UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

PRODUCTION OF BLUE TERNATE(Clitoria ternatea) HAND SANITIZER

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

Department of Technology and Livelihood Education

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education
major in Industrial Arts

Adarayan, Shaina C.
Baes, Jona Mae R.
Delostrico, Ian Fhiel A.
Flores, Frietchigien
Gatab, Nicky
Ovalo, Rodelyn L.
Sanchez, Tracy Jill

April 2023
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the acceptability level of blue

ternate hand sanitizer. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the pH

level, alcohol strength, and acceptability of the hand sanitizer in terms of

appearance, odor, and whether the respondents will experience skin irritation.

The researchers use blue ternate instead of the usual hydrogen peroxide in

hand sanitizer. The composition of the hand sanitizer is 300 ml of 70%

solution alcohol, 15 ml of blue ternate flower extract, and 5 ml of glycerin. This

formula is based on the World Health Organization in making hand sanitizer.

The results revealed the hand sanitizer shows appealing blue-violet color,

gives off a unique fragrance, and doesn’t exhibit skin discomfort. Additionally,

the hand sanitizer has a pH reading that is acceptable and healthy for the

skin. Moreover, its alcohol strength is within the required concentration level

made by the WHO. In conclusion, blue ternate flower extract has the potential

to be an alternative to hydrogen peroxide in hand sanitizer.

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction to the Study Area

It is common knowledge that good hand cleanliness is crucial for

lowering microbial load, transmission, and infection. In instances where

soap and water are not available, hand sanitizers have been created

as a handy way to clean hands of bacterial infections (Chojnacki et al.

2021). In medical settings, including hospitals and healthcare facilities,

it was initially introduced in 1966. The early 1990s saw the product

become more well-known. In this day and age, hand sanitizer is a great

product to have. It often comes in the shape of liquid, foam, or gel.

When soap and water are unavailable for hand cleaning or when

frequent hand washing damages the natural skin barrier, their use is

advised (Tiwari, 2020). Even though hand sanitizer's efficacy varies, it

is used as a cost-effective method of infection prevention in a range of

contexts, including supermarkets, daycare centers, schools, hospitals,

and healthcare facilities. The standard ingredient of hand sanitizer is

made up of 15ml hydrogen peroxide, 300 ml alcohol, and 5ml Glycerin

which is based on World Health Organization (WHO).

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the ingredients present in hand

sanitizer which is a harmful chemical compound if used regularly. Low

to high concentration of hydrogen peroxide can cause blanching, and

blistering and even leads to chemical burns. The point of the study is to

have Blue ternate flower extract as an alternative to hydrogen peroxide

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

in hand sanitizer. Blue ternate has antimicrobial properties that are

important for hand sanitizer (Jamil et al., 2018)

In the Philippines where Blue ternate is underutilized and

commonly grows anywhere. The idea of using Blue ternate flower

extract as one of the ingredients for hand sanitizer gives it usage for

the plants also to have the extract as an alternative to the harmful

chemical compound of hydrogen peroxide.

In this study, the researchers’ utilized blue ternate flower

extracts as an alternative to hydrogen peroxide in hand sanitizer.

Background of the Study

Blue ternate is the common name for the (Clitoria ternatea L.)

(Fabaceae family; subfamily Papilionaceae) plant. Butterfly pea,

Darwin pea, and blue pea are some of the frequent English names for

this plant, whereas pukingan or puki-reyna are the Tagalog names

used locally. There are 60 species in the genus clitoria, with the

majority being found in the tropics. However, there are still a few

species that can be found in temperate regions. clitoria is a robust,

perennial, herbaceous, leguminous vine or creeper with a wide range

of applications. It is used as a legume to increase soil fertility, as a

cover crop, green manure, for feed and hay, to clean coal mines

through phyto-remediation, for ornamental plants, for therapeutic

purposes, and for culinary usage. Flower extracts can also be used to

color food and as an edible dye. Many different meals and beverages,

such "Blue Tea and Nam Dok Anchan" in Thailand and "Blue Nasi

Kerabu" in Malaysia, use blue ternate flowers as coloring. Almost all

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

components of Clitoria have medicinal benefits and can be used to

treat a variety of ailments (Turno et al., 2021).

