3 - ATPL Questions AGK2-Electricity - Electonics

DC ELECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES
1.1 (15-16) DC ELECTRICS SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – THEORY
1. All effects of electricity take place because of the existence of a tiny particle called the:
a. electric.
b. proton.
c. neutron.
d. electron
Ans. D
2. The nucleus of an atom is:,

a) positively charged.
b) negatively charged.
c) statically charged.
d) of zero potential.
Ans. A
3. An atom is electrically balanced when:

a) its protons and electrons balance each other.
b) the protons outnumber the electrons.
c) the electrons outnumber the protons.
d) the electric and static charges are balanced.
Ans. A
4. The electrons of an atom are:

b) neutral.
c) negatively charged.
d) of zero potential.
Ans. C
5. A material with a deficiency of electrons becomes:

c) isolated.
d) overheated.
Ans. A
6. A material with a surplus of electrons becomes:

c) over charged.
d) saturated.
Ans. B
7. Heat produces an electric charge when:

a) like poles are joined.
b) a hard and soft glass is heated.
c) the junction of two unlike metals is heated.
d) hard and soft material are rubbed together.
Ans. C
8. Friction causes:
a) mobile electricity.
b) basic electricity.
c) static electricity.
d) wild electricity.
Ans. C
9. Chemical action produces electricity in:

a) a light meter.
b) a generator.
c) a primary cell.
d) starter generator.
Ans. C
10. A photo electric cell produces electricity when:

a) two metals are heated.
b) exposed to a light source.
c) a light source is removed.
d) exposed to the heat of the sun.
Ans. B
(17-18)
1.1 DC ELECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES
UNITS 1
ELECTRICS
1. The difference in electric potential is measured in:

a) KVAR's
b) watts
c) amps
d) volts
Ans. D
2. The units of electrical power is measured in:

a) watts
b) amperes
c) ohms
d) volts
Ans. A
3. The unit measurement of electrical resistance is:

a) the volt
b) the watt
c) the ohm
d) the ampere
Ans. C
4. An ammeter measures:
a) current
b) power dissipation
c) differences of electrical potential
d) heat energy
Ans. A
5. Materials containing 'free electrons' are called:

a) insulators
b) resistors
c) collectors
d) conductors
Ans. D
6. The unit used for measuring the E.M.F. of electricity is:

a) the ohm
b) the ampere
c) the volt
d) the watt
Ans. C
7. The unit used for measuring:

a) current - is the volt.
b) resistance - is the ohm.
c) electric power is the capacitor.
d) E.M.F. - is the amp.
Ans. B
8. Three resistance of 60 ohms each in parallel give a total resistance of:
a) 180 ohms
b) 40 ohms
c) 30 ohms
d) 20 ohms
Ans. D
9. A voltmeter measures:
a) electro-motive force.
b) the heat loss in a series circuit.
c) the current flow in a circuit.
d) the resistance provided by the trimming devices.
Ans. A
10. Watts =
a) resistance squared x amps
b) volts x ohms
c) ohms x amps
d) volts x amps
Ans. D
1.1 (19-20)
1.2 DC ELECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES
UNITS 2
ELECTRICS
1. The total resistance of a number of power consumer devices connected in series is:
a) the addition of the individual resistances.
b) the addition of the reciprocals of the individual resistance.
c) twice the reciprocal of the individual resistances.
d) the reciprocal of the total.
Ans. A
2. The total resistance of a number of resistances connected in parallel is:

a) R = R, +R 2 +R 3 +R 4
b) 1/ R T = 1/ R 1 + 1/ R 2 + 1/ R 3 + 1/R 4
c) 1/ R T = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4
d) R/ T 1 =1/R+R 2 /1+1/R+R 4 /1
Ans. B
3. Ohms Law states:

a) Current in amps = (Resistance in ohms)/(Electromotive force in volts)
b) Resistance in ohms = (Current in amps)/(Electromotive force in volts)
c) Current in amps = (Electromotive force in volts)/(Resistance in ohms)
Ans. C
4. A device consuming 80 watts at 8 amps would have a voltage supply of:

a) 640 volts.
b) 12 volts.
c) 10 volts.
d) 8 volts.
Ans. C
5. In a simple electrical circuit, if the resistors are in parallel, the total current consumed is equal to:
a) the sum of the currents taken by the devices divided by the number of devices.
b) the sum of the currents taken by the devices.
c) the average current taken by the devices times the number of the devices.
d) the sum of the reciprocals of the currents taken by the devices.
Ans. B
6. The symbol for volts is:

a) E or W
b) V or E
c) I or V
d) R or W
Ans. B
7. Electrical potential is measured in:

a) watts
b) bars
c) volts
d) ohms
Ans. C
8. If a number of electrical consuming devices were connected in parallel the reciprocal of the total resistance
would be:
a) the sum of the currents.
b) the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.
c) the sum of their resistances.
d) volts divided by the sum of the resistances.
Ans. B
9. The current flowing in an electrical circuit is measured in:

a) volts
b) ohms
c) inductance
d) amps
Ans. D
10. Electro-motive force is measured in:

a) amps x volts
b) Watts
c) ohms
d) volts
Ans. D
1.1 (21-25)
DC LECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES
DC ELECTRICS MORE SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. OHMS law is given by the formula

a) I = R/V
b) V=R/I
c) I = V/R
d) R = VxI
Ans. C
2. The current flowing in a circuit is

a) Directly proportional to resistance, indirectly proportional to voltage
b) Directly proportional to temperature, inversely proportional to resistance
c) Inversely proportional to resistance, directly proportional to voltage
d) Inversely proportional to applied voltage, directly proportional to temperature
Ans. C
3. The unit of EMF is the

a) Ampere
b) Volt
c) Watt
d) Ohm
Ans. B
4. Potential difference is measured in

a) Amps
b) Volts
c) Watts
d) Ohms
Ans. B
5. The unit of current is the

a) Ampere
b) Volt
c) Watt
d) Ohm
Ans. A
6. The unit of resistance is the

a) Ampere
b) Volt
c) Watt
d) Ohm
Ans. D
7. Electrical power is measured in

a) Ampere
b) Volt
c) Watt
d) Ohm
Ans. C
8. 1,250 ohms may also be expressed as
a) 1250 K ohms
b) 1.25 K ohms
c) 1.25 M ohms
d) 0.125 K ohms
Ans. B
9. 1.5 M ohms may also be expressed as

a) 15000 ohms
b) 1500 ohms
c) 150000 ohms
d) 1500 K ohms
Ans. D
10. 550 K ohms may also be expressed as

a) 550000 M ohms
b) 0.55 M ohms
c) 55000 ohms
d) 0.55 ohms
Ans. B
11. The voltage applied to a simple resistor increases

a) Current will decrease but power consumed remains constant
b) Resistance and power decrease
c) Current flow will increase and power consumed will increase
d) Current flow increases and power consumed decreases
Ans. C
12. What is the total resistance in this circuit

10 kΩ 1 kΩ 500Ω
a) 11.5 ohms
b) 11,500 K ohms
c) 11.5 K ohms
d) 11.5 M ohms
Ans. C
LOOK AT THE CIRCUIT AT ANNEX À' AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
BASIC PRINCIPLES ANNEX À'
28 v DC
13. The total resistance of the circuit is

a) 14 ohms
b) 39.6 ohms
c) 25.6 ohms
d) varies with the applied voltage
Ans.
Total circuit resistance , evaluate the total resistance of the three resistors in parallel first
1/R T = 1/R1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R 3
1/R T = 1/12 + 1/12 + ¼
1/R T = (1+1+3)/ 12
1/R T = 5/12
R T = 12/5 = 2Ω
Then add the resistances in series
4.6 + 2.4 + 7 = 14Ω
14. The current flow indication on ammeter À' would be

a) 2 amps
b) 2 volts
c) 2.5 amps
d) 2.5 volts
Ans. I = V/R = 2amps
15. The total power consumed in the circuit will be
a) 14 kilowatts
b) 56 kilowatts
c) 56 watts
d) 14 watts
Ans. C
16. The power consumed by R5 alone is

a) 14 watts
b) 28 watts
c) 1 l2 watts
d) 28 kilowatts
Ans. B
17. The indication on voltmeter V 1 will be

a) 2.3 volts
b) 28 volts
c) 9.2 volts
d) 92 volts
Ans.
18. The indication on voltmeter V3 will be

a) 28 volts
b) 14 volts
c) 14 amps
d) 3.5 volts
Ans. B
19. The indication on voltmeter V2 will be

a) 28 volts
b) 4.8 volts
c) 9.6 volts
d) 14 volts
Ans. B
20. The current flowing through R2 is

a) 0.04 amps
b) 0.4 amps
c) 4 amps
d) 40 milliamps
Ans. B

a) 0.04 amps
b) 0.4 amps
c) 4 amps
d) 40 milliamps
Ans. B

a) 120 milliamps
b) 1.2 amps
c) 19.2 amps
d) 1.92 milliamps
Ans. B
a) 1.92 kilowatts watts
b) 1.92 watts
c) 65.3 watts
d) 65.3 kilowatts
Ans. B

a) 1.92 kilowatts watts
b) 1.92 watts
c) 65.3 watts
d) 65.3 kilowatts
Ans. B

a) 5.76 kilowatts
b) 5.76 volts
e) 5.76 watts
c) 3.33 watts
Ans. C

a) 18.4 kilowatts
b) 42.32 watts
c) 18.4 watts
d) 4.232 kilowatts
Ans. C
1.3 (13-14) DC ELECTRICS
CIRCUIT PROTECTION AND CAPACITORS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
ELECTRICS
1. In a circuit fitted with a non trip free circuit breaker if a fault occurs and persists:
a) if the reset button is depressed and held in, the circuit will be made.
b) the trip button may be pressed to reset, but not permanently.
c) a non trip free circuit breaker can never be by-passed.
d) the reset button may be pressed to make the circuit permanent.
Ans.
2. A trip-free circuit breaker that has tripped due to overload:

a) can be reset and held in during rectification.
b) can never be reset.
c) can be reset after overhaul.
d) maybe reset manually after fault has been cleared.
3. Circuit breakers and fuses

a) are used in DC circuits only
b) are used in AC or DC circuits
c) are used in AC circuits only
d) are used in low current circuits only
4. A trip-free circuit breaker is one which:

a) cannot be reset by holding the lever in while the fault persists.
b) can be reset by holding the lever in while the fault persists.
c) must be held in during checks to find faults.
d) can be by passed.
5. If the reset button is pressed in the trip-free circuit breaker, the contacts with the fault cleared will:
a) be made and kept made.
b) only be made if there is a fuse in the circuit.
c) reset itself only after a delay of 20 seconds.
d) not be made and the reset will remain inoperative.
6. A circuit breaker is a device for:

a) controlling rotor movement only.
b) isolating the service on overload.
c) isolating the battery when using the ground batteries.
d) earthing the magnetos when switching off.
7. A non-trip free circuit breaker is:

a) one which can make a circuit in flight by pushing a button.
b) a wire placed in a conductor which melts under overload.
c) another type of voltage regulator.
d) an on-off type tumbler switch.
8. A non-trip-free circuit breaker that has tripped due to overload:
a) can never be reset.
b) can only be reset on the ground by a maintenance engineer.
c) can be reset and held in if necessary.
d) cannot be reset while the fault is still there.
9. A thermal circuit breaker works on the principle of:

a) differential expansion of metals.
b) differential thickness of metals.
c) differential density of metals.
d) differential pressure of metals.
10. Circuit breakers are fitted in:

a) series with the load.
b) parallel with the load.
c) across the load.
d) shunt with the load.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A D B A A B A D A A
1.3 (15-16)
DC ELECTRICS CIRCUIT PROTECTION AND CAPACITORS
FUSES
ELECTRICS
1. A fuse is said to have blown when:

a) an excess current has burst the outer cover and disconnected the circuit from the supply.
b) the circuit is reconnected.
c) a current of a higher value than the fuse rating has melted the conductor and disconnected the circuit
from the supply.
d) the amperage has been sufficiently high to cause the fuse to trip out of its holder and has therefore,
disconnected the circuit from the supply.
2. In a fused circuit the fuse is:

a) in parallel with the load.
b) in series with the load.
c) in the conductor between generator and regulator.
d) only fitted when loads are in series.
3. Overloading an electrical circuit causes the fuse to 'Blow'. This:

a) increases the weight of the insulation.
b) fractures the fuse case.
c) disconnects the fuse from its holder.
d) melts the fuse wire
4. What must be checked before replacing a fuse:

a) the ohms of the circuit.
b) the amps being used in the circuit.
c) the amps capacity of the consuming device in the circuit.
d) the correct fuse volt or watts rating.
5. The size of fuse required for an electrical circuit whose power is 72 watts and whose voltage is 24
volts is:
a) 24 amps
b) 10 amps
c) 5 amps
d) 15 amps
6. When selecting a fuse for an aircraft circuit the governing factor is:
a) the voltage of the circuit.
b) cable cross sectional area.
c) resistance of the circuit.
d) power requirements of the circuit.
7. A fuse in an electrical circuit is 'Blown' by:

