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    DRRM Module 1

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    elma anacleto
    Disasters negatively impact millions of people worldwide each year. They can be natural, such as earthquakes or floods, or human-caused, like fires or explosions. When disasters strike, people may be injured or killed, lose their homes and possessions, and experience mental and physical trauma. Disaster risk is determined by hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. It can be increased by factors like poverty, climate change, unplanned urbanization, and lack of disaster awareness or weak governance. Understanding disaster concepts is important for being prepared and reducing risks.

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    DRRM Module 1

    Uploaded by

    elma anacleto
    550 views10 pages
    Disasters negatively impact millions of people worldwide each year. They can be natural, such as earthquakes or floods, or human-caused, like fires or explosions. When disasters strike, people may be injured or killed, lose their homes and possessions, and experience mental and physical trauma. Disaster risk is determined by hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. It can be increased by factors like poverty, climate change, unplanned urbanization, and lack of disaster awareness or weak governance. Understanding disaster concepts is important for being prepared and reducing risks.

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    DRRM MODULE 1

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    Disasters negatively impact millions of people worldwide each year. They can be natural, such as earthquakes or floods, or human-caused, like fires or explosions. When disasters strike, people may be injured or killed, lose their homes and possessions, and experience mental and physical trauma. Disaster risk is determined by hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. It can be increased by factors like poverty, climate change, unplanned urbanization, and lack of disaster awareness or weak governance. Understanding disaster concepts is important for being prepared and reducing risks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    550 views10 pages

    DRRM Module 1

    Uploaded by

    elma anacleto
    Disasters negatively impact millions of people worldwide each year. They can be natural, such as earthquakes or floods, or human-caused, like fires or explosions. When disasters strike, people may be injured or killed, lose their homes and possessions, and experience mental and physical trauma. Disaster risk is determined by hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity. It can be increased by factors like poverty, climate change, unplanned urbanization, and lack of disaster awareness or weak governance. Understanding disaster concepts is important for being prepared and reducing risks.

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    of 10

    12

    Disaster
    Readiness and
    Risk Reduction
    Quarter 1 – Module 1
    Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk
    Introduction:

    Every year, millions of people around the world are affected by either human-caused or
    natural disasters. Disasters take different forms, like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods,
    hurricanes, tornados or fires. In a disaster, people face the danger of death or physical injury.
    They may also lose their home, possessions and community where they live in. Disasters can
    cause a full range of mental and physical reactions. Those affected may also react to problems
    that occur after the event, as well as to triggers or reminders of the trauma.

    What I Need to Know

    This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
    understand the Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk. This module provides
    discussions and activities that will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant
    information about the lesson. This module emphasizes the guidelines, and importance
    of disaster readiness, risk reduction, and management.

    The module is all about the Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk.

    After going through this module, you are expected to:

    1. Explain the meaning of disaster.


    2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.
    What I Know

    Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

    1. What is a process, a phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life or other
    health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental
    degradation?
    a. Hazard c. Emergency
    b. Disaster d. Vulnerability
    2. Which is NOT a risk driver?
    a. Week governance c. Environmental degradation
    b. Poverty and inequality d. Properly planned urban development
    3. What are the variables that amplify the effects of hazards, thus affecting the degree or
    scope of a disaster?
    a. Exposure c. Risk drivers
    b. Elements at risk d. Vulnerability
    4. Which among the following is not a result of disasters?
    a. Displacement of populations.
    b. Damage to the ecological environment.
    c. Destruction of a population’s homeland.
    d. Adequate supply of goods and services.
    5. An event, whether natural or human-induced, becomes a disaster except on what
    situation?
    a. It occurs in an area with no exposure.
    b. It causes widespread material or environmental losses.
    c. Community cannot provide the residents their basic needs.
    d. Communities experience severe danger and incur loss of lives.r
    Lesson Basic Concept of
    1 Disaster and Disaster
    Risk

    Do you feel scared or shocked when you hear news about typhoons, floods, fire, earthquakes,
    landslides, terrorism, kidnapping, and epidemic diseases? When these happen, you hear terrible deaths,
    witness many injured or sick people, see massive infrastructure destruction, or experience economic
    loss. In this world, we always face these threats. Are there ways on how you can become prepared for
    these threats? With this first module, you will be equipped with knowledge, and information about
    disasters.

    What’s In

    ACTIVITY 1.

    When was the last time you experienced a disaster? What are the effects of this disaster to you
    or probably to your family or community? How did you respond to it?

    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
    What is It

    The concept of disaster and disaster risk

    Definition of Disaster and Disaster Risk


    Disaster is defined as “ a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss,
    destruction and devastation of life and property. Its origin can be natural, such as earthquakes,
    floods and hurricanes, or of human origin, such as explosions, nuclear accidents and terrorist
    acts.
    From a socio-cultural perspective, disaster is defined as “ a serious disruption of the
    functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses, which
    exceed the ability of the affected people to cope, using their human resources.
    Relative to disaster, a salient factor that needs to be addressed properly is disaster risk.
    Disaster risk is defined as “ the probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is
    to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard , on account of its nature ,
    construction and proximity to a hazardous area. In other words, disaster risk signifies the
    possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is derived from the interaction of social and
    environmental processes, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of
    exposed elements.
    The disaster risk formula is shown below:
    Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
    Capacity
    A hazard is a process, phenomenon. or human activity that may cause loss of life,
    injury or other health impacts, property damage, social economic disruption or even
    environmental degradation.
    An exposure is the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities
    and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.
    Vulnerability is a condition determined by physical, social, economic, and
    environmental factors or processes which increases the susceptibility of an individual,
    community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.
    To determine disaster risk, the capacity of the community must be analyzed.
    Capacity is the combination of all strengths, attributes, and resources available within an
    organization, community, or society to manage and reduce disaster risks.
    Disaster risk can be presented with this diagram:

    HAZARD VULNERABILITY

    Risk
    EXPOSURE

    Nature of Disasters
    Disasters are of two types – “ natural and human-made “. Based on the
    devastation, these are further classified into major or minor natural disasters and major or
    minor man-made disasters.
    1. Natural disasters – These originate from the different “ forces “ of nature ( geological,
    meteorological, hydrometeorological and biological ). Natural disasters such as earthquakes,
    volcanic eruptions, typhoons, and cyclones affect many countries in Asia particularly the
    Philippines.
    2. Human-made disasters – These disasters occur due to people’s actions against human,
    material and environment. These include transport and industrial accidents such as air and train
    crashes, chemical spills, and building collapses. Terrorism is also categorized as human-made
    disaster.

    Disaster Risk Drivers

    Disaster risk drivers are factors the promote or increase the risk of a disaster. The
    following are some disaster risk drivers:
    1. Climate change – This an amplify disaster risk while weakening the resilience of the
    community.
    2. Poverty – extreme poverty equates to greater disaster impact.
    3. Socio-economic inequality – can result to limited capacity of households and
    communities to manage the risk and improve their resilience.
    4. Increase population density/growth – the higher the population, the greater
    vulnerability to disasters.
    5. Rapid and unplanned urbanization – can result to an increased severity of disasters.
    6. Environmental degradation – can reduce the environmental capacity to provide social
    and ecological needs.
    7. Lack of awareness – households, communities, and societies who have lack of awareness
    on disasters are not disaster prepared thus can aggravate disaster risk.
    8. Weak governance – inefficient, and incompetent protection of human rights, and failure
    to provide public services can happen due weak governance.

    What’s More

    ACTIVITY 2. My Disaster Diary

    Answer this activity in a separate sheet. Fill in the table by writing in the
    first column the disasters you experienced, year it happened in the second
    column, and what you felt and experienced during these disasters in the third
    column.
    Disasters Year these happened Thoughts and
    experiences

    What I Have Learned

    1. A disaster is a serious disruption in the functioning of a community or a


    society due to a hazardous event.
    2. The factors of disaster risk are hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and
    capacity.
    3. Disasters can be natural, such as earthquake, typhoon, and flood, or man-
    made such as hazardous material and chemical threat.
    4. Disaster risks can be promoted or aggravated by poverty, rapid and
    unplanned urbanization, increased population density, climate change,
    environmental destruction, socio-economic inequality, weak governance
    and lack of awareness.

    What I Can Do

    Population is a man-made disaster in the environment brought about


    by irresponsible actions and activities. Pollution can harm people, animals and
    plants. As a student, how can you help in solving the problem on pollution?

    Assessment:

    Multiple choice. Choose the best answer. Answer on a separate of paper.

    1. Which is NOT a risk drive?


    A. Weak governance C. Environmental degradation
    B. Poverty and inequality D. property planned urban development
    2. What is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of
    life, injury or other health impacts, poverty damage, social and economic
    disruption?
    A. Hazard C. Emergency
    B. Disaster D. Vulnerability
    3. What are the variables that amplify the effects of hazards, thus affecting
    the degree or scope of a disaster?
    A. Exposure C. Risk drivers
    B. Elements at risk D. Vulnerability
    4. An event, whether natural or human-induced, becomes a disaster except
    on what situation?
    A. It occurs in an area with no exposure.
    B. It causes widespread material or environmental losses.
    C. Community cannot provide the residents their basic needs.
    D. Communities experiences severe danger and incur loss of lives.
    5. Which among the following is not a result of disasters?
    A. Displacement of population.
    B. Damage to the ecological environment.
    C. Destruction of a population’s homeland.
    D. Adequate supply of goods and services.
    6. Which of the following situations pertains to a disaster risk?
    A. A landslide at the foothill of a deserted mountain.
    B. A landslide in Benguet that destroyed a mountain village.
    C. An isolated volcano erupting in the middle of Pacific Ocean.
    D. Typhoon Haiyan passing over a remote and unpopulated island.
    7. Which among the following is not an example of a natural disaster?
    A. Sinkholes C. Nuclear war
    B. Insect infestation D. Storm surge
    8. What is the condition determined by physical, social, economic, and
    environmental factors or processes which increases the susceptibility of
    an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of
    hazards?
    A. Vulnerability C. resilience
    B. Hazard D. Capacity
    9. Which risk driver shows the inefficient, and incompetent protection of
    human rights, and failure to provide public services?
    A. Poverty C. Weak governance
    B. Lack of awareness D. Climate change
    10. What is the difference between a disaster and a disaster risk?
    A. Disaster is process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause
    loss of life. Injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and
    economic disruption or even environmental degradation; whereas a disaster
    risk is the situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities
    and other tangible human assets located in hazard prone areas.
    B. Disaster is the combination of all strengths, attributes and resources
    whereas a disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or
    destroyed/damaged assets which could occur to a system.
    C. Disaster is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a
    community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with
    variety of conditions; whereas disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury or
    destroyed/damaged assets which could occur to a system.
    D. None of these

    References:
    Commission on Higher Education. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School:
    Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.
    Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School
    Author: Rolly E. Rimando and Villamor S. Quebral

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