Blue ternate is an antimicrobial medications reduce infectious

infections in both humans and animals. Medicinal plant use may

include potential as an organic antibacterial. It might be beneficial to

create new antibacterial toolkits. It is safe and advantageous to human

health. This legume may be used as an antibiotic, in the same manner

as the crude extract (Jamil et al., 2018).

Statement of the Problem

Bacteria are everywhere and the common spread of bacteria is

through hand touching, it is important to sanitize our hands. In hand

sanitizer, there’s an ingredient called hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen

peroxide is a chemical compound widely used for its antiseptics.

However it has side effects on the skin (Atalay et al., 2021). The study

focus on using blue ternate as an alternative for hydrogen peroxide

because it has antimicrobial properties same as hydrogen peroxide.

The overgrowing of blue ternate in the Philippines and

underutilization of the plant which lead the researchers to come out

with a product that uses blue ternate flower.

Research Objectives

The goal of the research is to produce blue ternate hand

sanitizer. It specifically seeks to:

1. Produce blue ternate hand sanitizer with the use of blue ternate

flower extract.
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

2. Determine the acceptability level of blue ternate hand sanitizer in

terms of the following:

a) Appearance,

b) Odor strength, and

c) Skin irritation.

Research Questions

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following queries:

1. How is blue ternate hand sanitizer produced?

2. What is the acceptability level of the hand sanitizer in terms of the

following:

a) Appearance,

b) Odor strength, and

c) Skin irritation.

Definition of Terms

Alcohol strength  

Number of volumes of pure alcohol contained in the products

concerned expressed in percentages by volume (Lawinsider n.d.). In

this study, the sample are tested and determine its alcohol strength

Appearance

It is the aspect of visual experience by which objects are

recognized. In the study appearance is tested in an aspect if the

product is presentable in color, no residue from plants and no

impurities.

Blue Ternate
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

It has two main varieties based on the colour of the petals,

namely, white and blue fowered varieties (Lakshan et al, 2019) In this

study the flower extract was utilized as an alternative to hydrogen

peroxide in hand sanitizer.

Concentration Level

It refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space or the

ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution

(Helmenstine, 2020). In this study 100% of blue ternate extract is use

for the test sample.

Odor

The property of certain substances, in very small concentrations,

to stimulate chemical sense receptors that sample the air or water

surrounding an animal (Britannica n. d.). In this study, it is one of the

factor tested and rated by the respondents to determine how pleasant

the fragrance of hand sanitizer with blue ternate (Clitoria ternatea)

flower extract.

pH

It is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous

or other liquid solutions. A solution with a pH less than 7 is considered

acidic; a solution with a pH greater than 7 is considered basic, or

alkaline (Britannica n. d.). In this study, it is one of the factor tested to

determine the concentration of hydrogen ion in blue ternate hand

sanitizer either it is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Skin irritation

Skin irritation or sensitivity has been attributed to the release of

mediators that may instigate inflammation, disruption of the stratum

corneum, and/or induction of neuronal hypersensitivity (Misery et al.,

2017). In this study, it is one of the parameters evaluated through the

respondents’ reaction to blue ternate hand sanitizer.

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted to produce blue ternate hand

sanitizer, determine its pH level, alcohol strength, and acceptability

level. This study will benefits different sector. Specifically, it will benefit

the following:

Society. The organic ingredient is safer alternative to hydrogen

peroxide. Users can also benefit from its antioxidant which is present in

the blue ternate flower. The abundance of blue ternate flowers in the

Philippines will also help boost the agricultural sector which leads to

mass production and may increase employment.

Environment. The study support the environment in lessening the

toxic chemical waste and also practice environmental ethics.