a) cooler air.
b) the breaking of the glass tube.
c) excess voltage breaking the fuse wire.
d) excess current rupturing the fuse wire.
8. A fuse is used to protect an electrical circuit, it is:
a) of low melting point.
b) of high capacity.
c) of high melting point.
d) of low resistance.
9. Fuses:
a) protect the load.
b) protect the cable.
c) protect the generator.
d) protect both the circuit cable and load.
10. A current limiter:

a) is a fuse with a low melting point.
b) is a circuit breaker.
c) is a fuse with a high melting point.
d) is a fuse enclosed in a quartz or sand.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B D C C D D A D C
1.4 (11-12)
DC ELECTRICS BATTERIES
BATTERIES 1
1. Battery voltage is tested with:

a) a megometer.
b) a voltmeter on rated load.
c) an ammeter with a rated voltage.
d) a hygrometer.
2. Two 12V 40 amp/hour batteries connected in series will produce:

a) 12V 80 amp/hr
b) 12V 20 amp/hr
c) 24V 80 amp/hr
d) 24V 40 amp/hr
3. Two 12V 40 amp/hour batteries connected in parallel will produce:

a) 12V 80 amp/hr
b) 24V 80 amp/hr
c) 12V 20 amp/hr
d) 24V 40 amp/hr
4. A battery capacity test is carried out:

a) 6 monthly
b) 2 monthly
c) 3 monthly
d) every minor check
5. An aircraft has three batteries each of 12 volts with 40 amp/hr capacity connected in series. The
resultant unit has:
a) a voltage of 36 and a capacity of 120 amp/hr.
b) a capacity of 120 amp/hr and a voltage of 12.
c) a capacity of 36 amp/hr and 120 watts.
d) a voltage of 36 and a capacity of 40 amp/hr.
6. An aircraft has a battery with a capacity of 40 amp/hr. Assuming that it will provide its normal
capacity and is discharged at the 10 hour rate:
a) it will pass 40 amps for 10 hrs.
b) it will pass 10 amps for 4 hrs.
c) it will pass 4 amps for 10 hrs.
d) it will pass 40 amps for 1 hr.
7. Battery capacity percentage efficiency must always be:

a) 10% above saturation level
b) above 70%
c) above 80%
d) above 90%
8. The method of ascertaining the voltage of a standard aircraft lead-acid battery is by checking:
a) the voltage on open circuit.
b) the current flow with a rated voltage charge.
c) the voltage off load.
d) the voltage with rated load switched ON.
9. A battery is checked for serviceability by:
a) using an ammeter.
b) measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte.
c) a boric acid solution.
d) using an ohmmeter.
10. In an AC circuit:
a) the battery is connected in series.
b) a battery cannot be used because the wire is too thick.
c) a battery cannot be used because it is DC.
d) only NICAD batteries can be used.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D A C D C C D B C
BATTERIES 2
1. The specific gravity of a fully charged lead acid cell is:

a) 1.270
b) 1.090
c) 1.120
d) 0.1270
2. The nominal voltage of the lead acid cell is:

a) 1.2 volts
b) 1.5 volts
c) 1.8 volts
d) 2.0 volts
3. A lead acid battery voltage should be checked:

a) on open circuit
b) using a trimmer circuit
c) with an ammeter
d) on load
4. In an aircraft having a battery of 24 volts nominal and fully charged the voltmeter would read:
a) 22 volts
b) 24 volts
c) 26 volts
d) 28 volts
5. The system used to maintain aircraft batteries in a high state of charge is the:
a) constant current system.
b) constant load system.
c) constant resistance system.
d) constant voltage system.
6. If you connect two identical batteries in series it will:

a) double the volts and halve the capacity.
b) reduce the voltage by 50%.
c) double the volts and leave the capacity the same.
d) double the volts and double the amps flowing in a circuit with twice the resistance
7. The nominal voltage of an alkaline cell is:

a) 2.2 volts
b) 1.8 volts
c) 1.2 volts
d) 0.12 volts
8. The specific gravity of a fully charged alkaline cell is:

a) 0.120 - 0.130
b) 1.160
c) 1.240-1.30
d) 1.800
9. The electrolyte used in the lead acid cell is diluted:

a) hydrochloric acid.
b) sulphuric acid.
c) boric acid.
d) potassium hydroxide.
10. The electrolyte used in an alkaline battery is diluted:
a) a saline solution.
b) sulphuric acid.
c) cadmium and distilled water.
d) potassium hydroxide solution.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A D D C D C C C B D
BATTERIES 3
1. The number of lead acid cells required to make up a Twelve Volt Battery is:
a) 8
b) 12
c) 6
d) 10
2. A Voltmeter across the terminals of a battery with all services off will indicate:
a) electromotive force.
b) resistance.
c) a flat battery.
d) residual voltage.
3. The voltage of a secondary cell is:

a) determined by the number of plates.
b) determined by the area of the plates.
c) determined by the diameter of the main terminals.
d) determined by the active materials on the plates.
4. The level of the electrolyte must be maintained:

a) just below the top plate.
b) above the plates level with the filler cap.
c) one inch below the top of the plates.
d) just above the top of the plates.
5. To top up the electrolyte add:

a) sulphuric acid.
b) distilled water.
c) sulphuric acid diluted with distilled water.
d) boric acid.
6. Non-spill vents are used on aircraft batteries to:

a) prevent spillage of electrolyte during violent manoeuvres.
b) stop spillage of the water only.
c) prevent the escape of gases.
d) prevent spillage during topping-up.
7. The capacity of a lead acid battery is:

a) determined by the area of the plates.
b) determined by the active materials on the plates.
c) determined by the size of the series coupling bars.
d) determined by the number of separators.
8. Acid spillage in an aircraft can be neutralised by using:

a) caustic soda.
b) soap and water.
c) soda and water.
d) bicarbonate of soda and water.
9. When the battery master switch is switched off in flight:

a) the generators are disconnected from the bus bar.
b) the ammeter reads maximum.
c) the battery is isolated from the bus bar.
d) the battery is discharged through the bonding circuit diodes.
10. When the generator is on line the battery is:
a) in parallel with the other loads.
b) in series with the generator.
c) in series when the generator is on line and is relayed when the generator is off line.
d) load sharing.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C A D D B A A D C A
1.5 (09-10)
DC ELECTRICS MAGNETISM
MAGNETISM – SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. The area of force around a magnet is termed:

a) conductance.
b) stable.
c) magnetic resistance.
d) magnetic field.
2. When a magnet is unable to accept any further magnetism it is termed:

a) reluctance.
b) saturation.
c) active.
d) reactance.
3. Permanent magnets are manufactured from:

a) steel.
b) plastic.
c) liquid.
d) glass.
4. Magnetic lines of force flow externally from:

a) one main line station to another.
b) the master station.
c) the north to the south pole.
d) in a random direction.
5. Which of the two poles has the greatest strength:

a) north seeking pole.
b) south seeking pole
c) both poles have the same strength.
d) the saturated pole.
6. Electromagnetism is a product of:

a) voltage.
b) current.
c) resistance.
d) engine resistance.
7. To increase electromagnetic force one would:

a) increase coil resistance.
b) reduce current flow.
c) lower EMF.
d) increase current flow.
8. If you bring two magnets together:

a) like poles will attract.
b) unlike poles will attract.
c) over heating will occur.
d) their magnetic fields will adjust to avoid overcrowding.
9. A soft iron core in an electromagnet:
a) increases flux density.
b) decreases flux density.
c) reduces arcing.
d) increases the lines of strength.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans D B A C C B D B A
1.6 (33-34) DC ELECTRICS GENERATORS & MOTORS
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – GENERATOR THEORY
1. An EMF is induced in a conductor rotating in a magnetic field by:

a) capacitive reaction.
b) the reverse current relay.
c) electro transmission.
d) electro magnetic induction.
2. Magnetic field strength is controlled by:

a) battery bus bar current.
b) current in the field coil.
c) current in the armature.
d) current flow to the battery.
3. If a conductor is placed in a magnetic field:

a) an EMF is induced in the conductor.
b) an EMF is induced in the conductor only when the conductor rotates.
c) the applied resistance assists the back EMF.
d) an EMF is induced in the conductor only when the conductor is stationary.
4. The output of a basic generator before commutation is:

a) AC
b) DC and after commutation is AC.
c) DC
d) synchronised AC and DC.
5. An internally excited generator is one where:

a) the field is produced within the distribution.
b) the field is initiated by a HT and LT coil.
c) the field is initiated by the battery.
d) the field is initiated within the generator.
6. A DC generator has a commutator whose purpose is to:

a) change AC to give a generator output of DC.
b) change DC to AC.
c) transmit the generator output to the electrical circuit and to cool the generator.
d) maintain a constant resistance.
7. Another name for a number of conductors rotating in a magnetic field is:

a) a capacitor.
b) an armature.
c) a condenser.
d) a commutator.
8. A generator is governed so that:

a) the EMF is constant and the rate of flow varies.
b) the rate of flow is constant and the EMF varies.
c) the generator voltage reduces generator temperature.
d) back EMF is equal and opposite to the applied EMF.
9. The voltage regulator:
a) senses cut out pressure and adjusts field current.
b) senses generator output pressure and adjusts field current.
c) senses generator output current and adjusts the field voltage.
d) senses back EMF.
10. The generator master switch is normally:

a) fitted with a mechanical safety catch.
b) in the field circuit which is connected in parallel with the generator output.
c) in the field circuit which is in parallel with the voltage regulator.
d) fitted in series with the commutator.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans D B B A D A B A B B
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – GENERATOR CONTROL
1. The voltage regulator:

a) provides a constant current flow from the generator with changes of generator speed.
b) senses current output.
c) maintains a steady generator voltage with changes of generator speed.
d) regulates the amount of current supplied by the battery to operate the generator.
2. Voltage is controlled in a generator by:

a) a reverse current relay.
b) moving the brushes.
c) a voltage regulator.
d) it is uncontrollable.
3. On aircraft, generator voltage is regulated by:

a) varying the generator field strength.
b) increasing and decreasing the load.
c) changing the generator speed.
d) changing generator load.
4. In an aircraft having a battery with a nominal voltage of 24v, generator output would be:
a) 24 volts.
b) 28amps.
c) 28 volts.
d) 24 amps.
5. In DC electrical generating systems, the voltage regulator controls the system voltage within prescribed
limits:
a) regardless of varying engine RPM and electrical load, by varying the current in the generator field
windings.
b) by means of a relay which closes contacts in the output line when a certain RPM is reached.
c) by temperature.
d) by a variable resistance which limits the voltage given by the batteries.
6. A voltage regulator is fitted to:

a) prevent high circulating currents.
b) prevent backlash.
c) to ensure correct voltage output to battery.
d) to prevent battery feedback to the generator.
7. If an aircraft electrical system is quoted as 24 volts DC the output of the generator is:
a) 12 volts with the generators connected in series.

