chemistry
4. Polymer Chemistry
5. Green Chemistry
6. Organic Chemistry
Practical (6days)
1. Ostwald’s viscometer 02
6. Colorimeter 01