Entrepreneurs. The study will help boost the economy by producing

blue ternate hand sanitizer products for consumers.

Suppliers. This will increase the production of blue ternate plant.

Increase workforce and opportunities for job.

Future researchers. This study will benefit future researchers as it will

serve as a reference or guideline in making innovations related to the

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

blue ternate flower extract as an organic ingredient and an alternative

for hydrogen peroxide in hand sanitizer in the future. 

Scope and Delimitation of the study

The study focuses on producing blue ternate hand sanitizer and

finding the pH level, alcohol strength, and acceptability level. The

acceptability level was evaluated base on appearance, odor strength,

and whether it exhibit skin irritation to fifty (50) respondents from the

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippine -

Oroquieta City. The alcohol strength of the blue ternate hand sanitizer

is determined using alcohol meter. To determine the pH level the

researchers used pH meter.

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter represents the related literature. Those that we included in

this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to

the present study.

Blue Ternate Flower (Clitoria ternatea)

Butterfly pea, sometimes referred to as blue ternate is a perennial

herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae family. Due to its potential use in

agriculture, modern medicine, and as a source of natural food colorants and

antioxidants, it has recently gained a lot of attention. According to Sylvia

(2018) blue ternate is a short lived, fast growing, perennial climbing,

herbaceous scrambling or trailing leguminous herb that grows about 2.5

meters high. The plant is found growing in grassland; open woodland, bush

lands, riverine vegetation, and disturbed forests. It can be found invading river

banks, creek lines, the margins of waterholes, irrigation channels, disturbed

sites, roadsides and disturbed open woodlands and grasslands. The plant is

adaptable to a wide range of soil types from sandy soils to heavy clays

including calcareous soils. It is moderately tolerant to salinity. The plant has

thick, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, ascending or twining stems and

robust, woody roots. Only a small percentage of the population currently uses

this flower on a regular basis in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, the

countries from which it originally came. The blue ternate flower consists of the

stamen, pistil, sepals, and corollae. The corollae consist of five petals one
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

banner, two wings and two keels. Clitoria ternatea has pinnate compound

leaves, flat and pointed pods and roots that produce nodules.

Natural phenolic substances found in blue ternate extracts share

structural similarities with the anthocyanin family of water-soluble colors. The

primary colorant molecule of plants, anthocyanin molecules are flavonoids

that are present in the flower petals, fruits, and leaves of numerous plants. Its

chromophore, flavylium cation, is present. These compounds' color stability is

influenced by a number of variables, including chemical structure and pH

(Triol et al., 2020)

Health Benefits of Clitoria Ternatea

The Clitoria ternatea, also known as blue ternate, is a traditional

remedy that is currently used frequently and has gained popularity thanks to

numerous researchers. It is a perennial herbaceous twining plant in the family

Fabaceae. The plant is mostly found in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Burma,

and the Philippine islands, which are all tropical climates. Depending on the

color of the petals, it comes in many varieties.

The parts of the flower are utilized as traditional or herbal medicines in

those nations, the flower's petals are used as a natural food color. The

butterfly pea blossom is being used by Thais as a natural alternative to

chemical hair dyes and as a rinse for their hair. The flowers were also used as

a hair tonic, a stimulant for hair growth, and a dye for hair. This herb has long

been used as an anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and sedative by people in

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Southeast Asia to improve their memory, lower anxiety, and tension (Sylvia,

2018).

A potential source of phytochemicals and hormones with beneficial

effects on nutrition and health is blue ternate. The flower has the ability to heal

and feed the body with helpful enzymes that other plants are unable to. Blue

ternate is a flower that has a number of health advantages. It has natural

antioxidants, promotes blood circulation, and retards graying and hair loss.

Additionally, it purifies the blood, which enhances night vision and rejuvenates

the skin and hair. Blue ternate has been shown to be a safe herb with no

significant adverse effects or mortality. It is employed to improve memory and

lessen stress. Scientific research has demonstrated that the plant's flower

extract, which is rich in antioxidants, can protect against free radical damage.

