CTB3365x - Introduction To Water Treatment: D5b - Coagulation and Flocculation
CTB3365x - Introduction To Water Treatment: D5b - Coagulation and Flocculation
CTB3365x - Introduction To Water Treatment: D5b - Coagulation and Flocculation
Luuk Rietveld
1
When, for example, iron(III) chloride is dosed, different species
of iron ions are formed in the water, depending on the pH.
With low pH, mainly positively charged ions are formed and at
neutral pH mainly ferric hydroxide is formed.
2
To be able to determine the optimal coagulant dosage so-
called jar-tests have to be performed.
These jar-tests simulate the situation at full-scale and the
optimal dosage, found in the tests, can afterwards be applied
in practice.
3
Mostly static mixers are applied in the form of in-line mixing
devices or weir mixers.
G-values larger than 2000 per second are common.
The higher the G-value of coagulation is the better the
performance of the coagulation – flocculation process.
4
In the meantime the flocs will grow with the residence time in
the flocculation unit.
Larger flocs are more sensitive for floc break-up and slow
mixing is required.
For smaller flocs, however, we need a relatively high mixing
intensities to be able to provoke collision of the pin-flocs.
The solution is then to apply tapered flocculation.
In the first compartments higher mixing intensities are applied
and gradually the intensities are diminished.
Thank you for watching, hope to see you for the next lecture
about the subsequent treatment step: sedimentation!