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    Covalent and Metallic Bonding: Test Yourself 7.1 (Page 114)

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    Covalent and Metallic Bonding: Test Yourself 7.1 (Page 114)

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    329 views2 pages

    Covalent and Metallic Bonding: Test Yourself 7.1 (Page 114)

    Uploaded by

    khalil rehman

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    nd

    Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 7

    Chapter 7 Covalent and Metallic Bonding

    Test Yourself 7.1 (page 114)

    1. (a) Hydrogen and fluorine: covalent bond

    (b) Potassium and fluorine: ionic bond

    2. Ethane: Ethene:

    3. (a) Nitrogen monoxide


    (b) Carbon monoxide
    (c) Dinitrogen tetraoxide
    (d) Hydrogen peroxide (dihydrogen dioxide)
    (e) Ammonia (trihydrogen nitride)

    4. (a) NO2
    (b) SO3
    (c) P2O3

    Test Yourself 7.2 (page 120)

    1. (a) It is insoluble in water.


    (b) It does not conduct electricity in all states.

    © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

    7.1
    nd
    Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 7

    2.
    Simple molecular covalent
    Property Ionic compounds
    compounds
    Melting and boiling high low
    points
    Solubility in water usually soluble usually insoluble

    Solubility in organic usually insoluble usually soluble


    solvents
    Electrical conductivity conducts electricity in molten usually does not conduct
    state or in aqueous solution electricity in any state

    3. (a) Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) has both ionic and covalent bonds: Covalent bonds between N
    + –
    and H atoms, and ionic bonds between NH4 and Cl ions.
    (b) It is soluble in water and conducts electricity in aqueous solution because it is an ionic
    compound.

    4. Diamond has a three-dimensional structure in which each carbon atom is covalently bonded to
    four other carbon atoms. Graphite is made up of layers of carbon atoms in which each carbon
    atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms. The layers of carbon atoms are held
    loosely by weak intermolecular forces.

    Test Yourself 7.3 (page 123)

    1. The structure of tungsten consists of positive ions surrounded by a ‘sea of mobile electrons’. The
    mobile electrons conduct electricity. Strong metallic bonds in metals result in their high melting
    points.

    2. Since X is an element with a high melting point and a good conductor of electricity in molten as
    well as solid state, it is a metal.
    • X is arranged in a giant metal lattice. In the lattice, atoms of X lose their outer electrons and
    become positively-charged ions. The outer electrons are said to be delocalised and move
    freely in a ‘sea of mobile electrons’ around the X cations. X is held together by metallic
    bonding, which is the force of attraction between positive metal ions and the ‘sea of mobile
    electrons’.
    • The metallic bonding is strong and require a lot of energy to be overcome. Thus, X has a
    high melting point. X also conducts electricity as its outer electrons can move freely in the
    ‘sea of electrons’.

    Get it Right (page 125)

    (a) False. Atoms form covalent bonds by sharing electrons.


    (b) False. The figure below shows the ‘dot and cross’ diagram of a molecule of hydrogen chloride.

    (c) False. Simple covalent substances have low melting and boiling points because the
    intermolecular forces of attraction are easily overcome.
    (d) True
    (e) False. In the metal lattice, metal atoms lose outer electrons to form positive ions and they are
    held together by metallic bonds.
    (f) True
    (g) False. Metals are malleable because a layer of metal ions can slide over another layer through
    its ‘sea of electrons’ without disrupting the metallic bonding.

    © 2013 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

    7.2

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