b) 28 volts with the generators connected in parallel.
c) 36 volts with the generators connected in series/parallel.
d) 42 volts.
8. If a circuit is designed for 12 volts - the generator will:

a) give parallelled output only.
b) give controlled 14 volts.
c) 14 volts wild DC.
d) give controlled 12 volts.
9 The aircraft electrical generator output is controlled in flight by:
a) sensing the generator output pressure.
b) ram air.
c) a resistance in the generator output circuit.
d) the resistance of the armature circuit.
10. In a generator control circuit the strength of the magnetic field is controlled by:
a) the commutator.
b) the voltage regulator
c) the reverse current contactor.
d) the output C/B.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C C A C A C B B A B
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – ACTUATORS & MOTORS
1. Rotary actuators are used for:

a) undercarriage retraction.
b) centre of gravity assessment.
c) operation of fuel cocks.
d) movement of control surfaces.
2. Actuator normal travel is controlled by:

a) a clutch.
b) limit micro switches.
c) mechanical indicators.
d) mechanical stops.
3. AC current from an engine driven generator is converted to DC current by:

a) a commutator
b) a convertor.
c) an alternator.
d) a rotary actuator.
4. On a twin engined DC aircraft having two DC generators load sharing is achieved by:
a) equalising engine RPM'S
b) an equalising circuit to sense the difference and equalise the voltages of the two generators
c) synchronising relays and voltage coil tuners
d) an equalising circuit to sense the difference and equalise the field currents of the two generators
5. Pilots are informed of rotary actuator positions by:

a) non return valves.
b) lights or dolls eye indicators.
c) travel indicators.
d) veger counters.
6. To supply direct current from a generator giving alternating current it is normal to fit:
a) a commutator
b) a rotary inverter.
c) an alternator.
d) a static inverter.
7. Press to test lights are used:

a) to indicate to the pilot that the circuit has power and is complete.
b) to control the movement of a rotary actuator.
c) to indicate to the pilot that the circuit has operated.
d) only to indicate to the pilot that the equipment has malfunctioned.
8. A device for changing AC to DC is:

a) an inverter.
b) a rotary transformer.
c) a rectifier.
d) an alternator.
9. An inching control is used in conjunction with:
a) a linear actuator.
b) a rotary actuator.
c) a combination of linear and rotary actuator.
d) a rectifier.
10. Friction clutches are fitted to actuators for:

a) protection against mechanical overload.
b) protection against brake on loads.
c) protection against non return valve failure.
d) protection against supply failures.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B A B B A A C A A
1.6 (15-16) DC ELECTRICS AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – GENERATOR CUT-OUT
1. In an electrical circuit the reverse current cut-out relay will open:

a) when battery voltage exceeds generator voltage.
b) when circuit voltage is less than generator voltage.
c) when the main output C/B is reset.
d) when the batteries are flat.
2. A generator cut-out is provided:

a) to prevent the battery over heating.
b) to prevent the battery from being overcharged.
c) to allow the generator to be isolated in a crash.
d) to prevent discharge of the battery through the generator.
3. A generator cut-out will open when:

a) circuit loads equal the battery voltage.
b) the air temperature reaches 45'C.
c) circuit loads equal the generator voltage.
d) generator voltage falls below battery voltage.
4. A generator cut-out is fitted to prevent:

a) the battery discharging through the generator windings.
b) the generator overcharging the battery.
c) fire in the event of overloading the system.
d) out of phasing.
5. In the event of the cut-out points sticking in the closed position, the most probable results, when the
engine stopped would be:
a) gain of engine power.
b) a burnt out generator.
c) loss of residual magnetism.
d) no apparent reaction.
6. To prevent circulating currents when more than one generator is being connected to the same bus
bar:
a) reverse current relays are fitted.
b) the generators are connected in series.
c) rectifiers are fitted.
d) differential cut-outs are used.
7. A generator cut-out is fitted:

a) in series with the generator output.
b) in the diode circuit.
c) in parallel with the generator output.
d) in the field circuit.
8. On a 28 volt system with a 24 volt battery the cut-out contacts close at approximately:
a) 36 volts.
b) 24 volts.
c) 28 volts.
d) 26 volts.
9. A component whose job is similar to a generator cut out is:
a) a rectifier.
b) a converter.
c) an inverter.
d) a reverse current relay.
10. If the cut-out is open, the battery is feeding the loads which are:
a) in series with the battery.
b) in parallel with the battery.
c) in sequence with the cut-out.
d) cross coupled.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A D D A B D A D D B
1.7 (17-18) DC ELECTRICS AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
GENERATOR CIRCUIT 1
1. In a two engine aircraft with two generators, there would be:

a) one ammeter for each generator and one voltmeter switchable to indicate either generator voltage or
battery voltage.
b) one voltmeter for each generator. and one ammeter switchable to indicate either generator current or
battery current.
c) one ammeter showing the total output and one switchable voltmeter.
d) one ammeter and one voltmeter each showing the average current and voltage output.
2. A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical by:

a) electro magnetic spring action.
b) electro magnetic induction.
c) electrostatic induction.
d) electro dynamic induction.
3. In an aircraft electrical system which incorporates a voltmeter, the voltmeter indicates:

a) the flow in the electrical system before the battery cut-out contacts close.
b) the rate of flow at all times.
c) the pressure in the electrical system before and after the cut-out contacts close.
d) the flow in the electrical system after the battery cut-out contacts close.
4. If the generator warning light comes on in flight it indicates that:

a) the generator is feeding the battery bus bar.
b) the generator is not feeding the battery bus bar.
c) the battery has failed.
d) a rectifier is faulty.
5. A generator failure is usually indicated by:

a) the ammeter reading decreasing or showing a discharge and a red warning lamp lighting.
b) the voltmeter reading increasing, the ammeter reading showing discharge and a red lamp lighting.
c) the current consuming devices failing to operate.
d) the motor speed increasing.
6. A generator warning light will be illuminated:

a) when the battery voltage exceeds that of the generator and the cut-out has opened.
b) at night only.
c) when the generator is supplying current to a fully charged battery, and no electrical loads are
switched on.
d) when the battery charge current is lower than required to maintain its fully charged state.
7. If a generator fails in flight:

a) the voltmeter will read maximum.
b) the ammeter reading will decrease.
c) load sharing circuits will operate.
d) the watt metre will show a increase.
8. If one generator fails you should:

a) switch off the good generator.
b) stop and feather the engine concerned.
c) switch off the failed generator and continue normal use of the electrical system.
d) switch off the failed generator, and cut down on the electrical services being used.
9. A generator is brought 'on the line' when it is:
a) connected in series with other generators.
b) switched into the electrical circuit in parallel with the other generators.
c) connected with the ground batteries for starting.
d) connected to a phase reducer.
10. In a twin engine aircraft, fitted with two generators, if one should fail:
a) the failed generator must be isolated.
b) cut down the air supply to reduce five risks.
c) the failed generator must be stopped.
d) both generators must be switched off.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A B C B A A B D B A
GENERATOR CIRCUIT 2
1. A generator is brought 'on line' via the battery cut-out by an increase in:
a) the battery voltage.
b) the radio by pass switch.
c) the generator voltage.
d) the generator field voltage.
2. Generator failure is indicted by:

a) load sharing circuits connecting.
b) a decrease or discharge in ammeter readings and generator warning light on.
c) an increase in voltmeter readings, a discharge in ammeter reading and generator warning light on.
d) failure of electrically driven instruments.
3. In a twin engine aircraft, with a generator fitted to both engines, the starboard generator fails. Will:
a) the starboard engine cut.
b) the port engine cut.
c) both engines run normally.
d) the engine with the failed generator will automatically feather.
4. Loads on a bus bar are:

a) in series with the generator so that the voltage can be reduced.
b) in parallel so the voltage can be varied.
c) in parallel so the current can be reduced.
d) determined by the cross sectional area of the lead cable.
5. When the battery master switch is switched off in flight:

a) the generators are disconnected from the bus bar.
b) the battery is isolated from the bus bar.
c) the battery is discharged through the bonding circuit diodes. d) the battery may overheat.
6. A generator is taken'off line by:

a) the battery switch.
b) operation of the field switch.
c) opening of the cut-out.
d) removing of all loads.
7. If the ammeter reads plus 5 amp after engine shut down:

a) some switches have been left 'on'.
b) the battery is charging.
c) the generator field switch is 'on'.
d) the ammeter is defective.
8. If the ammeter shows 'no' charge, yet the battery remains charged. Would you look for:
a) loose battery connections.
b) defective voltage regulator.
c) defective C/B.
d) defective ammeter.
9. A field switch in the generator circuit is:

a) kept in the 'on' position.
b) connected in the armature circuit.
c) to 'shut off the generator field.
d) to disconnect the battery.
10. During flight a malfunction of the generator cut-out would be indicated by:
a) overheating of the battery.
b) the ammeter.
c) lights going out.
d) the current limiter.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B C C B C D D C B
DISTRIBUTON
1. A short circuit in a 'single pole' electrical circuit would be caused:

a) by a broken conductor between the source of supply and an item of equipment.
b) by an open circuit between loads in parallel.
c) when wiring between the source of supply and an item of equipment goes down to earth.
d) by an open circuit between an item of equipment and earth.
2. In a'2 pole' electrical circuit, a short of the conductors would result in:
a) an item of equipment operating automatically without switches.
b) the component not working.
c) an increase in voltage.
d) an item of equipment burning out because of a large current flow.
3. The indicating range of an ammeter can be increased by fitting;

a) A shunt fitted in parallel with the instrument.
b) A shunt fitted in parallel with the load
c) A shunt fitted in series with the instrument
d) A multiplier fitted in parallel with the instrument
4. An electrical system which uses the aircraft structure as a return path for current, is known as:
a) a diode pole circuit.
b) an earth return circuit.
c) a single phase circuit.
d) a dipole circuit.
5. On a single pole circuit, if the positive conductor is shorted to the aircraft structure:
a) the electrical component will operate.
b) the fuse will blow.
c) the circuit will be under loaded.
d) the load will only operate at half speed.
6. In a double pole circuit:

a) the systems polarity will change.
b) the current is supplied by one wire and the current is returned through the aircraft bonding system.
c) the current passes out through one wire and is returned through a second wire.
d) the current passes out through one wire and is returned via the aircraft's immune circuit.
7. In a earth return circuit if the conductor is open circuited:

a) the fuse will blow.
b) the bus bars will overheat.
c) the load will not operate.
d) the generator will burn out.
8. A `hot bus' is
a) the bus bar always connected to the battery
b) the bus bar that supplies the galley power
c) the bus bar that supplies the essential loads
d) the bus bar that supplies the nom-essential loads
9. The earth return system of aircraft wiring is that:
a) one lead from the battery and one lead from the component is connected to the aircraft structure.
b) one lead from the battery is earthed and both leads of the components are earthed.
c) the negative sides of the system are connected direct to the positive side of the battery.
d) rectifiers are cross connected.
10. A dipole circuit is one where:

a) diode valves are used.
b) three conductors are used.
c) the aircraft structure is used for the earth return.
d) two conductor wires are used
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B A B B C C A A D
1.8 (03-04) DC ELECTRICS BOARDING-SCREENING
ELECTRICS
1. Why are static wick dischargers fitted to aircraft:

a) to smooth the generator output.
b) to prevent tyres bursting on landing.
c) to minimise radio interference.
d) to act as an earth return in a single pole electrical system.
2. Bonding is used to protect the aircraft against fire from arcing of static electricity by:
a) providing an earth return.
b) shortening the negative strips.
c) maintaining different electrical potential throughout the structure.
d) ensuring the same electrical potential of all metal components.
3. Static electricity constitutes a fire hazard because:

a) metal components become very hot and ignite inflammable gases and materials.
b) sparks occur due to differences of potential and could ignite inflammable gases and materials.
c) of colour charged electrons.
d) aircraft tyres become heavily charged and may burst on landing.
4. Static electrical charges and currents in an aircraft structure are evened out by:
a) hardening
b) screening
c) bonding
d) anodizing
5. The electrical components of aircraft systems are screened to:

a) bond the circuit to reduce risk of fire.
b) prevent them discharging.
c) prevent short circuits in radio equipment.
d) prevent them interfering with the function of radio equipment.
6. Bonding is a method of:

a) heat screening.
b) providing a positive reaction.
c) ensuring that the different parts of the aircraft are maintained at a different potential.
d) ensuring that the different parts of the aircraft are maintained at the same potential.
7. When refuelling an aircraft:

a) the refuelling nozzle must be bonded to the fuel tank.
b) the bonding plug must be connected to the earth terminal.
c) the continuity between nozzle and hose must be infinity.
d) only use plastic nozzles.
8. The purpose of electrical bonding on an aircraft is:

a) to prevent compass malfunctioning and accumulation of local static charges.
b) to reduce the anodising effect.
c) to isolate all components electrically and therefore make static potential constant.
d) to provide a low resistance path for earth return circuits and safely dissipate local static charges and
lightning strikes.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ans C D B C D D A D
1.9 (01-03) DC ELECTRICS SPECIMEN QUESTIONS
DC ELECTRICS NO. 1
1. Spare fuses are carried:

a) at the operators's discretion.
b) for generators only.
c) by law with a stated minimum number required.
d) by the first officer.
2. When selecting a fuse for a circuit the governing factor is:

a) the voltage of the circuit.
b) the fuse length and diameter.
c) the resistance of the circuit.
d) the power requirement of the circuit.
3. Differential cut-outs close when a differential voltage exists between the:

a) generator bus and battery bus-bar.
b) generator bus-bar and earth.
c) batteries.
d) battery bus-bar and earth.
4. Circulating current is the term used to describe:

a) back EMF.
b) current necessary to excite the generator.
c) current passing between two paralleled generators of differing voltage.
d) current passing between AC and DC systems.
5. A megohm is:
a) 10 000 ohms
b) 1000 ohms
c) 1 000 000 ohms
d) 1 000 000 000 ohms
6. Load shedding is:
a) transferring the loads between generators.
b) reducing the load voltage.
c) overall reduction of electrical load on the system.
d) overall reduction of generator voltages.
7. the formula for calculating power is
a) V 2 or I2xR or Ix V R
b) V 2 or I x R or I x V R
c) V or I 2 x R o r I2 x V R2
d) V or I x R2 or I x V R2
8. When a generator is on line and its associated ammeter reads 10 amps, this is an indication of:
a) BTB's being energised.
b) battery charge rate.
c) battery discharge rate.
d) generator load.
9. Assuming a 5 amp circuit has failed during flight and investigation has shown that the fuse is open
circuit, the action to be taken is to:
a) to switch the circuit off immediately.
b) switch off replace the fuse with another of the correct rating for the circuit and repeat this action as
often as necessary.
c) leave the switch on, replace the failed fuse with one of increased rating.
d) switch off, replace the failed fuse with one of the correct rating once only.
10. If the voltage in a circuit is doubled the current will:
a) double
b) increase only if the battery is in circuit.
c) remain the same.
d) decrease.
11. A simple electrical circuit has a current flow of 4 amperes and its resistance is 5 ohms. How much power
(watts) is used:
a) 20 watts
b) 45 watts
c) 80 watts
d) 100 watts
12. A lead acid battery voltage should be checked:

a) on open circuit with a voltmeter.
b) on load with a voltmeter.
a) c)on no load with a voltmeter.
c) only if a fault is suspected.
13. Connecting two batteries in series will:

a) increase the voltage and capacity.
b) have no effect.
c) decrease the voltage and the capacity.
d) increase the voltage, the capacity will remain the same.
14. An aircraft has a battery with a capacity of 60 A/H. Assuming that it will provide its nominal capacity and is
discharged at the 10 hour rate:
a) it will pass 60 amperes for 10 hurs.
b) it will pass 10 amperes for 6 hours.
c) it will pass 6 amperes for 10 hours.
d) it will pass 60 amperes for 1 hour.
15. A NICAD battery shows a high temperature after engine start, this could be an indication of:
a) thermal runaway.
b) it is not connected to the battery bus-bar.
c) normal temperature during charging.
d) depends upon the outside air temperature.
16. When generators are connected in parallel their output voltage must be:
a) divided by the circuit resistance.
b) the same.
c) added together.
d) controlled by one generator.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C D A C C C A D D A
Q 11 12 13 14 15 16
Ans C B D C A B
1.9 (04-06) DC ELECTRICS SPECIMEN QUESTIONS
DC ELECTRICS NO. 2
DC ELECTRICS GENERAL NO. 2
1. In a direct current generating system the voltage regulator controls the system voltage within prescribed limits:
a) regardless of varying engine RPM and electrical load by inserting a variable resistance in the generator
field winding.
b) by means of a relay which closes contacts in the output circuit when a prescribed voltage is reached.
c) of the generator rotor speed.
d) by a variable resistance which limits the voltage given by the battery.
2. A generator or battery cut-out is fitted:

a) to isolate the battery on touch down.
b) to prevent the battery from being overcharged.
c) to allow the generator to be isolated in a crash.
d) to prevent the battery feeding back into the generator when its voltage is above the generator voltage.
3. A generator or battery cut-out contacts will close:

a) with an increase in battery voltage.
b) with an increase in generator voltage.
c) at flight idle only.
d) with an increase in generator current.
4. Failure of an aircraft generator is indicated by:

a) a red warning light lighting and the ammeter showing zero or discharge.
b) a red warning light going out and the ammeter showing a discharge.
a) c)a current limiter tripping.
c) a circuit fuse blowing.
5. On a twin engined aircraft with a generator fitted to each engine, if the starboard generator fails, will:
a) the fuel crossfeed cocks close.
b) the starboard engine cut (stop).
c) the port engine will cut.
d) both engines will run normally.
6. On an earth return aircraft wiring circuit:

a) the negative pole is connected to the aircraft structure.
b) the positive pole is connected to the aircraft structure.
c) the negative pole is connected to the positive pole.
d) two fused are needed.
7. In a dipole aircraft wiring circuit if the conductors are bridged:

a) an item of electrical equipment would be burned out.
b) no immediate action is necessary.
c) the item of electrical equipment would operate normally.
d) the fuse or circuit breaker in that circuit will blow.
8. A circuit breaker that has tripped due to overload:

a) cannot be reset unless the circuit has returned to normal.
b) will not be able to be reset in the air.
c) will reset itself when the circuit returns to normal.
d) must be replaced.
9. When changing a blown fuse:
a) it is changed with one of a lower rating.
b) the press to reset button is operated.
c) leave circuit switched on.
d) it is changed with one of the correct rating.
10. As the speed of an electric motor increases the back EMF will:
a) remain the same.
b) fluctuate.
c) increase.
d) decrease.
11. The output of a shunt wound generator:

a) will rise gradually as load is applied.
b) will remain constant as load is applied.
c) will vary with generator speed.
d) will fall gradually as load is applied.
12. Load shedding is:

a) increasing circuit resistance.
b) transferring the loads between generators.
c) reducing the load voltage.
d) overall reductions of the loads on the system.
13. An inertia switch on an aircraft will operate:

a) when selected by the pilot or flight engineer.
b) automatically in flight.
c) during an emergency or crash landing.
d) in flight only.
14. The purpose of electrical bonding on aircraft is:

a) to directly earth the positive lead.
b) to prevent compass malfunctioning and to gather local static charges.
c) to isolate all components electrically and therefore make the static potential constant.
d) to provide a low resistance path for earth return circuits and safely dissipate local static charges and
lightning strikes.
15. Electrical components of aircraft systems are screened to:

a) bond the circuit to reduce risk of fire.
b) prevent them interfering with the function of radio equipment.
c) prevent short circuits interfering with aircraft equipment.
d) prevent engine malfunctions.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A D B A D A D A D C
Q 11 12 13 14 15
Ans D D C D B
2.5 (07-08) AC ELECTRICS
AC ELECTRICS 1
1. The impedance of a circuit :

a) is the AC inductive load.
b) is the DC inductive load.
c) is the total resistance in an AC circuit.
d) is the highest resistance of a rectifier.
2. The ratio of true power to apparent power is known as :

a) Ohms.
b) the power factor.
c) kVAs.
d) the r.m.s. value.
3. In a constant frequency AC supply system, the frequency is determined by :

a) the generator drive speed and the number of poles.
b) engine drive speed and the power factor.
c) the capacitive reactance.
d) the impedance.
4. The amount of electrical power output for a given generator weight is :

a) dependent on the aircrafts power requirements.
b) greater for a DC generator.
c) greater for an AC generator.
d) determined by the size of the aircraft.
5. The frequency of a supply is quoted in :

a) cycles or Hertz.
b) watts.
c) megacycles.
d) cycles / minute.
6. Instrument transformers normally :

a) convert 14 volts DC to 26 volts AC
b) reduce the A.C supply to 26 volts for some instruments.
c) change 115 volts to 200 volts for engine instruments.
d) convert 28 volts DC to 28 volts AC
7. One advantage that AC has over DC is :
a) that T.R.U.s are not required.
b) that the generators require less cooling.
c) that the cables require less insulation.
d) the ease with which the voltage can be stepped up or down with almost 100% efficiency.
8. The voltage output of an AC generator will rise to a maximum value :

a) in one direction, fall to zero and rise in the same direction.
b) in one direction and remain there.
c) in one direction, fall to zero and rise to a maximum value in the opposite direction.
d) in one direction only.
9. If the frequency in a circuit is less than it was designed for, then current consumption will :
a) decrease.
b) remain the same
c) fluctuate
d) increase.
10. In a capacitive circuit, if the frequency increases :
a) current decreases.
b) current increases.
c) current flow is unaffected by frequency change.
d) the voltage fluctuates.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B A C A B D C D B
AC ELECTRICS 2
1. An auto-transformer:
a) varies its turns ratio automatically to maintain a constant output voltage with varying input
voltage.
b) has only one coil which is used as both primary and secondary.
c) will maintain a constant output frequency with a varying supply frequency.
d) requires an inductive supply.
2. The line voltage of a typical aircraft constant frequency paralleled AC system is :

a) 115
b) 208
c) 200
d) 400
3. A 400 Hz supply has :

a) an output capacity of 400,000 watts.
b) an impedance of 400 ohms.
c) a frequency of 400 cycles per second.
d) a frequency of 400 cycles per minute.
4. In an AC circuit which is mainly inductive :

a) current will lead voltage.
b) current and voltage will be in phase.
c) current will lag voltage.
d) the power factor will be negative.
5. If the frequency is increased in an inductive circuit :

a) impedance will increase.
b) impedance will decrease.
c) impedance will remain constant.
d) the heating effect will increase.
7. The moving part of an alternator is :

a) the rotor.
b) the megacycle.
c) the stator.
d) the frequency.
8. The power factor is :

a) kVA kW
b) kW kVAR
c) kW kVA
d) kVAR kW
9. When reactance is present in a circuit :

a) the power factor will be unity.
b) the power factor will be negative.
c) the power factor will be greater than unity.
d) the power factor will be less than one.
10. Generator output frequency is decreased by decreasing the :
a) generator field rotation speed.
b) generator field voltage.
c) generator field current.
d) generator field impedance.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B C C C A D B A D B
AC ELECTRICS 3
1. kVAR is a measure of :
a) the resistive load on the alternator.
b) the reactive load on the alternator.
c) the total load on the alternator.
d) the total circuit impedance.
2. In a Star wound three phase system: -

a) line voltage equals phase voltage and line current equals .707 times phase current.
b) line current and voltage are 1.73 times phase current and voltage.
c) line current equals phase current and line voltage equals .707 times phase voltage.
d) line current equals phase current and line voltage equals 1.73 times phase voltage.
3. Instruments measuring AC are calibrated in :

a) r.m.s. values.
b) average values.
c) peak values.
d) mean values.
4. The output of an AC generator is taken from :

a) the exciter windings.
b) the field coils.
c) the stator windings.
d) the rotor coils.
5. Impedance is the :
a) vector sum of the resistance and the reactance.
b) sum of the resistance and capacitive reactance.
c) sum of the capacitive reactance and the inductive reactance.
d) sum of the resistance, inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance.
6. If an alternator is run at below normal frequency, then :

a) electric motors will stop.
b) inductive devices will overheat.
c) lights will become dim.
d) lights will become brighter.
7. The moving part of an alternator is :

a) the rotor.
b) the megacycle.
c) the stator.
d) the frequency.

a) kVA kW
b) kW kVAR
c) kW kVA
d) kVAR kW
9. When reactance is present in a circuit :

a) the power factor will be unity.
b) the power factor will be negative.
c) the power factor will be greater than unity.
d) the power factor will be less than one.
10. Generator output frequency is decreased by decreasing the :
a) generator field rotation speed.
b) generator field voltage.
c) generator field current.
d) generator field impedance.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D A C A B A C D A
AC ELECTRICS 4
1. A step-up transformer is one in which the number of turns on the secondary winding is :
a) the same as the primary if the cable diameter is the same.
b) greater than that on the primary.
c) less than on the primary.
d) always the same as on the primary.
2. The r.m.s. value of AC is :

a) 1.73 times the peak value.
b) the peak value times the power factor.
c) the peak value which would provide the same heating effect as DC
d) the value of DC which would provide the same heating effect.
3. In a reactive circuit :
a) the voltage and current will be out of phase.
b) the voltage and current will be in phase opposition.
c) the voltage will always be led by the current.
d) the voltage and current will be in phase.
4. A transformer which halves the voltage will have :

a) twice as many turns on the secondary as on the primary.
b) half as many turns on the secondary as on the primary.
c) half as much current flowing in the secondary as in the primary.
d) four times as many turns on the secondary as on the primary.
5. The power output of a transformer is :

a) in proportion to the transformation ratio.
b) in inverse proportion to the transformation ratio.
c) the same as the power input.
d) increased in a step up transformer.
6. A capacitor consists of two metal plates :

a) separated by a diabetic.
b) which have current flowing between them.
c) which will not allow a potential difference between them.
d) separated by waxed paper or mica.
7. In a DC circuit, an inductance :
a) never has any effect on the voltage.
b) only affects the voltage upon switching on.
c) offers opposition to the flow while switching on and off.
d) will always increase the voltage.
8. The basic unit of inductance is :

a) the Henry.
b) the Ohm.
c) the Farad.
d) the Coulomb.
9. With no load across the output terminals of a transformer :

a) the current flow will be maximum.
b) the current flow will be negligible.
c) the current will be in phase with the voltage.
d) the voltage in the primary will be always greater than the secondary.
10. A Bridge Rectifier :
a) will allow full wave rectification.
b) will give half wave rectification.
c) has a high resistance in both directions.
d) has an output with every other half wave chopped off.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D A B C D C A B A
AC ELECTRICS 5
1. A frequency wild alternator must be :

a) paralleled.
b) a rotating magnet type.
c) self exciting.
d) unparalleled.
2. In a 3 phase AC generator circuit, the phase voltage is :

a) greater than line voltage.
b) 10% higher than line voltage.
c) less than line voltage.
d) equal to line voltage.
3. If the voltage induced in the secondary windings is greater than that in the primary then the
transformer is :
a) an autotransformer.
b) a step up.
c) a step down.
d) a magnetic amplifier.
4. If an alternator output is frequency wild, it would normally be used for :

a) flight instruments.
b) charging a battery.
c) all AC equipment.
d) prop and engine de-icing systems.
5. The generator output voltage is increased by :

a) putting more load on it.
b) the frequency controller.
c) decreasing the generator field voltage.
d) increasing the generator field current.
6. A constant frequency AC supply in an aircraft with only frequency wild generators is provided by:
a) an inverter.
b) a diode.
c) an auto-transformer.
d) a rectifier.
7. An alternator normally used to supply an aircrafts power system would be :

a) single phase.
b) three phase.
c) two phase.
d) frequency wild.
8. A permanent magnet in a rotating field generator :

a) provides for initial excitation of the field.
b) controls the amount of excitation in the stator windings.
c) provides the initial excitation in the voltage regulator.
d) can be flashed by the application of alternating current.
9 Voltage control of an alternator output is achieved by varying the :
a) excitation of the rotating commutator.
b) load current.
c) excitation of the rotating field.
d) power factor.
10. Frequency wild AC is produced when: -

a) a transformer winding open circuits.
b) the voltage regulator is malfunctioning.
c) the rotational speed of the generator varies.
d) the alternator becomes angry.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans D C B D D A B A C C
AC ELECTRICS 6
1. In a star connected supply system :
a) line and phase current are equal.
b) line current is greater than phase current.
c) line current is less than phase current.
d) phase current is 0.707 times line current.
2. In a 3 phase supply system, line voltage would be sensed between the :

a) phases only.
b) phase and earth.
c) phase and neutral.
d) phases and earth.
3. In an inductive circuit :
a) current leads the voltage.
b) current lags the voltage.
c) the voltage is in phase with the current.
d) only the r.m.s. values vary.
4. In a capacitive circuit, if the frequency increases then :

a) current flow is unaffected.
b) the voltage varies.
c) current flow decreases.
d) current flow increases.

