001 - Metrology 1st Expt

LABORATORY MANNUAL
EXPERIMENT — 3
AIM:- 1.Measurement with combination set.
INSTURMENT USED & SPECIFICATIONS:
Combination set 450 mm with scale = 450 mm square head,

centre head, protractor head, levels and scribes.
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING:-
The combination set is a non-precision instrument. This is most commonly
used in layout and rough inspection work. The combination set consists of
scale, square head, protractor head and centre head. It consists of a heavy
scale, which is grooved in the center along its entire length. It is in this
groove that square head, centre head or protractor head is fixed. The
protractor head may be used in conjunction with the rule as a protractor for
checking angles or scribing lines at angles to reference plane. The square
head is used in conjunction with the rule as a try square. The square head is
used for checking squareness and for marking purposes. It can also be used
for measuring depth up to the accuracy of .5 mm. The centre head is used for
finding the centre of bar stocks.
JOB DIAGRAM: Figure 5(a)
METROLOGY LAB 19
LABORATORY MA. NN
PROCEDURAL STEPS/DERIVATION OF FORMULA
(A) FOR MEASURING ANGLES

(i)Fix the protractor head on the scale.
(ii)Place the scale on one side of the angle to be measured.
(iii)Adjust the protractor by rotation, so that its working surface should touch the
adjacent side of the angle to be measured.
(iv)Lock the protractor.
(v)Read the angle on the scale
(B) FOR CHECKING SQUARENESS

(i)Fix the square head on the scale,
(ii)Check the spirit level for parallelism,
(iii)Check the surfaces for squareness by placing the job on the surface plate.
(C) FOR MARKING CENTRE

(i)Fix the centre head on the scale.
(ii)Hold the bar stock beneath the scale,
(iii)See that the sides of centre head are touching the bar stock,
(iv)Scribe a line along the scale in each position and rotate the bar tock for three
positions.
(v)The centre of the triangle formed will be the centre of the job.
PRECAUTIONS AND CARE OF INSTRUMENT

(i)The job should be held in the left hand and the instrument in the
right hand,
(ii)The surfaces to be checked should be clean,
(iii)The edge of the scale should be straight,
(iv)Spirit level should be checked before taking reading,
(v)See that there are no nicks and scratches on the base of heads,
(vi)While checking for squareness and measuring angles, stand facing the surface and
light and check the light passing through the scale or base of measuring instrument.
SOURCES OF ERROR:-
(i)The edge of scale may not be straight,
(ii)Zero error in the protractor scale,
(iii)Working surfaces of different heads worn out.
METROLOGY LAB 20
LABORATORY MANNUAL
2.Measurement of angles with Bevel Protractor.
OBJECTIVES
(i) To acquire the skill of measuring angles with the bevel
protractor.
(ii) To know the range of measurement and to calculate the least
count of the bevel protractor.
INSTRUMENTS USED & SPECIFICATIONS Vernier bevel protractor (0 to 36 0°) Least

count=0°-5'.
Surface plate 450x 450 mm. Holding device to suit particular job.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
It consists of a base plate attached to the main body and an adjustable blade attached to a
circular plate containing Vernier scale. Adjustable blade is capable of rotating freely about
the centre of main scale engraved on the body of the instrument and can be locked in any
position.
An attachment is provided at the top for the purpose of measuring acute angles.
Least Count: Fixed scale is divided into degrees and the Vernier is graduated so that 12 of its
divisions are equal to 23 divisions, i.e., degrees on the fixed scale. The difference between
the width of one of Vernier space and two of the fixed scale one is 1/12 degree. Therefore,
the minimum reading of the instrument is 1/12° of 5'
METROLOGY LAB 21
LABORATORY MANNUAL
The 12 divisions on
Blade Clamp Screw
the Vernier equal 23
degrees on the main
scale. Each Blade of the 12
divisions is 11/12th of a
degree, Main Scale
1 Vernier div is 1/12th

degree = 5 min .
- Vernier S c a le
.2 0 /
I f / ,
12 Vernier
12)ivisions
METROLOGY LAB 22
LABORATORY MANNUAL
Reading (1)
---- 52
60 2'0
-
so
e153015 0 15
Reading (2)
40
Reading Left to Right
Whole degrees visible .......................................= 52
Mark where scales are aligned..... = 40
Total Reading......................................... = 52 degs 40 mins
JOB DIAGRAM: Figure 6(a), 6(b)
METROLOGY LAB
23
MO.
LABORATORY MANNUAL
PROCEDURAL STEPS/DERIVATION OF FORMULA

(i)Study the bevel protractor and identify its main parts.
(ii)Introduce the adjustable blade in the slot of body and clamp it with the help of knob in the
convenient position.
(iii)Place the working edge of the stock on one surface of the job and rotate the turret
holding the blade so that the working edge of the blade coincides with another surface of
the job. Fix the turret and read the angle.
(iv)Measure the angles of the sample pieces with the bevel protractor and record the reading in
the Performa suggested.
PRECAUTIONS AND CARE OF INSTRUMENT:

(i)Use the instrument with care.
(ii)While readings are taken your eyes must be in front of the matching lines.
SOURCES OF ERROR
(i) Base plate and adjustable settings.
(ii)Blade and stock should be made parallel to the surfaces of the sample job otherwise the
angles measured will be wrong.
(iii) Instrument has marking errors.
(iv) P a r a l l a x e r r o r s .
METROLOGY LAB 24

001 - Metrology 1st Expt

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LABORATORY MANNUAL

AIM:- 1.Measurement with combination set.

INSTURMENT USED & SPECIFICATIONS:

Combination set 450 mm with scale = 450 mm square head,

JOB DIAGRAM: Figure 5(a)

(A) FOR MEASURING ANGLES

(B) FOR CHECKING SQUARENESS

(C) FOR MARKING CENTRE

PRECAUTIONS AND CARE OF INSTRUMENT

2.Measurement of angles with Bevel Protractor.

INSTRUMENTS USED & SPECIFICATIONS Vernier bevel protractor (0 to 36 0°) Least

1 Vernier div is 1/12th

Reading Left to Right

Whole degrees visible .......................................= 52

Mark where scales are aligned..... = 40

Total Reading......................................... = 52 degs 40 mins

JOB DIAGRAM: Figure 6(a), 6(b)

PROCEDURAL STEPS/DERIVATION OF FORMULA

PRECAUTIONS AND CARE OF INSTRUMENT:

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