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    6-6 Beams - Moment of Resistance Part 2

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    Brendon Gova
    1) The moment of resistance of a beam depends on factors like its geometry, boundary conditions, and the shape of the bending moment diagram along its length. 2) Beams are classified as slender, intermediate, or short based on the ratio of their critical elastic buckling moment to their full plastic moment capacity. This determines their failure mode. 3) The effective length used to calculate a beam's moment of resistance accounts for the shape of the bending moment diagram and where points of inflection or maximum bending occur along the beam's span.

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    6-6 Beams - Moment of Resistance Part 2

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    Brendon Gova
    32 views15 pages
    1) The moment of resistance of a beam depends on factors like its geometry, boundary conditions, and the shape of the bending moment diagram along its length. 2) Beams are classified as slender, intermediate, or short based on the ratio of their critical elastic buckling moment to their full plastic moment capacity. This determines their failure mode. 3) The effective length used to calculate a beam's moment of resistance accounts for the shape of the bending moment diagram and where points of inflection or maximum bending occur along the beam's span.

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    6-6 Beams - Moment of Resistance Part 2(1)

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    1) The moment of resistance of a beam depends on factors like its geometry, boundary conditions, and the shape of the bending moment diagram along its length. 2) Beams are classified as slender, intermediate, or short based on the ratio of their critical elastic buckling moment to their full plastic moment capacity. This determines their failure mode. 3) The effective length used to calculate a beam's moment of resistance accounts for the shape of the bending moment diagram and where points of inflection or maximum bending occur along the beam's span.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views15 pages

    6-6 Beams - Moment of Resistance Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Brendon Gova
    1) The moment of resistance of a beam depends on factors like its geometry, boundary conditions, and the shape of the bending moment diagram along its length. 2) Beams are classified as slender, intermediate, or short based on the ratio of their critical elastic buckling moment to their full plastic moment capacity. This determines their failure mode. 3) The effective length used to calculate a beam's moment of resistance accounts for the shape of the bending moment diagram and where points of inflection or maximum bending occur along the beam's span.

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    of 15

    SIN 323

    STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

    THEME 6-6 Part 2


    MOMENT OF RESISTANCE (Mr)
    INELASTIC BUCKLING OF BEAMS
    Reference: CSIR § 5.4.2

    Actual buckling moment will be influenced by


    • Initial geometric imperfections (the beam section not straight)
    • Eccentricity of loading (the loading on the beam causes
    twisting)
    • Initial internal stresses (residual stresses) leading to inelastic
    behaviour

    Residual
    stresses
    INELASTIC BUCKLING OF BEAMS
    See CSIR Fig. 5.7 and Fig. 5.9: Note analogy with columns
    MOMENT OF RESISTANCE

    A beam is defined as short, intermediate or slender depending


    on the ratio of the critical elastic moment Mcr) to the full capacity
    moment (Mp and My)
    • Mcr < two thirds of the full moment
    capacity – slender. Mode of failure is
    lateral torsional buckling

    • Mcr > two thirds of the full moment


    capacity – intermediate. Mode of
    failure is a combination of flexure
    and lateral torsional buckling

    • Short – mode of failure is pure


    flexure
    MOMENT OF RESISTANCE

    • Full moment capacity of a section where the compression


    flange is fully restrained is given by Mr = Zfy

    • Sections that have no single “strong” axis (SHS and CHS)


    are not susceptible to lateral torsional buckling and Mr is the
    full moment capacity of the section.

    • I and H sections have an x-axis stronger than the y-axis and


    they are susceptible to lateral torsional buckling.
    SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

    A constant bending moment over the distance between lateral


    restraints is relatively rare so a correction factor can be applied,
    effectively converting a varying bending moment diagram to an
    equivalent uniform moment diagram.
    M max

    𝜔 1.75 1.05𝑘 0.3𝑘


    2 M max

    𝜔 2.5

    M min  = Mmin/Mmax < 1.0


    If the maximum moment of a segment occurs only at one end –
    the bending resistance of that segment is increased. To take
    this resistance into account we use a modification factor 2 –
    based on the distribution of bending moment along the length
    of a beam segment.
    SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

     is the ratio of the smaller to the larger ultimate moment at


    opposite ends of the un-braced length and is positive for
    double curvature and negative for single curvature.

    Double curvature: the point of contra-flexure occurs over the


    length of the segment

    With constant bending moment (the reference case):  = -1,


    Substitute and find that ω2 = 1.
    SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

    w2 cannot be used if the maximum moment falls between the


    two points of lateral restraint (i.e. w2 = 1.0 for this case).

    M1

    M min

    M max
    SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
    SHAPE OF BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
    MOMENT OF RESISTANCE
    Condition Moment of resistance Mr
    0.28𝑀
    Mcr > 0.67Mp 1.15𝜑𝑀 1
    𝑀
    Class but not more than Mp
    1 and 2
    Mcr ≤ 0.67Mp Mcr
    0.28𝑀
    Mcr > 0.67My 1.15𝜑𝑀 1
    𝑀
    Class but not more than My
    3 and 4
    Mcr ≤ 0.67My Mcr
    BEAM SEGMENTS

    Designing a beam with its compression flange supported at


    intervals along its length – consider a series of segments

    Lateral restraints define the segment length and an effective


    length of the compression flange is determined for each
    segment
    kL = centre to centre distance
    between retraining members
    • Destabilising load (applied to
    compression flange) – increase
    by 20%
    • No torsional restrain provided at
    support – increase KL of
    segment adjacent to support by
    20% if load is “normal”
    DETERMINING EFFECTIVE LENGTH
    The buckling length L, provides the
    application link between the benchmark
    Bending Moment
    or calibrated model and the application to
    the design problem. Important points
    about the buckling length L: Buckling Mode

     The length is consistent with a half


    sine wave in the benchmark model.
    Compression top(Li)
     Effective length factors in Design
    Tension top

    Codes convert the length between Bending Moment

    lateral restraints in applications to an Compression top(Li+2h)

    equivalent half sine wave.


     The shape of the bending moment Buckling Mode

    diagram can also be linked the


    buckling length.
    DETERMINING EFFECTIVE LENGTH

    Prior to the introduction of moment-gradient correction factors, steel


    designers used modified buckling lengths to eliminate some of the
    inherent conservatism attached to assuming that the maximum moment
    in a non-uniform case, appears over the full length between lateral
    restraints.
    As the point of inflection is not necessarily laterally braced, the buckling
    length is obtained from adding 2xbeam depth(h) to the distance to the
    point of inflection.
    The correct design of a steel beam revolves around a correct
    assessment of:
     The buckling length L
     The moment gradient correction factor, 2
    FACTORS INFLUENCING BEAM STABILITY

    • Shape of bending moment diagram

    • Unrestrained length of compression flange

    • Position of load relative to the neutral axis

    • Torsional restraint at beam ends

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