a) WATTFUL POWER REAL POWER
b) RATED POWER APPARENT POWER
c) APPARENT POWER TRUE POWER
d) REAL POWER APPARENT POWER
6. One advantage of three phase generation over single phase generation is that:
a) most aircraft services require a three phase supply.
b) it can be more easily transformed into DC
c) it gives more compact generators and allows lower cable weights.
d) the power factor is much lower.
7. In a typical aircraft constant frequency supply system, the phase voltage is :

a) 200.
b) 115.
c) 208.
d) 400.
8. An alternator with its output taken from its stationary armature, has :
a) a stationary field.
b) its field excitation fed directly to the armature.
c) AC excitation.
d) a rotating field.
9. The phase voltage in a star wound three phase system is measured between :
a) phase and neutral.
b) two phases.
c) two lines.
d) neutral and earth.
10. If one phase of a star wound three phase system becomes earthed, it will :
a) earth all three phases.
b) cause a large current to flow in the neutral.
c) have no effect on the other phases.
d) cause a reduction in the frequency of the supply.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A A B D D C B D A B
AC ELECTRICS 7
1. The output of the bridge rectifier mounted between the main generator and the excitation generator
in a brushless self excited alternator is :
a) DC for the excitation of the exciter field.
b) AC for the excitation of the main field.
c) AC for the excitation of the exciter field.
d) DC for the excitation of the main field.
2. The alternators fitted in an aircrafts main power supply system would normally be :
a) brushed self excited machines.
b) frequency wild.
c) self excited.
d) externally excited.
3. Transferring electrical energy by means of a magnetic field is called :

a) electrostatic induction.
b) electromolecular induction.
c) electromagnetic induction.
d) electromolecular amplification.
4. A voltage regulator works by: -

a) sensing the battery voltage.
b) assessing the impedance of the circuit.
c) varying the circuit voltage.
d) varying the rotating field strength.
5. To ensure correct load sharing on paralleled alternators :

a) both real and reactive loads should be balanced.
b) actual loads should be the same.
c) reactive loads should be the same.
d) the load impedance should be constant.
6. The running excitation current for an alternator is :

a) AC
b) DC from the aircraft batteries.
c) DC from the static inverter.
d) DC which is rectified AC and could be from a separate excitation generator on the main rotor
shaft.
7. If each phase of a three phase star wound system has a phase voltage of 115 volts, the voltage
obtained by bridging two phase would be :
a) 200 volts AC
b) 173 volts DC
c) 28 volts DC
d) 173 volts AC
8. Protection from 'earth' faults and 'line to line' faults is given by :

a) a negative earth detector.
b) a fault protection system including a differential protection monitor.
c) the synchronisation unit.
d) reactive load sharing circuits.
9. Warnings of C.S.D.U. oil overheat are given in the cockpit by:
a) audio warning.
b) an 'oil overheat' warning light.
c) a 'low oil pressure' warning light.
d) a temperature gauge.
10. One disadvantage of parallel operation is that :

a) faults can propagate, and any error in supply can affect all services.
b) the system is less flexible due to the need for additional control and protection circuits.
c) the greater load on the C.S.D.U.s means that their power/ weight ratio is much reduced.
d) there is a considerable increase in complexity compared with a non-paralleled system, due to
the need for C.S.D.U.s and load sharing circuits.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans D C C D A C A C A B
AC ELECTRICS 8
1. For a modern aircraft powered by an AC system, the ground power unit must supply :
a) 28 volts AC only.
b) 200 volts.
c) 115 volts, three phase.
d) 200 volts, three phase, 400 Hz.
2. Oil for the operation of a C.S.D.U. is :

a) supplied from the engine oil system.
b) a separate self contained supply.
c) drawn from a common tank for all C.S.D.U.s.
d) only required for lubrication purposes.
3. Malfunction of a C.S.D.U. requires :

a) automatic electrical disconnection of the drive at any time in flight.
b) that the input drive will shear on the ground only.
c) operation of the drive disconnect switch at any time in flight.
d) operation of the drive disconnect switch on the ground only.
4. Before two constant frequency AC generators can be connected in parallel :

a) their frequency, phase, phase sequence and voltage must match, and a means of automatic real
and reactive load sharing must be available.
b) real and reactive loads must match. Frequency, phase and voltage must be within limits.
c) the synchronisation lights on the alternator control panel must be fully bright.
d) suitable control arrangements must exist for the sharing of real and reactive loads. these will
correct any phase or frequency error existing at the time of connection.
5. The generator control relay (G.C.R) is :

a) in the excitation circuit.
b) between the alternator and its load bus bar.
c) in the stator circuit.
d) between the load bus bar and the synchronous bus bar.
6. The running excitation current for an alternator is :

a) AC
b) DC from the aircraft batteries.
c) DC from the static inverter.
d) DC which is rectified AC and could be from a separate excitation generator on the main rotor
shaft.
7. If each phase of a three phase star wound system has a phase voltage of 115 volts, the voltage
obtained by bridging two phase would be :
a) 200 volts AC
b) 173 volts DC
c) 28 volts DC
d) 173 volts AC
8. Protection from 'earth' faults and 'line to line' faults is given by :

a) a negative earth detector.
b) a fault protection system including a differential protection monitor.
c) the synchronisation unit.
d) reactive load sharing circuits.
9. Warnings of C.S.D.U. oil overheat are given in the cockpit by:
a) audio warning.
b) an 'oil overheat' warning light.
c) a 'low oil pressure' warning light.
d) a temperature gauge.
10. One disadvantage of parallel operation is that :

a) faults can propagate, and any error in supply can affect all services.
b) the system is less flexible due to the need for additional control and protection circuits.
c) the greater load on the C.S.D.U.s means that their power / weight ratio is much reduced.
d) there is a considerable increase in complexity compared with a non-paralleled system, due to the
need for C.S.D.U.s and load sharing circuits.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans D B C A A D A B D D
AC ELECTRICS 9
1. Alternators in parallel operation require the maintenance of constant frequency and phase
synchronisation to :
a) balance the battery voltage when more than one battery is being used.
b) prevent recirculating currents.
c) control their voltage.
d) reduce their magnetic fields.
2. The A.P.U. generator can only be used when: -

a) another generator is on line.
b) the aircraft is on the ground.
c) the bus bars are being fed from another source.
d) when no other power source is feeding the bus bar.
3. The purpose of the differential protection circuit in a three phase AC system is :

a) to compare alternator output current to bus bar current.
b) to compare on and off load currents.
c) to compare the alternators reactive load to its real load.
d) to compare the C.S.D.U. efficiency ratings.
4. An alternator driven by a C.S.D.U :

a) can never be paralleled.
b) will require a voltage controller.
c) will require a lubrication system separated from its drive oil system.
d) will not require a voltage controller.
5. The purpose of a synchronising bus bar is to :

a) enable interconnections to be made between generator bus bars.
b) supply essential services.
c) monitor on-load currents.
d) interconnect DC bus bars.
6. In the event of a mechanical malfunction of the alternator :

a) the drive disconnect unit will automatically separate the C.S.D.U. from the alternator.
b) the real load will be adjusted to compensate.
c) the quill drive will fracture.
d) the C.S.D.U. oil temperature will decrease.
7. The load meter, upon selection to "kVAR" would indicate :

a) total power available.
b) reactive loads.
c) active loads.
d) only DC resistive loads.
8. Disconnection of the C.S.D.U. in flight would be advisable if :

a) the frequency meter indicated a discrepancy of greater than 5 Hz between alternators.
b) there was an over or under voltage.
c) the oil temperature was high or the oil pressure was low.
d) the engine failed.
9. To increase the real load taken by a paralleled AC generator, the :

a) generator drive torque is increased.
b) generator excitation is increased.
c) generator drive torque and field excitation are increased.
d) generator voltage regulator adjusts the generator rotor torque.
10. Load sharing circuits are necessary whenever:
a) generators are operating in series.
b) generators are operating independently.
c) the ground power and the A.P.U. are serving the bus bars together.
d) generators are operating in parallel.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D A B A C B C A D
AC ELECTRICS 10
1. Paralleled alternators will have :

a) one load meter which measures total system load.
b) one voltmeter for each alternator.
c) one load meter for each alternator.
d) one meter which indicates both voltage and frequency.
2. Frequency controlled generators are :

a) always paralleled.
b) not always paralleled.
c) never paralleled.
d) paralleled only when the DC is paralleled.
3. If the C.S.D.U. drive disconnect unit had been used, the drive can :
a) only be reconnected when the aircraft is on the ground.
b) be reinstated in flight from the electrical supply department.
c) be reinstated in flight from the flight deck.
d) be reinstated when necessary by using the Ram Air Turbine.
4. When selected to 'kW', the alternator load meter will indicate the:
a) total circuit load.
b) real load.
c) reactive load.
d) current flowing in the field.
5. An AC generator's I.D.U. oil system:

a) is self contained.
b) is common with the engine oil system.
c) is used only for cooling.
d) is used only for lubrication.
6. An alternator driven by a non-integrated constant speed drive unit, has windings that are cooled by :
a) water.
b) oil.
c) oil and water.
d) air and/or oil.
7 The load in a paralleled AC system is measured in :

a) kW & kVA.
b) kW & kV.
c) kV & kVAR.
d) kW & kVAR.
8. Paralleled generators must share real and reactive loads :

a) to prevent large current flows through the T.R.U.s.
b) to prevent out of balance forces being fed through the C.S.D.U.s to the engines.
c) to prevent large flows of current from one generator to another.
d) to prevent harmonic frequencies being created in the synchronous bus bars.
9. One advantage of running alternators in parallel is that :
a) the supply to all circuits is in phase.
b) a large capacity is available to absorb heavy transient loads when switching of heavy currents
occurs.
c) the risk of overloading the system is reduced.
d) there is only a requirement for one C.S.D.U.
10. When an external AC supply is feeding the bus bars :

a) the internal bus bars are disconnected.
b) the aircraft generators are run in parallel with the external supply.
c) the aircraft generators are taken off line.
d) the synchronising unit will ensure that no frequency difference exists between the aircraft
generators and the external supply.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans C B A B A D D C B C
AC ELECTRICS 11
1. The output of an alternator is rated in :

a) kVA.
b) WAR.
c) kW.
d) kw/kVAR.
2. A three phase AC system can be used to supply :

a) both one or three phase equipment.
b) only three phase equipment.
c) only single phase equipment.
d) only inductive or capacitive loads.
3. In a frequency wild generation system :

a) generators can be run in parallel only when all engine r.p.m.s match.
b) generators can never be run in parallel and there can be no duplication of supply.
c) generators can never be run in parallel, but after rectification, the D,C, can be fed to a common
bus bar to provide a redundancy of supply.
d) capacitive and inductive loads can be fed with no problems of overheating.
4. A fault on one phase of a three phase AC star connected system would :

a) have no effect.
b) effect only the phase concerned.
c) cause inductive loads to overheat.
d) affect all three phases.
5. Fuses and circuit breakers are fitted :

a) in DC circuits only.
b) in both AC and DC circuits.
c) in AC circuits only.
d) only to protect the wiring.
6. The purpose of an inverter is :

a) to change AC into DC
b) to change the frequency of the AC supply.
c) to act as a back up for the alternator.
d) to change DC into AC
7. A low reactive load on one generator is compensated for by :