Additionally, the amounts of a few non-enzymic antioxidants, including

ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and total carotenoids, were measured in

blue ternate flower petals.

Common Properties of Hand Sanitizer

These are the few common properties of a hand sanitizer that is important

to determine its efficacy and safety of a hand sanitizer. The following

properties of a hand sanitizer are pH level and alcohol strength.

a. pH level

According to Selam et. al. (2022) for a hand sanitizer to be

effective and suitable for use on hands, it must have the right pH level.

Substances added beyond the recommended concentration or

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

additional additives may affect the pH of the final product (like

colorants). The pH range of normal skin is between 5.4 and 5.9, and

this is often thought of as the neutral pH range for cosmetic goods.

b. Alcohol strength

The assessment for alcohol strength, the alcohol meter is used

to determine the strength of the formula. Concentrations of 60% to 90%

are considered to be effective for hand sanitizers (Prajapati et. al.,

2022).

Hydrogen Peroxide in Hand Sanitizer

In order for hydrogen peroxide to function, the hydroxyl free radical that

will harm DNA, lipid, and other components of the membrane kills the

bacterium and its necessary cell components(Zuber et al., 2021). The hand

sanitizer composition contains hydrogen peroxide, an antiseptic that aids in

the removal of bacterial spores (Suryawanshi et al., 2020). Hydrogen peroxide

in hand sanitizer has an antimicrobial property which also kills bacteria and

germs.

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical or substance that has the potential to

cause serious side effects. The amount of hydrogen peroxide used in the

ABHS will determine how harmful it is. A low quantity of hydrogen peroxide

(3%), when applied physically or taken internally, may result in moderate

irritation of the eyes, skin, and digestive tract. In rare instances, it may also

produce an air embolism (Saha et al., 2021). Exposure to hydrogen peroxide

can irritate the skin, eyes, throat, and respiratory system. Hydrogen peroxide

can be toxic if ingested, inhaled, or by contact with the skin or eyes (Hartley,
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

2010) Inhaling high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide is also dangerous.

Symptoms may start as eye and nose irritation and progress to coughing,

shortness of breath, chest congestion, and bleeding in the lungs. The higher

the concentration, the more serious the side effects can be. Using a high

concentration of hydrogen peroxide on your skin could cause blistering and

burning. When hydrogen peroxide comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or

stomach, it can be more hazardous.

Hydrogen peroxide is not good to use in making hand sanitizers,

because it is very dangerous and harmful to the skin. Not only to the skin but

also to human health, it becomes even more dangerous when it is inhaled and

it causes harm to human health such as throat and respiratory irritation.

Hydrogen peroxide can be toxic if ingested, inhaled, or by contact with the

skin or eyes. Hydrogen peroxide is not recommended to use as it can irritate

or damage the cells responsible for wound healing. According to Fetcher

(2020) using hydrogen peroxide on the skin can cause adverse reactions,

including redness, burns, blisters, and swelling. It can also cause eye

damage, and if a person swallows or inhales hydrogen peroxide, the effects

can be severe. It is always a good idea to handle hydrogen peroxide carefully.

This chemical isn't as reliable or secure as many alternative remedies for dark

spots, wounds, and acne.

Skin Reaction to Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

Even though alcohol-based hand sanitizer is frequently used, there are

some possible negative health consequences on people. These include

irritating contact dermatitis and dry skin. These negative effects are most
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

likely caused by alcohol's capacity to denature skin proteins and destroy the

natural lipids that serve as the skin's protective barrier.

A study to observe the skin irritation after applying a hand sanitizer was

conducted by Aodah et al. (2021) that each participant's hands were cleaned

with the prepared hand sanitizer before being asked to stand for 5 minutes

after briefly touching them. All participants were ask at the conclusion to

record the findings of the skin irritation experiments.

Blue Ternate Anti-Microbial Property

Natural antimicrobials from non-synthetic and natural sources that can

help reduce the presence of resistant microorganisms that are emerging are

in greater demand for use in the food industry (Sharma et al., 2018).

Antimicrobials must be included in food additives to stop the growth of

microorganisms that ruin food and destroy bacteria are prevented. In edible

plants or native plants that are traditionally ingested for medicinal purposes,

natural antimicrobials, such as antibacterials, antivirals, or antifungal activity,

are usually sought for (Cappelli & Mariani, 2021).

The blue ternate extracts have the potential to be a natural antibacterial

agent that functions either as an alternative to or in conjunction with traditional

antibiotics in the food industry. Antimicrobial activity of blue ternate flowers at

the lowest inhibitory concentration. Thus conclude the antibacterial property of

blue ternate extracts presents from the plant.

With the proper way of extracting the natural antimicrobial property of

the plant. Blue ternate has the same antimicrobial property of hydrogen
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

peroxide which has the potential to be an alternative to hydrogen peroxide in

hand sanitizer.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

This chapter explains the various methods that used in gathering the

data. The methodologies include, research design, research

location, research instruments, production of hand sanitizer formulation,

testing the hand sanitizer, and data analysis.

Research Design

The researchers utilized an descriptive research design to determine

the acceptability level, pH level and alcohol strength .The study conducted

survey for the sensory evaluation of the acceptability level in terms of

appearance, odor, and if the hand sanitizer exhibit skin irritation.

Research Location

The study was conducted at Purok-5 Poblacion 1, Oroquieta City, this

site was chosen due to the convenience of blue ternate (Clitoria ternatea)

flower that was used in the study.

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Figure 3.1 Sampling site located in Purok-5 Poblacion 1, Oroquieta City,

Misamis Occidental

Research Instrument

To conduct the experiment, the researchers used alcohol meter, pH

meter, alcohol thermometer and a survey questionnaire is conducted to the

respondents to determine the hand sanitizer acceptability level.

Preparation of Raw Materials

The method used by the researchers in formulating hand sanitizer with

blue ternate flower extract was adapted from the study of Widyarman et al.

(2018) which uses fresh blue ternate flower and extracted by means of mortar

and pestle. Blue ternate is the main raw ingredient in making hand sanitizer. A

freshly picked blue ternate flower is gathered for the making of the extract.

The researchers prepare all the materials needed for extracting blue ternate

flowers.

First, the researchers sanitized their hands and materials to avoid

contamination by bacteria then pluck the sepals that hold the petals of the

flower. The researchers only used the petals of the flowers then wash them
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

thoroughly and set them aside in the strainer to let the flower dry for 1 hour.

After drying the blue ternate flowers, the researchers then obtain the extract.

To do so, the flower was crushed, pounded, and manually squeezed. The

resulting extract was filtered using a strainer.

Production of Hand Sanitizer

The hand sanitizer formulated by World Health Organization conducted

by Twin (2022) was used by the researcher in producing blue ternate hand

sanitizer. Instead of hydrogen peroxide the extract from blue ternate was

utilized. The blue ternate hand sanitizer is summarized in table 3.1 which

composed of 300 ml isopropyl alcohol of 70% solution, 15 ml of blue ternate

extract, and 5 ml of glycerin. All the ingredients are mixed properly then

placed in a spray container.

Table 3.1 Composition of blue ternate hand sanitizer

Ingredients Volume

Isopropyl alcohol of 70% solution 300 ml

Blue ternate extract 15 ml

Glycerin 5 ml

Sample and Sampling Procedure

The study employed convenience sampling technique to obtain

the acceptability level of the hand sanitizer in terms of its appearance,

odor strength and skin irritation. Fifty (50) respondents from the

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Oroquieta City were chosen to participate in the survey. The

respondents were asked to examine the hand sanitizer in terms of its

appearance, and odor using the 5-point Likert scale.

Ethical Consideration

The ethical considerations in the research maintained during this study

includes informed consent given to the Campus Director of the University of

Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-Oroquieta City that the

researchers were allowed to have a survey of the students of the University.

All the respondents are not forced to participate in the study. These factors

were taken into account in order to minimize any potential emotional, physical,

or psychological harm.

Data Analysis

The gathered data through the study of blue ternate flower extract as

part of the ingredients of hand sanitizer was tested in varying parameters in

terms of pH level, alcohol strength, and acceptability level was analyzed for

the potentiality of the concentration of blue ternate extract as an alternative of

hydrogen peroxide in hand sanitizer. The alcohol strength and pH level was

determined using alcohol meter and pH meter respectively. The acceptability

level was tested in terms of appearance, odor strength, and skin irritation with

the respondents. Furthermore, the data gathered from the respondents was

analyzed by getting the weighted mean of the appearance, and odor strength.

The acceptability level was implemented using a 5-point Likert scale.

The 5-point Likert scale was used in obtaining the acceptability of the

50 respondents on the blue ternate hand sanitizer in the different parameters;

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

where five (5) is the highest remark (Like extremely), three (3) is neutral, and

one (1) is the lowest remark (Dislike extremely). The table below shows the

score or rating that the respondents can give and its corresponding

description.

Table 3.2 Criteria for acceptability scoring

Description Range

Like extremely 4.21 – 5.00

Like slightly 3.41 – 4.20

Neither like or dislike 2.61 – 3.40

Dislike slightly 1.81 – 2.60

Dislike extremely 1.00 – 1.80

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This study sought to make a hand sanitizer from the flower extract of

the blue ternate .It also attempted to evaluate the efficacy of hand sanitizer

made from the blue ternate flower extract. Finally, users of the blue ternate

hand sanitizer created evaluated its acceptability.

pH Level

The pH range of healthy skin is between 5.4 and 5.9, and this is

frequently considered the neutral pH range for cosmetic products (Selam et

al., 2022). In the process of attaining the ph level of the hand sanitizer the

researchers’ uses a digital pH meter, it was calibrated to assure that the

equipment is working properly. The blue ternate hand sanitizer obtained a pH

level of 6.6 which is slightly acidic and near to neutral or base pH level.

Alcohol strength

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using hand

sanitizer or alcohol with an isopropyl base to remove microorganisms from the

hands. Hand sanitizer or alcohol with an isopropyl alcohol base can be tested

using an alcohol meter (Hertiavi et al.,2021). To measure the alcohol strength

of the hand sanitizer, the researchers used an alcohol meter with an alcohol

thermometer to get the actual alcohol concentration level of blue ternate hand

sanitizer since the temperature will affect the alcohol concentration. The

researchers tested the alcohol concentration of the hand sanitizer using

alcohol meter and recorded 64 degrees. Then using the alcohol thermometer
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to get the temperature and recorded 32°C. Finally, use conversation table to

achieve the right alcohol concentration. The value that the researchers

obtained was 59.9 degrees of alcohol which is the actual concentration. See

Appendix B for Alcohol concentration meter temperature conversion table.

Evaluating the acceptability level of hand sanitizer

Table 4.1 shows the respondents’ acceptability of the blue ternate

(Clitoria ternatea) hand sanitizer with 300 ml 70% isopropyl alcohol, 5 ml

glycerin, and 15 ml blue ternate extract in terms of its appearance and odor

strength using a 5-point Likert scale. The survey showed that the overall

quality of the hand sanitizer was “liked slightly” by the respondents. Therefore

the blue ternate extract has the potential to be an alternative to hydrogen

peroxide on hand sanitizer.

