PANDAN MOSQUITO COIL

ANGELU I. ORENDAY

MARC IAN P. LEOBRERA

ALDRED M. PARENO

ALYSSA JOY O. CABACAS

CARLA M. MERANDILLA

REINCH M. PALENTINOS

WENNIE ROSE Q. CABALLES

JAIREH CRIS C. CARPIO

LOURENZ B. MENDOZA

MIKE LORENZ A. DELOS SANTOS

MICA ELLA LYN C. RELIN

 APPROVAL SHEET

This Science Investigatory Project entitled “Pandan Mosquito Coil” has

been submitted by, Angelu I. Orenday, Marc Ian P. Leobrera, Aldred M. Pareno,

Alyssa Joy O. Cabacas, Carla M. Merandilla, Reinch M. Palentinos, Wennie

Rose Q. Caballes, Jaireh Cris C. Carpio, Lourenz B. Mendoza, Mike Lorenz

A. Delos Santos, and Mica Ella Lyn C. Relin, who are examined for acceptance

and approval for the oral examination.

JOHN CARLO C. LORBIS

Research Adviser

PANEL

LORNA J. LORBIS ADELA I. RACOMA

Master Teacher I Science Coordinator

WENIRIZA S. PEDRON GLADYS O. MONGE

Science Teacher Science Teacher

ROSANA P. IPORAC
Principal I
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

In the past years, there are only a few diseases affecting man. One of those

is malaria which is carried and transferred through mosquito bites. During

Japanese Occupation, malaria is almost the only known disease and the Japanese

will not touch you and will be afraid of those infected with malaria. After several

years, advancement in technology causing lifestyle changes and environmental

changes brought about several diseases.

Aside from malaria, dengue becomes widespread and had outbreaks in

many affected areas. It is due to unclean water that has become a place of

mosquitoes to lay their eggs.

One leading international pharmaceutical company Sanofi made a vaccine

which will be used for dengue prevention. It was called Dengvaxia vaccine. It was

given to the children with dengue. The problem is some of the vaccine recipients

was given who died apparently. It is said that there is a certain ingredient in the

vaccine that caused their death.

So the group of Grade VI Pupils of San Isidro Elementary School in

Luisiana, Laguna make a mosquito coil which will be used as a repellant for the

mosquitoes. This is made of pandan leaves. Since it is unique and being made for

the first time, it is not available for commercial selling yet. This mosquito coil is

different because it included no artificial chemicals as its ingredients.

 By using an organic mosquito repellant, it will be useful that even children

will not suffer from the smoke of the traditional mosquito repellant. It is

environmental friendly and will not cause air pollution.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The group becomes interested to make Pandan Mosuito coil to help the

community to lessen the quantity of mosquito which is the reason of dengue. The

mosquito coil prevent mosquito bites which is happen in the school and in the

home.

The group also becomes interested because this is the first time to make

an investigatory which involves pandan leaves in making a mosquito coil. This

investigatory helps the members of the group to improve process skills and

practice scientific attitude.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to use Pandan as main ingredient of Mosquito Coil as

mosquito repellant.

Specifically, it aimed to accomplish the following:

1. Make a mosquito repellant using pandan leaves

2. Determine the effectiveness of commercial mosquito coil

3. Determine the effectiveness of pandan mosquito coil

 4. Determine the significant difference between the commercial and

pandan mosquito coil as repellant

HYPOTHESIS

There in no significant difference between commercial mosquito coil and

pandan mosquito coil.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This investigatory aims to make pandan mosquito coil as significant. To the

pupils, it will benefit them to avoid dengue while they are in their home. To the

teachers, it helps them to teach the pupils the avoidance of illness that is brought

by the mosquitoes like dengue and malaria. To the other members of the

community, it helps them to practice cleanliness and orderliness in some areas of

the community.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This investigatory project is focused on pandan as main ingredient in

making mosquito coil. However, this does not aim to replace any commercialized

mosquito coil, instead it will give idea to the manufacturers to promote the use of

non-harmful and organic substance as an effective mosquito coil.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Mosquito coil - A material used to repel mosquito through smoke.

2. Dengue – A disease from the mosquito bites

1. Pandan - An indigenized plant of Luisiana, Laguna commonly used as

natural food flavoring.

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

One theory derived dengue from the Swahili phrase “Ka-dinga pepo” which

means cramp-like seizure caused by an evil spirit. The Swahili word “dinga” may

possibly have its origin in the Spanish word “dengue” meaning fastidious or careful

which would describe the gait of a person suffering the bone pain of dengue fever.

Alternatively, the use of the Spanish word may derive from the similar-sounding

Swahili Slaves in the West Indies who contracted dengue were said to have the

posture and gait of a dandy, and the disease was known as “Dandy Fever.”

Furthermore, the first recorded record of a case of probable dengue fever

is from the Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD) which referred to a “water poison” associated

with flying insects. The first recognized dengue epidemics occurred almost

simultaneously in Asia, Africa, and North America in the 1780s, shortly after the

identification and naming of the disease in 1779. The first confirmed case report

dates from 1789 and is by Benjamin Rush, who coined the term “breakbone fever”

because of the symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia.

On the other hand, Pyrethrum was used for centuries as an insecticide in

Persia and Europe, being developed into a mosquito coil in late 1800s by

Japanese businessman, Eiichiro Ueyama. At that time in Japan, pyrethrum powder

was mixed with sawdust and burned to repel mosquitoes. Euyama initially created

incense sticks mixed from starch powder, dried mandarin orange skin powder, and

pyrethrum powder, burning in around 40 minutes. In 1895, his wife Yuki proposed
making the sticks thicker and longer, and curling them into spirals, in achieved an

incense an incense burning effect with a spiral shape. The method included cutting

thick incense bars to a set length and manually winding them into a spiral. This

method was used until 1957, when mass production was made possible through

machine punching.

The viral etiology and the transmission by mosquitoes were only deciphered

in the 20th century. The socioeconomic impact of the World War II resulted in

increased spread globally. Nowadays, about 2.5 billion people, or 40% of the

world’s population, live in areas where there is a risk of dengue transmission.

Dengue spread to more than 100 countries in Asia, the Pacifics, the Americas,

Africa and the Caribbean.

There are several possible factors for dengue fever spread. First is the

unplanned urban population of areas leading to inadequate housing and public

health systems like water, sewerage and waste management. Poor vector control

like stagnant pools of water for mosquito breeding. Climate change and viral

evolution like increased virus transmission has been linked to El Nino conditions.

Lastly, increased international travel to endemic areas.

According to Medicinenet (2016), Dengue Fever is an acute mosquitborne

viral illness of sudden onset that usually follows an benign course with headache,

fever, prostration, severe joint and muscle pain, swollen glands or

lymphadenophathy and rash. The presence of fever rash, headache and other

pains, is particularly characteristics of Dengue. Dengue is endemic throughout the

tropics and subtropics. It goes by the other names including break bone or dandy
fever. Victims of dengue often have contortions due to the intense joint and muscle

pain. Hence, the name “break bone fever.” Slaves in the West Indies who

contracted dengue were said to have “dandy fever” because of their postures and

gait.

Liu et. Al (2014) stated that burning mosquito coils indoors generates smoke

that can control mosquitoes effectively. This practice is currently used in numerous

households in Asia, Africa, and South America. However, the smoke may contain

pollutants of health concern. It use mass balance equations to determine the

emission rates of fine particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and

ketones. Having applied these measured emission rates to predict indoor

concentrations under realistic room conditions, they found that pollutant

concentrations resulting from burning mosquito coils could substantially exceed

health-based air quality standards or guidelines. In set of experiments conducted

in a room, they examined the size distribution of particulate matter contained in a

coil smoke and found that the particles were ultrafine and fine.

Mosquito coil essentially is an incense just like the ones that are used

aromatherapy as well as religious rituals. Only the one is used for repelling

mosquitoes. If usually incenses are made from different fragrant biotic materials

then mosquito coil is made from dried pyrethrum powder paste which when burned

gives out a specific smell that repels mosquitoes.

 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

MATERIALS

The materials used in making pandan mosquito coil are the following:

1. Blender

2. Oven Toaster

3. Grater

4. Mosquito Coil

5. Measuring materials

6. Pandan Leaves

7. Dried Pandan Leaves

8. Candle

9. Foil

10. Alcohol

11. Starch

12. Water

PROCEDURE

1. Cut the pandan leaves. Put it in the blender and add water.

2. Pulverized the dried leaves.

3. Mix all the ingredients.

 4. After mixing, get one coil, use it as molder.

5. After molding, put it on the oven for 5 minutes.

6. Remove the coil mixture from the oven then remove it from the molder

carefully to avoid breaking of it.

7. Test it and observe.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used descriptive survey method which is concerned to determine

the effectiveness and acceptability of pandan mosquito coil.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers formulated the survey type checklist questionnaire

relevant to the study as the main instrument in gathering data. The questionnaire
has eight (8) statements divided into two (2) parts intended to determine the
effectiveness of commercial mosquito coil and pandan mosquito coil.

A scale was provided to enable the respondents to check their answers

based on their perceptions on the statements. The scale had four options: Strongly
Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree.

DATA COLLECTION

In order to gather the needed data, the researchers asked random people
to try pandan mosquito coil. Then, they asked to answer the survey questionnaires
regarding its effectiveness.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The data and information gathered were tallied, tabulated and analyzed
statistically by the researcher. To answer the questions posed in this study, the
following statistical tools were applied on the data collected.

To determine the extent of the responses, which was computed using this
formula.

WM = 4F + 3F + 2F + 1
N
Where:

WM = Weighted Mean

F = Frequency

N = Number of Respondents

For the interpretation and analysis of data, the following descriptions were
utilized.

SCALE RANGE QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIONS

4 3.26-4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.51-3.25 Agree (A)
2 1.76-2.50 Disagree (DA)
1 1.00-1.75 Strongly Disagree (SDA)

To determine the significant difference between the effectiveness of

commercial mosquito coil and pandan mosquito coil, the researchers used t-test

with the following formula:

Where:

X1 = mean of the first sample

X2 = mean of the second sample

N1 = size of the first sample

N2 = size of the second sample

S1 = standard deviation of the first sample

S2 = standard deviation of the second sample

 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the interpretation of the collected data that was

presented, synthesized, and analyzed. It shows the formulation of interpretation of

analysis

Table 1 Weighted Mean Distribution on the Effectiveness of Commercial

Mosquito Coil

STATEMENT WM QD
A. EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL MOSQUITO COIL
1. It has pleasant odor. 2.9 A
2. It is appealing to the users. 3.1 A
3. It can be used to repel mosquitoes 3.6 SA
4. It can be recommended to use frequently. 3.4 SA
AWM 3.25 A

Table 1 presents the effectiveness of commercial mosquito coil. It can be

seen in the table that items number 1, and 2 obtained the weighted means of 2.9,

and 3.1 respectively which fall under the qualitative description of Agree. The

statements 3 and 4 got the average weighted mean of 3.6 and 3.4 which fall under

the qualitative description of Strongly Agree. As a whole, it obtained the over-all

average weighted mean of 3.25 which is Agree.

Table 2 Weighted Mean Distribution on the Effectiveness of Pandan

Mosquito Coil

STATEMENT WM QD
B. EFFECTIVENESS OF PANDAN MOSQUITO COIL
1. It has pleasant odor. 3.5 SA
2. It is appealing to the users. 3.0 A
3. It can be used to repel mosquitoes 3.1 A
4. It can be recommended to use frequently. 3.0 A
AWM 3.15 A

Table 2 presents the effectiveness of pandan mosquito coil. It can be seen

in the table that statement number 1 got weighted mean of 3.5 which is strongly

agree. The statements 2, 3, and 4 obtained the weighted means of 3.0, 3.1, and

3.0 respectively which fall under the qualitative description of Agree. As a whole,

it obtained the over-all average weighted mean of 3.15 which is Agree.

 Table 3 Significant Difference between Commercial Mosquito Coil and

Pandan Mosquito Coil

Degree
Standard Mean Computed Tabular
Mean of Interpretation
Deviation Difference t-value Value
Freedom
Commercial
Mosquito 3.25 0.27
Coil Not
0.10 9 0.9244 2.262
Pandan Significant
Mosquito 3.15 0.21
Coil
α = 0.05
Table 3 shows the difference of the mean and standard deviation of the

effectiveness of commercial mosquito coil and pandan mosquito coil. It shows that

the average weighted mean of commercial mosquito coil is 3.25 with the standard

deviation of 0.27, while that of the pandan mosquito coil is 3.15 with the standard

deviation of 0.21.

To determine the significant difference between the effectiveness of

commercial mosquito coil and pandan mosquito coil, the researchers utilized the

t-test. The computed t-value is 0.9244 and when compared to the tabular value of

2.262 at .05 level of significance, the value is lesser. Thus the null hypothesis is

accepted. Therefore, there is no significant difference between commercial

mosquito coil and pandan mosquito coil. This means that commercial mosquito

coil is more effective than pandan mosquito coil.

 Chapter V

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the study conducted. It presents the

findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of the results. Moreover, this

imparts the conclusions framed and the recommendations formulated thereafter.

FINDINGS

The study came up with the following findings:

1. The effectiveness of commercial mosquito coil got an average weighted

mean of 3.25 falling under the qualitative description of agree.

2. The effectiveness of pandan mosquito coil got an average weighted mean

of 3.15 falling under the qualitative description of agree.

3. The computed t-value is 0.9244 at 0.05 level of significance and it found out

that there is no significant difference between the commercial mosquito coil

and pandan mosquito coil. It means that commercial mosquito coil is more

effective than pandan mosquito coil.

CONCLUSIONS

In view of the findings of the study, the researcher come up with the

following conclusions:

1. Commercial mosquito coil is effective.

2. Pandan mosquito coil is effective.

3. Commercial mosquito coil is more effective than pandan mosquito coil.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings and conclusions, the researchers formulated the following

recommendations:

1. Further study using other plants to make pandan mosquito repellant.

2. Companies may develop mosquito coil using pandan as main component.

 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV A-CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
District of Luisiana
SAN ISIDRO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

EFFECTIVENESS OF PANDAN MOSQUITO COIL

DIRECTIONS: Below are the indicators of acceptability of pandan mosquito

coil. Read them and give your honest rating on the given items. Kindly check the
box most appropriate to your response. Be guided by the rating scale below:

4 – Strongly Agree (SA)

3 – Agree (A)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

STATEMENT SA A D SD
4 3 2 1
A. EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL
MOSQUITO COIL
1. It has pleasant odor.
2. It is appealing to the users.
3. It can be used to repel mosquitoes
4. It can be recommended to use
frequently.
B. EFFECTIVENESS OF PANDAN
MOSQUITO COIL
1. It has pleasant odor.
2. It is appealing to the users.
3. It can be used to repel mosquitoes
4. It can be recommended to use
frequently.