a) altering the excitation current flowing in its field circuit.
b) increasing the rotor speed.
c) increasing the real load on the other generators.
d) overall load reduction.
8. In the event of a mechanical failure occurring in the generator, the C.S.D.U. is protected by :
a) a hydraulic clutch.
b) a universal joint.
c) a quill drive.
d) a feather drive.
9. To increase the real load which is being taken by a paralleled alternator:
a) the voltage regulator adjusts the generator rotor torque.
b) both its drive torque and its excitation are increased.
c) only its excitation is increased.
d) its drive torque is increased.
10. Where the aircraft's main electrical supply is A.C, DC requirements are met by:
a) batteries.
b) T.R.U.s.
c) inverters.
d) a static inverter.
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A A C D B D A C D B
AC ELECTRICS 12
1. In a split bus system using non-paralleled constant frequency alternators as the primary power source :
a) essential AC loads are supplied directly from N° 1 AC bus bar.
b) essential AC loads are supplied directly from N° 2 AC bus bar.
c) only non-essential AC loads are supplied from the AC bus bars.
d) essential AC loads are normally supplied from N° 1 AC bus bar via the changeover relay.
2. In a split bus system using non-paralleled constant frequency alternators as the primary power source, if
both alternators fail :
a) all non-essential services are lost.
b) all non- essential services will be supplied direct from the battery bus bar.
c) all non-essential services will be supplied from the static inverter.
d) essential DC consumers only will be supplied from the N°1 T.R.U., all other DC services will be
lost.
3. In normal operation, the split bus bar AC system takes its DC supply from :
a) two T.R.U.s which are always isolated.
b) a battery which is supplied from N° 1 T.R.U. only.
c) two T.R.U.s which are connected together by the isolation relay.
d) the static inverter.
Ans. C
4. The static inverter in the split bus system supplies :

a) the essential DC consumers.
b) the essential AC consumers.
c) both essential and non-essential consumers.
d) the batteries.
Ans. B
5. In the split bus system, the AC bus bars :

a) are automatically connected via the isolation relay if one alternator fails.
b) are automatically connected via the bus tie breaker if one alternator fails.
c) can be connected together by switch selection if one alternator fails.
d) can never be connected together because there is no load sharing circuit.
Ans. B
6. With parallel generator operation :

a) there are two synchronising bus bars which are normally kept isolated.
b) the G.C.B.s connect the generators to the synchronising bus bar.
c) the B.T.B.s connect the synchronising bus bars together.
d) the G.C.R.s connect the generators to their load bus bars.
Ans. A
7. In a parallel alternator operation, should one alternator fail, then :

a) the other alternators can be selected to supply its load.
b) the failed alternators loads will not be supplied.
c) the G.C.B. of the failed alternator will remain closed to allow its loads to be supplied by the
remaining alternators.
d) the S.S.B. will close allowing the three remaining alternators to share all of the load.
Ans. D
8. An earth fault on a bus bar of a parallel generator system :
a) would require that the appropriate G.C.B. should open.
b) would require that the appropriate B.T.B. should open.
c) would require that both the appropriate G.C.B. and B.T.B. should open.
d) would require that all alternators should operate independently.
Ans. C
9. To prevent high circulating currents between paralleled alternators, the following conditions should be
met :
a) their voltage and frequency must be the same.
b) their frequencies must be identical and their phase sequence must be the same.
c) their voltage, frequency, phase and phase sequence must all be the same.
d) their inductive and capacitive reactances must match exactly.
Ans. C
10. If external power is plugged into an aircraft which utilises the split bus system of power distribution,
then :
a) it will automatically parallel itself with any alternators already on line.
b) it will only supply non-essential AC consumers.
c) it will supply all the aircraft services.
d) essential AC consumers will be supplied from the static inverter.
Ans. C
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans D A C B B A D C C C
AC ELECTRICS 13
1. Synchronous motors are usually supplied by :

a) three phase AC
b) single phase AC
c) DC to the stator.
d) DC to the stator and AC to the rotor.
Ans. A
2. Reversing two phases to a three phase motor will :

a) blow the phase fuses.
b) cause the motor to run in reverse.
c) overheat the stator windings.
d) stall the motor.
Ans. B
3. A synchronous motor runs at a speed that depends upon the supply :

a) voltage.
b) current.
c) reactance.
d) frequency.
Ans. D
4. If one phase of the supply to a three phase motor fails, then :

a) the motor will continue to run at the same speed.
b) will slow down and stop.
c) will stop immediately.
d) will run at about half speed but will not start on its next selection.
Ans. D
5. The basic principle of operation of a 3 phase induction motor is :

a) A rotating field created in the rotor.
b) A rotating field created in the stator.
c) A stationary field created in the stator.
d) A stationary field created in the rotor.
Ans. B
6. In an induction motor:
a) the rotor is star connected.
b) magnetic fields blend evenly with one another.
c) AC is induced in the rotor.
d) a DC supply produces DC in the rotor.
Ans. C
7. In a synchronous motor, the rotor is :

a) energised by DC and it lines up with the magnetic field in the stator.
b) wave wound.
c) both AC and DC energised.
d) impeded by the AC induced into it.
Ans. A
8. An induction motor has :
a) slip rings and brushes.
b) a commutator.
c) no slip ring or brushes.
d) slip rings but no brushes.
Ans. C
9. A squirrel cage rotor :

a) is not connected to the supply.
b) is expensive to produce.
c) rotates at exactly synchronous speed.
d) is a closed circuit of high resistance.
Ans. A
10. A starting circuit for a powerful single phase induction motor might be :
a) a capacitance starter.
b) a resistance / inductance starter.
c) a cartridge starter.
d) a bump starter.
Ans. B
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans A B D D B C A C A B
2.6 (11-16) DC ELECTRICS BASIC COMPUTERS
SELF ASSESMENT QUESTIONS
COMPUTERS
1. A basic digital computer consists of:
1. input peripherals
2. central processing unit
3. inertial unit
4. memory
5. auto brightness control
6. output peripherals
a. 1,2,3,4 and 6
b. 1, 2, 4 and 6
c. 1, 4, 6 only
d. 2, 3, 4, and 6
2. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of

1. input device
2. output device
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
4. Shift Registers
5. Control Unit
6. Hard disk
a. 1, 2, 3, and five
b. 3, 4, and 6
c. 1, 2, 5, and 6
d. 3, 4, 5,
3. In computer terminology an input peripheral device would be:

a. a hard disk
b. a floppy disk
c. a keyboard
d. a screen display unit
4. The two types of binary logic are:

a. positive and negative
b. variable and negative
c. positive and reversible
d. variable and reversible
5. In computer terminology an output peripheral device would be:

a. a floppy disk
b. a hard disk
c. a screen display unit
d. a keyboard
6. In computer terminology a memory which loses its data when power is removed is called:
a. non-volatile
b. non-permanent
c. non-retentive
d. volatile
7. In computer terminology a memory which retains its data when power is removed is called:
a. non-volatile
b. volatile
c. RAM
d. ROM
8. Examples of input peripheral devices are:

1. mouse
2. modem
3. printer
4. screen display unit
5. keyboard
a. 2, 3, 4, 5.
b. 1, 2, 5.
c. 1,5.
d. 1, 2, 3.
9. In computer terminology "software" refers to:

a. the memory system floppy disks, hard disks, etc
b. the RAM and ROM capacity
c. the programme of instructions
d. the BIOS
10. In computer terminology "hardware" refers to:

a. the digital computer components, keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc
b. the permanent memory system and its capacity
c. the RAM capacity
d. the programme of instructions
11. Memory capacity in a digital computer is expressed in:

a. Bits (Mbits, Gbits)
b. Bytes (Mbytes, Gbytes)
c. ROM capacity
d. RAM capacity
12. The smallest information element in a digital system is:

a. byte
b. digit
c. electron
d. bit
13. A group of binary digits handled as a group is referred to as a:

a. byte
b. mega bit
c. giga bit
d. bits
14. Convert the decimal number 7 to its binary equivalent:

a. 1110
b. 111
c. 1101
d. 100
15. Convert binary 1 110 to its decimal equivalent:
a. 13
b. 14
c. 15
d. 16
16. The computer language in which calculations are carried out and information is stored in memory
is:
a. decimal
b. hexadecimal
c. octal
d. binary
17. The computer language system which uses the base 16 is known as:
a. septagesimal
b. hectadecimal
c. hexadecimal
d. octal
18. The computer language system which uses the base 8 is called:
a. decimal
b. binary
c. octal
d. hexadecimal
19. The number system which uses the numbers 0 to 9 followed by the letters A to F is:
a. alpha numeric
b. hexadecimal
c. octal
d. numeric alpha
20. In a digital computer binary 1 is represented by +5 volts and Binary 0 by earth. This is an example
of:
a. negative logic
b. bipolar logic
e. positive logic
d. analog system
21. In a negative logic system:

a. binary I is a low level, binary 0 is a high level
b. binary 1 is a high level, binary 0 is a low level
c. binary 1 is positive, binary 0 is negative
d. binary 1 and binary 0 are equal levels above and below zero
22. The permanent memory of a digital computer usually takes the form of:
a. Integrated circuits rated in megabytes
b. shift registers whose capacity is rated in mega or gigabytes
c. floppy or hard disks whose capacity is measured in mega or gigabytes
d. Central Processing Unit
23. The purpose of the Arithmetic Logic Unit within the Central Processing Unit is to:
a. act as a temporary store for information being processed
b. perform calculations in the binary number system
c. perform calculations in the binary, octal or hexadecimal system
d. perform all clock functions based on the computer clock frequency (clock time)
24. Within the Central Processing Unit, the temporary stores and accumulator which handle the data
during processing are called:
a. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
b. Shift Registers
c. Control Unit d. BIOS
25. Aircraft data in analog form, before being processed by a computer must be passed through a:
a. digital to analog converter (D to A)
b. EPROM
c. EAROM
d. analog to digital converter (A to D)
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B D C A C D A B C A
Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans B D A B B D C C B C
Q 21 22 23 24 25
Ans A C B B D
2.7 (19-22) DC ELECTRICS LOGIC GATES
SELF ASSESMENT QUESTIONS - LOGIC
1. The logic function of the circuit shown is;

a) AND
b) OR
c) NOR
d) NOT
2. The circuit shown here represents;

a) an 'AND' gate.
b) a 'NOR' gate.
c) an 'OR' gate.
d) an 'EXCLUSIVE OR' gate.
3. The diagram is the equivalent of which of the accompanying symbols;
4. The gate symbols shown are;

a) 'AND' and 'NAND'.
b) 'EXCLUSIVE OR' and 'EXCLUSIVE NOR'.
c) 'OR' and 'NOR'.
d) 'OR' and 'EXCLUSIVE OR'.
5. A gate which requires that all inputs must be HIGH to obtain an output
would be;
a) a 'NOR' gate.
b) an 'OR' gate.
c) an 'AND' gate.
d) a 'NOT' gate.
6. This diagram represents;
a) an inverter.
b) an 'AND' gate.
c) an 'EXCLUSIVE NOR' gate.
d) an 'OR' gate.
7. To obtain logic '0' at output 'Z' there must be;

a) logic ' I' at 'X' and logic '0' at 'Y'.
b) logic '0' at 'X' and logic ' I' at 'Y'.
c) logic ' I' at 'X' and logic ' l' at 'Y'.
d) logic '0' at 'X' and logic '0' at 'Y'.
8. A transistor ;
a) can only be used as an amplifier.
b) can be used as a demi-conductor to act as an automatic switch or an amplifier.
c) is an inverted silicon controlled rectifier.
d) can be used as a semi-conductor to act as an automatic switch or an amplifier.
9. A transistor ;
a) is made up of crystals in the arrangement of emitter, base and collector.
b) is made up of crystals in the arrangement of emitter, collector and base.
c) is made up of crystals in the arrangement of collector, emitter and base.
d) requires a current of ten amps through the base to transmit.
10. A gate with only one input and one output;

a) cannot be a 'double' gate.
b) is a 'NOT' gate.
c) can only be a 'semi-gate'.
d) cannot be a 'NOT' gate.
11. The two most commonly used gates are;

a) 'NOT' and 'NOR'.
b) 'OR' and 'EXCLUSIVE AND'.
c) 'AND' and 'OR'.
d) 'AND' and 'NAND'.
12. Truth tables illustrate the relationship between;

a) inputs and outputs.
b) integrated gates for trouble shooting.
c) the sequence of operation of the gates.
d) electronic and electrical circuits.
13. The output expression for this type of gate is;
a) 'AND'.
b) 'EXCLUSIVE NOR'
c) 'EXCLUSIVE OR'.
d) 'EXCLUSIVE NOT'.
14. In order to energise the relay shown in this circuit, the logic state at the inputs must be;
a) logic '0' at points 'A' and 'B'.