Table 4.1 Distribution of votes from the respondents

Dislike Dislike Neither Like Like Weighted Interpretation

extreme slightly like or slightly extremely Mean
Quality
ly (1) (2) dislike (4) (5)
(3)
Appearance 4 0 2 22 22 4.16 Like Slightly

Odor strength 2 4 15 15 14 3.7 Like Slightly

Overall 3.93 Like Slightly

Weighted

Mean

Skin irritation

All fifty (50) respondents applied the blue ternate hand sanitizer on

their hands for 5 mins. Shown below is the frequency table. Here, 0% or none
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

had experience skin irritation.

Table 4.3 Respondents experience of skin irritation

Observed Skin Irritation

Percentage

YES 0 0%

NO 50 100%
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of findings

           This study aims to determine the effectiveness of blue ternate hand

sanitizer. This study is conducted throughout the school year 2022-2023 of

University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines at Purok 5,

Poblacion 1, Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental. The findings of the study are

as follows.

1. The appearance acceptability level of blue ternate hand sanitizer

obtained 4.16 out of 5.00.

2. Based on the odor stability test, the blue ternate hand sanitizer

eventually gives off a blue ternate scent overtime but it exudes

pleasant smell.

3. No skin irritation was observed by the fifty (50) respondents.

4. The blue ternate hand sanitizer has a 6 pH level which is slightly higher

than the neutral pH of 5.4 – 5.9.

5. The alcohol strength of blue ternate hand sanitizer is 59.9% which is

around 60% alcohol concentration.

6. The respondents’ acceptability test to blue ternate hand sanitizer

produced revealed that it was liked slightly by the users, with a total

average rating of 3.93 for appearance, 4.16, and 3.7 for odor.
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were derived:

1. The extract from blue ternate gives blue-violet color to hand sanitizer

which is slightly like and gives appealing color.

2. Blue ternate hand sanitizer has its unique fragrance.

3. The blue ternate hand sanitizer is safe for the skin to use. All

respondents has no evident skin discomfort after using the blue ternate

hand sanitizer.

4. The pH level of blue ternate hand sanitizer is slightly above the neutral

of 5.4 – 5.9 pH level appropriate for the skin. Though according to Ali

and Yosipovitch (2013) and Lambers et al. (2006) studying any

topically applied medicinal preparation requires evaluating the

prepared hand sanitizer's pH, which should be between 4 and 7 to

prevent skin irritants and inflammation. Also Rahmasari et al (2020)

were able to create a hand sanitizer gel that was non-irritating and had

a pH of 6.5 to 6.7.

5. The alcohol strength of hand sanitizer is within the required alcohol

concentration from the World Health Organization (WHO).

6. Blue ternate flower extract has a potential to be an alternative to

hydrogen peroxide in hand sanitizer.

Recommendations

In relation to the results and findings of the study, the researchers

would like to recommend the following:

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

1. Decrease slightly the pH level by adding acidic ingredients to hand

sanitizer

2. Add more fragrance ingredients such as citrus or detergent odor

(Aodah et al., 2021).

3. Lighten the color of blue ternate hand sanitizer to look more

pleasant to the eyes. Also to avoid stain to white clothes.

4. Compare the produced hand sanitizer to gel type hand sanitizer.

5. Use another method of extraction to efficiently extract the natural

antimicrobial property of blue ternate.

 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

REFERENCES

Aodah et al. (2021, August 8). Preparation and evaluation of benzalkonium

chloride hand sanitizer as a potential alternative for alcohol-based hand
gels. ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131901642100116X

Atalay et al. (2021). Protective effects of cannabidiol on the membrane

proteins of skin keratinocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide via
participation in the proteostasis network.

Campbell et al. (2022, June 15). ENH1309/EP573: Butterfly pea (Clitoria

ternatea) flower extract (BPFE) and its use as a pH-dependent natural
colorant. Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/EP573

Chojnacki et al. (2021, March 3). Just a moment... ASM Journal Platform.
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Dr. Seema Tiwari , Nishu Rai , C. Kushi. (2020). Hand sanitizer: Effectiveness
& characterization. IJERT – International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology. https://www.ijert.org/hand-sanitizer-
effectiveness-characterization

Fletcher, J. (2020, May 20). Can hydrogen peroxide treat skin conditions?
Medical and health information.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hydrogen-peroxide-for-skin

Hartley. (2010). Hydrogen peroxide. DermNet | Dermatology Resource.

https://dermnetnz.org/topics/hydrogen-peroxide

Hertiavi et al. (2021). View of the use of a modest alcohol meter. Jurnal
Pascasarjana Universitas Mataram.
https://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/article/view/841/850

Jamil et al. (2018, August 15). Antimicrobial Activity from Leaf, Flower, Stem,
and Root of Clitoria ternatea – A Review. Scitation - AIP Publishing.
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5050140
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Kapoor et al. (2021, September 1). Hydrogen peroxide in dermatology. Indian

Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.
https://ijdvl.com/hydrogen- peroxide-in-dermatology/

Lakshan et al. (2019, May 20). A commercial potential blue pea (Clitoria
ternatea L.) flower extract incorporated beverage having functional
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in COVID-19 pandemic, its characteristics, and harmful effects: A
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Saha et al. (2021, September 29). Alcohol-based hand sanitizer –

composition, proper use and precautions. PubMed Central (PMC).
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Selam et al. (2022, October 06). Evaluation of quality and antimicrobial

efficacy of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers
marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the era of COVID-19. (2022,
October 8). SpringerLink.
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Triol et al. (2020). The use of Clitoria ternatea (blue ternate) ethanolic extract
as a potential stain for bacteria. Publiscience.
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Clitoria-ternatea-ethanolic-extracts-as-a-potential-stain.pdf

Twin. (2020, March 16). DIY Hand Sanitizer formulated by WORLD HEALTH
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v=s6Cgs3TRBLw&t=3s&ab_channel=Twin%27sLovelyWorld

Widyarman et al. (2018, October 19). Antibiofilm effect of Clitoria ternatea

flower juice on Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Open Journal
Systems. https://jurnal.pdgi.or.id/index.php/jida/article/view/288
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Composition of blue ternate hand sanitizer

Ingredients Volume

Isopropyl alcohol of 70% solution 300 ml

Blue ternate extract 15 ml

Glycerin 5 ml

APPENDIX B

Alcohol concentration meter temperature conversion table

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPENDIX C

Survey Responses
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPENDIX D

Respondents’ acceptability level of the blue ternate hand sanitizer

Quality Mean Interpretation

Appearance 4.16 Like slightly

Odor strength 3.7 Like slightly

Overall weighted mean 3.93 Like slightly

APPENDIX E

Distribution of votes from the respondents

Dislike Dislike Neither Like Like Weighted Interpretation

extreme slightly like or slightly extremely Mean
Quality
ly (1) (2) dislike (4) (5)
(3)
Appearance 4 0 2 22 22 4.16 Like Slightly

Odor strength 2 4 15 15 14 3.7 Like Slightly

Overall 3.93 Like Slightly

Weighted

Mean

APPENDIX F

Respondents experience of skin irritation

Observed Skin Irritation

Percentage

YES 0 0%

NO 50 100%
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPENDIX G

Sampling Site

Image downloaded from shorturl.at/eCOZ9

APPENDIX H

Collection of Blue ternate (Clitoria ternatea) flower

Original Photo - Photographed by the Researchers on January 9, 2023

UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPENDIX I

Production of Blue Ternate Hand Sanitizer

Original Photo - Photographed by the Researchers on January 9, 2023

Plucking the sepals Soaking the flower

Strain and set dry Pounding the blue ternate flower

Extracting the liquid juice Making the blue ternate hand sanitizer

APPENDIX J
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Testing of hand sanitizer

Original Photo - Photographed by the Researchers on January 9, 2023

pH test

Alcohol strength test

APPENDIX K
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

Evaluating the acceptability level of hand sanitizer

Original Photo - Photographed by the Researchers on February 6, 2023