b) logic '0' at point 'A' and logic ' 1' at point 'B'.
c) logic '1' at points 'A' and 'B'.
d) always identical at points 'A' and 'B'.
15. The type of logic gate represented by this diagram is;

a) 'OR'
b) 'NAND'
c) 'AND'
d) 'NOT'
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans B A C A C D C D A B
Q 11 12 13 14 15
Ans C A C C D
3.1 (24-26) RADIO THEORY BASIC PRINCIPLES
(THESE ARE NOT MCQ AND FOR REVIEW ONLY)
FREQUENCY / WAVE LENGTH CONVERSION
1.43 Convert the following frequencies to wavelengths:

a) 2300khz
b) 403.5 khz
c) 71.4 khz
d) 6670 khz
e) 45 Mhz
f) 115 Mhz
g) 300 Mhz
h) 600 Mhz
i) 243 Mhz
j) 1O Ghz
Convert the following λ to frequencies and state the navigation/communication aid using the facility:
k) 3520m
l) 400m
m) 2.62m
n) 2.47m
o) 89.5 cm
p)3.41 cm
q) 28.3 cm
r) 3 km
s) 6.98 cm
t) 0.02m
1.44 DIRECT WAVE

Calculate the theoretical maximum range in nautical miles and kilometers of transmissions from a VHF station
which is at mean sea level; an aircraft is at the altitude stated in the following:
1. 2500 ft
2. 8100 ft
3. 19000 ft
4. 31000 ft
5. 64000 ft
Calculate the theoretical maximum range in nautical miles at which a VOR can be received by an aircraft:
VOR ELEVATION AIRCRAFT ELEVATION
6. 400 ft 3600 ft
7. 1600 ft 10000 ft
8. 325 ft 3600 ft
9. 1500 ft 20000 ft
10. 1370 ft 22500 ft
Calculate the theoretical minimum altitude at which an aircraft must fly in order to receive a DME transmission
using the following:
DME ELEVATION AIRCRAFT RANGE
11. MSL 75 nm
12. 900 ft 150 nm
13. 6400 ft 400 nm

Answers:
a) Frequency wavelength conversion
b) Direct Wave
RADIO PROPAGATION REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Draw a diagram to show two cycles of an electromagnetic wave and illustrate the following terms:
a) Cycle
b) Wavelength
c) Amplitude
2. What is the speed of radio waves in m/sec and nm/sec ?
3. State the formulae that are used to indicate the relationships of frequency, wavelength and speed of radio
waves.
4. Convert:
a) a wavelength of 3.2 cm to a frequency and nominate its navigation aid.
b) a frequency of 15 Ghz to a wavelength and nominate its navigation aid.
c) a wavelength of 4m to a frequency and nominate its navigation aid.
d) a frequency of 15 Mhz to a wavelength and nominate its navigation aid.
5. Nominate the navigation aid and frequency band, by name and numerical limits, for the following
frequencies:
a) 10.2 khz
b) 404.5 khz
c) 110.25 Mhz
d) 4.3 Ghz
6. Define the meaning of phase and draw a diagram which shows two radio waves of different amplitudes
135° out of phase.
7. Explain the terms "Horizontally" and " Vertically Polarised" with reference to the effecient transmission
and reception of radio waves.
8. What is the theoretical maximum range in nautical miles at which an aircraft at 10000 ft would receive a
VHF transmission from mean sea level ?
9. Explain the following terms in relation to the propagation of radio emissions

a) Attenuation
b) Refraction
c) Diffraction
10. List the factors which cause radio waves to be refracted as they enter the ionosphere.
11. With reference to HF communications make a sketch to show:

a) Skip distance
b) Dead space
c) Critical angle
d) The theoretical maximum range from a single hop
12. Why, for a given reception range, is the daytime HF frequency markedly different to the nighttime
frequency; what is the approximate relationship ?
13. State, in each of the following cases, two frequency bands in which you would expect:
a) the use of large transmitting aerials
b) considerable static interference
c) negligible static interference
d) maximum attenuation in precipitation
e) reception at ranges greater than 300 nm (exclude HF skywaves)
14. Describe the two types of " Freak Propagation".
15. With reference to MODULATION:

a) Why is it necessary to modulate a radio transmission ?
b) Name the three main methods of modulation and draw diagrams to illustrate their differences.
c) Which type of modulation is restricted to the higher frequency bands and why is this so
16. With reference to POLAR DIAGRAMS:

a) What is a Polar diagram ?
b) The simple directional LOOP polar diagram has one major disadvantage. What is this and how is it
resolved ?
REVISION QUESTION ANSWERS (P 3.1 - 29)
1.
Wavelength
2. 300 x 10' m/s and 162000 nm/sec
3. c = f λ
4. a) 9375 Mhz AWR

b) 2 cm ASMI
c) 75 Mhz Fan marker
d) 20 m HF radio
5. a) omega 3 - 30 khz
b) NDB MF band 300 Khz - 30 Mhz
c) VOR VHF 30 Mhz - 300 Mhz
d) Rad Alt SHF 3 - 30 Ghz
6. Phase is a rotational relationship (measured in degrees) between two sine waves
The reference wave always commences at the graph intercept (dotted line) and this point is 0 ° of phase rotation. The
phase points are now marked along the reference sine wave 0° 90o 180o 270o etc.
The variable sine wave passes through zero volts going positive 1350 out of phase with the reference sine wave. It
must be the same frequency, the amplitude is unimportant.
7. A horizontally polarised system uses horizontal Transmitter and Receiver antennas. The "E" waves are
horizontal and the "H" (magnetic) waves are vertical.
A vertically polarised system has vertical antennas Vertical "E" and Horizontal "H"
8. Providing no intervening high ground
R MAX (nm) = 1.25 x (√H1 (ft) + √H2 (ft))
R MAX (nm) = 1.25 x (√0 + √10,000)
R MAX (nm) = 1.25 x 100
R MAX (nm) = 1.25 nm
9. Attenuation occurs as soon as the radio waves leave the antenna, it is the process of making smaller.
Refraction occurs because of changes in velocity when a radio wave passes from one medium to another. ie. From
land to sea, or from atmosphere to ionosphere.
Diffraction is the process of bending of a radio wave to stay in contact with earth's surface. Diffraction varies
inversely with frequency.
10. Radio waves refraction in ionosphere

i) Frequency and therefore wavelength
Frequency increases, refraction decreases
Only a narrow band 2 - 25 Khz suffer the optimum refraction. Frequencies below this suffer excessive ionospheric
attenuation. Frequencies above this pass straight through the ionosphere because they are not refracted enough.
ii) Refraction varies with the state of the ionosphere - which varies
a) diurnally )
b) seasonally ) Predictable variations
c) with latitude )
d) with short term solar disturbances (SIDS)
11.
12. At night the base of the ionosphere is higher and the ionosphere is generally less strongly ionised.
Therefore night refraction occurs at a markedly higher level so the night frequency needs to be reduced to
approximately half the day frequency value. This reduces the critical angle and reduces the skip distance.
13. a) Decca Loran LF band b) LF/MF

c) VHF upwards
d) UHF/SHF/EHF (nothing currently in syllabus for EHF) e) Loran and Decca LF
14. a) Ducting at VHF and above
Dry air
Temperature inversion
VHF waves travel much further than line of sight thoeretical maximum
14. b) Sporadic "E"
Intensely ionised layer
15. a) To superimpose intelligence on a carrier frequency

b) (i) Keying
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTION PAPER

1. Phase comparison is only possible between two signals with the same:
a) Amplitude
b) Frequency
c) Amplitude and frequency
d) Plane of polarisation
2. The advantages of single sideband over double sideband communications systems are:
a) Bandwidth halved/power output many times greater
b) Bandwidth halved/signal to noise ratio greater/more power may be transmitted
c) Bandwidth reduced by 2/3 better signal to noise ratio greater
d) Bandwidth reduced by 1/3 power output reduced
3. A signal with a wavelength of 7360 metres lies in the:

a) VLF band
b) LF band
c) MF band
d) HF band
4 A frequency at with skywaves are unlikely to occur by day or night is:

a) LF
b) MF
c) HF
d) VHF
5. Which situation will give the greatest surface wave range?

Surface Frequency
a) Sea 110.0 MHZ

b) Desert 500 kHz
c) Mountains 1.5 MHz
d) Sea 500 KHz
6. A frequency which corresponds to a wavelength of 12 cm :

a) 2500 KHz
b) 360 MHz
c) 2500 MHz
d) 3600 MHz
7. A maritime reconnaissance aircraft using primary pulsed air to surface radar first detects a
large vessel on this radar at a range of 110 NM. Considering only line of sight
limitations of the system the aircraft altitude must be approximately:
a) 230 ft
b) 790 ft
c) 2300 ft
d) 7700 ft
8. The diagram below shows two radio waves with:
a) The same frequency and amplitude, one 90° out of phase
with the other
b) The same frequency, one being 270 ° out of phase with
the other and having twice its amplitude
c) Different frequencies and amplitudes, and a phase
difference of 90 0
d) The same frequency, one being 270° out of phase with
the other and having half its amplitude
9. You are heading west over the mid Atlantic at dusk. Which combination of frequencies would
be most suitable for HF communications with stations ahead and behind?
Ahead Behind
a) 9 MHz 9 MHz
b) 9 MHz 3 MHz
c) 3 MHz 9 MHz
d) 9 Khz 3 KHz
10. Coasting out over the Irish Atlantic coast at dawn, pick suitable HF frequencies for communication with
stations ahead and behind the aircraft:
Ahead Behind
a) 3 KHz 9 KHz
b) 9 MHz 3 MHz
c) 3 MHz 9 MHz
d) 9 MHz 9 MHz
11. The wavelength corresponding to a frequency of 108.95 MHz is:

a) 0.275 m
b) 275 m
c) 27.5 m
d) 2.75 m
12. A horizontally polarised wave is emitted from a................ antenna with the .........field in the
................plane and the ............... field at 90o to it. The correct line to complete the above statement is:
a) horizontal electrical vertical magnetic
b) vertical electrical vertical magnetic
c) horizontal magnetic vertical electrical
d) vertical magnetic vertical electrical
13. The optimum frequency of an HF signal is one which:

a) Puts the receiver just within the surface wave coverage
b) Puts the receiver just within the minimum skip distance
c) Puts the receiver just outside the minimum skip distance
d) Allows a skywave to return to the surface
14. As the frequency of a signal entering the ionosphere increases, the amount of refraction suffered by the
signal will:
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Increase by day, decrease by night
d) Decrease by day, increase by night
15. A transmitter polar diagram is a line joining:
a) Points bounding the limits of reception
b) Points at which the signal to noise ratio will be 3 : 1
c) Points at which the signal to noise ratio will be 5 : 1
d) Points at which the signal strength will be equal
16. As the frequency of a transmitter is increased the range of the surface wave will:
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain the same by day but increase by night
d) Increase over the sea only
17. The type of modulation described as A3E is used in:

a) ILS equipment
b) VHF communications
c) HF single side band communications
d) Doppler VOR
18. As the frequency of an HF transmission is increased the dead space will:

a) Decrease
b) Increase due only to the increase of the minimum skip distance
c) Increase due only to the decreased surface wave coverage
d) Increase due to both the increasing minimum skip distance and to decreasing surface wave range
19. Atmospheric ducting is most likely to occur close to the surface of the earth when:
a) There is a marked inversion and no change in humidity with height
b) There is a marked inversion and a marked increase in humidity with height
c) There is a marked inversion and a marked decrease in humidity with height
d) Over the sea
20. The wavelength corresponding to a frequency of 9875 MHz is:

a) 0.303 m
b) 0.303 cm
c) 3.03 cm
d) 30.3 cm
21. A radio aid has a wavelength of 31 cm. The frequency of transmission and the band in which it operates
are:
Frequency Band
a) 967.7 KHz UHF

b) 967.7 MHz UHF
c) 9.677 Ghz SHF
d) 96.77 MHz VHF
22. Study the diagram below which shows two radio signals:
The signal with the ................amplitude has a phase difference of........... from the other signal.
The line which correctly completes the above statement is:
a) Smaller 3250
b) Larger 225o
c) Smaller 045o
d) Larger 1350
23 VLF surface waves achieve a greater range than LF surface waves because:
a) VLF diffraction is greater and attenuation is less
b) VLF diffraction and attenuation are less
c) VLF diffraction is less and attenuation is greater
d) VLF diffraction and attenuation are greater
24. J3E is the emission designator for:

a) VHF comms
b) Doppler VOR
c) Decca
d) HF comms
25. The maximum theoretical range at which an aircraft at FL225 can receive signals from a VOR situated at
1600 ft AMSL is:
a) 194 NM
b) The DOC limit
c) 237.5 NM
d) 68.75 NM
26. A horizontally polarised wave is emitted from:

a) Horizontal antenna with the electrical field in the vertical plane and the magnetic field in the
horizontal plane
b) Vertical antenna with the electrical field in the vertical plane and the magnetic field in the
horizontal plane
c) Horizontal antenna rotating about a horizontal axis with magnetic and electrical fields in
alternating horizontal and vertical planes
d) Horizontal antenna with the electrical field in the horizontal plane and the magnetic field in the
vertical plane
27. As frequency increases:

a) Wavelength decreases and antenna size increases
b) Wavelength decreases and power requirements increase
c) Wavelength increases and antenna size decreases
d) Wavelength decreases and antenna size decreases
28. Loran operates at 100 KHz the wavelength and band are:
a) 3000 cm LF
b) 3000 mm VLF
c) 3 Km LF
d) 3 nm LF
29. A radio aid has a wavelength of 18.75 cm the frequency and band are:
a) 16 MHz UHF
b) 16 Ghz SHF
c) 1.6 Ghz UHF
d) 16 KHz SHF
30. Frequency modulation techniques are not used in the LF/MF/HF bands because:
a) The power requirements would be too high
b) Naturally occurring static would swamp the signal
c) The large bandwidth required is not available in these congested bands
d) Frequency modulation had not been invented when frequencies in these bands were allocated to users
31. What is the average height of the F layer of the ionosphere:
a) 75 km
b) 225 km
c) 275 km
d) 500 km
32. Look at this diagram. The correct labelling for Critical Angle, Dead Space and Skip Distance will be:
critical angle dead space skip distance
a) A C D
b) A B C
c) D A B
d) E A B
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
An B B B D D C D B B C D C C B D B B D C C
Q 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
An B B A D B D D C C C B D
3.2 (11-14) RADIO THEORY OSCILLATORS
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
OSCILLATORS
1. The purpose of a basic Oscillator is to:

a. amplify a signal
b. attenuate a signal
c. produce a sine wave from a DC input
d. increase the frequency of a sine wave
2. A basic oscillator consists of

1. amplifier
2. positive feedback path
3. negative feedback path
4. frequency determining circuit
5. DC supply
6. AC supply
1, 3, 4, 5.
1, 2, 4, 5.
a. b. c. 1,3,4,6. d. 1, 2, 3.
3. An electrical resonant circuit is constructed from:

a. resistors and inductors in series
b. inductors and resistors in series or parallel
c. inductors and resistors always in parallel
d. capacitor and inductor which may be in parallel or series
4. When a parallel inductive capacitive circuit is operating at its resonant frequency:

a. capacitive reactance is greater than inductive reactance
b. inductive reactance is greater than capacitive reactance
c. inductive reactance equals capacitive reactance and a large circulating current exists
d. inductive reactance equals capacitive reactance and zero current flows in the circuit
5. Capacitive reactance:
a. decreases as frequency increases
b. increases as frequency increases
c. remains constant with changes in frequency
d. remains constant up to approximately 30MHz and then decreases with increasing frequency
6. Inductive reactance:
a. decreases as frequency increases
b. increases as frequency increases
c. remains constant with changes in frequency
d. effectively falls to zero at VHF and above
7. In a LC circuit the frequency where XL = XC is called:

a. Impedance (Z)
b. Cancellation point
c. Oscillation frequency (Fo)
d. Resonant frequency (Fo)
Look at the circuit at annex A and answer the following 3 questions
8. Which components form the resonant circuit and control the frequency of operation:
l. C1 2. Ll 3. TR1 4. L2 5. C2
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1,2,3,5.
c. 2, 3, 4, 5.
d. 3 only
9. The NPN transistor TR1 is necessary to:

a. form the positive feedback path to maintain oscillations
b. act as the frequency controlling device
c. act as an amplifier and make up for losses in the circuit
d. form the negative feedback path to maintain oscillations
10. Positive feedback in the circuit:

a. is provided by transistor TR1
b. is provided by transformer coupling between L1 and L2
c. is not necessary, the oscillations are maintained by negative feedback
d. is determined by the ratio of C 1 to L 1
11. In the circuit at Annex A it is necessary to make the output frequency variable. This could be achieved by:
a. replacing C I with a variable capacitor
b. placing a variable resistor in the emitter of TR1
c. increasing the turns ratio of L 1 - L2
d. making the gain of transistor TR1 variable
12. The Piezo electric effect is:

a. the resonation when XL = XC
b. the generation of sine waves by an oscillator
c. a quartz crystal vibrating at a frequency dependent on its thickness when an EMF is applied to it
d. a quartz crystal vibrating at a frequency dependent on the size of the EMF applied to it
13. Look at the circuit at Annex B. This shows:

a. an audio frequency amplifier
b. a radio frequency amplifier
c. a crystal controlled oscillator
d. a LC controlled oscillator
14. The advantages of a crystal controlled oscillator over a LC controlled oscillator include:
1. cheapness of construction
2. precise stable frequency output
3. very narrow bandwidth
4. frequency can easily be changed
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1, 3, and 4
d. there are no particular advantages
15. The output frequency of a magnetron depends on:

a. the voltage applied to the cathode
b. the voltage applied to the anode
c. the size of the cavities
d. the material from which the cavities are constructed
16. To produce frequencies in the SHF (microwave) band which of the following could be used:
1. LC oscillator
2. Crystal oscillator
3. Magnetron
4. Klystron
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 3 only
17. Oscillations in a magnetron are maintained by:

a. electrons under the influence of a magnetic field energising the cavities
b. electrons under the influence of an electrostatic field creating negative feedback to the cavities
c. electromagnetic coupling between anode and cathode
d. electromagnetic coupling between heater and cathode
18. The high power pulse of a ground radar system is most likely to be produced by:
a. crystal oscillator
b. klystron
c. klystron followed by a power amplifier
d. magnetron
Annex A Annex B
Answers
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
An C B D C A B D A C B A C C A C C A D
3.3 (09-13) RADIO THEORY ANTENNAE
SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
ANTENNAS AND FEEDERS
1. The relationship between current and voltage in a dipole or monopole antenna is:
a. they are out of phase by 90'
b. they are in phase
c. they are in phase on a monopole and out of phase in a dipole
d. they are out of phase by 180'
2. An antenna polar diagram is:

a. a line joining points bounding the limits of reception
b. a line joining points where the signal to noise ratio will be 3 : 1
c. a line joining points where the signal to noise ratio will be 5 : 1
d. a line joining points at which the signal strength is equal
3. A simple dipole may be made directional by:

1. placing a reflector behind it
2. placing directors behind it
3. placing directors in front of it
4. placing reflectors in front of it
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1, 2, 3.
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 2 and 4 only
4. With reference to antennas, parasitic elements are:

a. unfed elements which make the radiation pattern directional
b. unfed elements which make the antenna radiation pattern omni directional
c. dipole or folded dipole radiating elements
d. parabolic reflectors placed behind the antenna
5. In the diagram shown here the parts A, B, and C are respectively:

a. dipole, reflector and directors
b. parasitic element, reflector and director
c. reflector, dipole and directors
d. directors, reflector and fed element
6. What is a loaded antenna:

a. a highly directional antenna
b. a parabolic dish antenna
c. an antenna which has had its natural wavelength increased by adding inductance and capacitance or a
combination of both
d. an antenna which has had its natural wavelength increased by adding directors and a reflector
7. Loaded antenna come in the following forms:

1. inductive (L) 2. resistive (R) 3. capacitive (C) 4. inductive capacitive (LC)
5. resistive capacitive (RC)
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
b. 4 and 5 only
c. 1, 3, and 4.
d. l, 3, and 5.
8. Skin Effect:
1. causes insulation to breakdown
2. causes to current to flow only in the outer layer of the conductor
3. effectively reduces the resistance of the conductor
4. effectively increases the resistance of the conductor
5. may be overcome by using waveguides
a. 1, 2, 3, 5.
b. 2, 3, and 5.
c. 2, 4, and 5.
d. 1, 4, and 5.
9. Skin effect is most likely to occur:

a. at high power levels up to VHF
b. at the higher frequencies ie VHF and above
c. in radar systems fed by rectangular waveguides
d. in moist, humid conditions when insulation may breakdown
10. To overcome skin effect:

a. frequencies are reduced below VHF
b. power levels are reduced
c. use hollow conductors, multi stranded conductors or waveguide
d. use conductors with a large cross sectional area thus reducing resistance
11. "Litz" or "Endraht" conductors are:

1. multi stranded wire
2. separately insulated wire 3. waveguide
4. used to reduce skin effect
5. used for the transmission of high voltages
a. 4 and 5 only
b. 1, 2, and 5
c. 1, 2, and 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
12. Radio beams may be "bent" or deflected by:

1. Terrain and buildings
2. antenna scan rates
3. different power levels
4. weather
5. coastal refraction
6. ionospheric refraction
a. 1, 2, 5, and 6
b. 1, 4, 5, and 6
c. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
13. The glide slope antenna radiates:

a. lobe transmissions on a UHF carrier which are amplitude modulated
b. lobe transmissions on a VHF carrier which are amplitude modulated
c. a scanning beam on a UHF carrier which is frequency modulated
d. a scanning beam on a SHF carrier with the designator A8W
14. The localiser transmitter radiates:
a. a scanning azimuth beam in the VHF band with 150 Hz and 90 Hz amplitude modulations
b. two lobes on a single VHF carrier with amplitude modulations of 90 and 150 Hz
c. two lobes on paired VHF carriers with amplitude modulations of 90 and 150 Hz
d. two lobes on a UHF carrier with amplitude modulations of 90 and 150 Hz
15. With reference to the ILS localises, false course and reverse indications may be received:
a. never
b. anytime when outside the published coverage area
c. at up to 17 nm range when within +/-35o of the approach course line
d. at up to 25 nm range when within +/-10° of the approach course line
16. The lowest false glide slope associated with a 3 ° ILS is:
a. 2 °
b. 3 °
c. 6 °
d. 12°
17. The ILS markers transmit:

a. lobes at 75 MHZ vertically upwards
b. a fan beam vertically upwards at 75 kHz modulated with amplitude modulated tones
c. a fan beam vertically upwards at 75 MHz modulated with amplitude modulated tones
d. lobes amplitude with tones vertically upwards
18. Fan markers use:

a. centimetric wavelengths
b. millimetric wavelengths
c. metric wavelengths
d. hectometric or kilometric wavelengths
19. MLS equipment uses:

a. centimetric wavelengths
b. millimetric wavelengths
c. metric wavelengths
d. hectometric or kilometric wavelengths
20. ADF uses:

a. hectometric or kilometric wavelengths
b. metric wavelengths
c. millimetric wavelengths
d. centimetric wavelengths
21. For a frequency of 121.95 Mhz what is the wavelength:

a. 2.46 cm
b. 2.46 mm
c. 2.46 Km
d. 2.46 m
Answers:
Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
An A D C A C C C C A C C B A B B C C C A A D

3 - ATPL Questions AGK2-Electricity - Electonics

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What are the basic principles of DC electrics discussed in the document?

What are the basic principles of DC electrics discussed in the document?

What are some ways electricity can be produced according to the document?

What are some ways electricity can be produced according to the document?

DC ELECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES

1.1 (15-16) DC ELECTRICS SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS – THEORY

2. The nucleus of an atom is:,

3. An atom is electrically balanced when:

4. The electrons of an atom are:

5. A material with a deficiency of electrons becomes:

6. A material with a surplus of electrons becomes:

7. Heat produces an electric charge when:

9. Chemical action produces electricity in:

10. A photo electric cell produces electricity when:

1. The difference in electric potential is measured in:

2. The units of electrical power is measured in:

3. The unit measurement of electrical resistance is:

5. Materials containing 'free electrons' are called:

6. The unit used for measuring the E.M.F. of electricity is:

7. The unit used for measuring:

2. The total resistance of a number of resistances connected in parallel is:

3. Ohms Law states:

4. A device consuming 80 watts at 8 amps would have a voltage supply of:

6. The symbol for volts is:

7. Electrical potential is measured in:

9. The current flowing in an electrical circuit is measured in:

10. Electro-motive force is measured in:

DC LECTRICS BASIC PRINCIPLES

DC ELECTRICS MORE SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1. OHMS law is given by the formula

2. The current flowing in a circuit is

3. The unit of EMF is the

4. Potential difference is measured in

5. The unit of current is the

6. The unit of resistance is the

7. Electrical power is measured in

9. 1.5 M ohms may also be expressed as

10. 550 K ohms may also be expressed as

11. The voltage applied to a simple resistor increases

12. What is the total resistance in this circuit

BASIC PRINCIPLES ANNEX `A'

13. The total resistance of the circuit is

1/R T = 1/12 + 1/12 + ¼

Then add the resistances in series

4.6 + 2.4 + 7 = 14Ω

14. The current flow indication on ammeter `A' would be

16. The power consumed by R5 alone is

17. The indication on voltmeter V 1 will be

18. The indication on voltmeter V3 will be

19. The indication on voltmeter V2 will be

20. The current flowing through R2 is

21. The current flowing through R3 is

22. The current flowing through R4 is

24. The power consumed by R3 alone is

25. The power consumed by R4 alone is

26. The power consumed by R1 alone is

CIRCUIT PROTECTION AND CAPACITORS

2. A trip-free circuit breaker that has tripped due to overload: