Electricity & Magnetism Lecture 1: Coulomb's Law
Electricity & Magnetism Lecture 1: Coulomb's Law
Electricity & Magnetism Lecture 1: Coulomb's Law
Today’s
Concepts:
A)
Coulomb’s
Law
B)
Superposi<on
If you haven't done Prelecture 1 yet, please do so later today
q2 q1
The
force
is
always
parallel
to
a
line
connec<ng
the
charges,
but
the
direc<on
depends
on
the
signs
of
the
charges:
q2 q1
Like
signs
repel
q2 q1
Electricity
&
Magne<sm
Lecture
1,
Slide
2
Clicker Question: Balloons
A)
A<ract
each-‐other
B)
Repel
each-‐other
C)
Either
–
it
depends
on
the
material
of
the
cloth
Text
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
We can only be sure about this if the balloons are made out of the same material.
Our
nota<on:
is
the
force
by
1
on
2
(think
“by-‐on
”)
is
the
unit
vector
that
points
from
1
to
2.
Examples:
If
the
charges
have
the
same
sign,
the
force
by
charge
1
on
charge
2
would
be
in
the
direc<on
of
r12
(to
the
right).
q1 q2
If
the
charges
have
opposite
sign,
the
force
by
charge
1
on
charge
2
would
be
opposite
the
direc<on
of
r12
(leT).
q1 q2
Which
weight
is
closest
to
the
approximate
force
between
those
paperclips
(recall
that
weight
=
mg,
g
=
9.8
m/s2)?
A)
Paperclip
(1 g x g)
B)
Text
book
(1 kg x g)
C)
Truck
(104 kg x g)
D)
AircraE
carrier
(108 kg x g)
E)
Mt.
Everest
(1014 kg x g)
“The
bigger
charge
will
push
the
smaller
charge
harder
than
the
smaller
will
push
the
larger.
“
“According
to
Newton's
Third
Law,
the
charges
exert
equal
and
opposite
forces
on
each
other.
“
“The
forces
of
two
objects
are
always
equal
and
opposite.
both
equasions
involve
the
charge
of
both
parOcles
in
the
same
manner,
therefore
they
are
the
same.
.”
Electricity
&
Magne<sm
Lecture
1,
Slide
9
Superposition
If
there
are
more
than
two
charges
present,
the
total
force
on
any
given
charge
is
just
the
vector
sum
of
the
forces
due
to
each
of
the
other
charges:
q2 F1
F2,1
F4,1
F3,1
F2,1
q1 F4,1
F1
F3,1
q4
q3
What happens to Force on q1 if its sign is changed?
A) |F1| increases
C)
|F1| decreases q2
D)
Need
more
informaKon
to
determine
q1
q4
q3
F4,1 F4,1
F2,1 F2,1
q1 q1
F1 F1
F3,1 F3,1
q4 q4
q3 F1 q3 F1
F2,1 F2,1
F3,1 F3,1
F4,1 F4,1
B)
|F1
|
= |F2| F2 = 0
F1
C)
|F1
|< |F2|
−Q +Q
D)
Depends
on
sign
of
q
Case 1 Case 2
In
case
one,
both
of
the
forces
are
working
in
the
same
direcOon
(the
downward
direcOon)
resulOng
in
a
greater
net
force
as
opposed
to
case
two
where
the
repelling
forces
are
working
in
opposite
direcOons
in
turn
canceling
each
other
out
Both
cases
have
a
charged
placed
equidistant
from
charges
of
the
same
magnitudes
so
no
ma<er
charge
q
has
the
forces
at
this
instant
are
the
same.
There
is
no
way
to
tell
if
the
forces
on
the
center
charge
are
repulsive
or
a<racOve
without
knowing
the
sign
of
the
center
charge.
q q
q
q q
q
Fy
would
equal
0
if
all
3
of
the
bo<om
charges
were
on
top
of
each
other,
but
because
they
are
pulling
at
an
angle,
they
will
not
equal
the
force
of
the
3q
charge
that
is
pulling
only
in
the
+Y
direcOon.
The
y-‐direcOon
components
also
cancel
each
other
out
since
there
is
a
charge
or
force
of
3Q
poinOng
both
upward
and
downward.
The
two
q
charges
on
the
side
also
have
an
x
component
so
their
Fy
is
not
as
great
thus
the
sum
of
the
force
from
the
bo<om
charges
in
smaller
than
the
top
charge.
The
forces
are
repulsive
so
the
charge
will
have
a
negaOve
Fy.
Electricity
&
Magne<sm
Lecture
1,
Slide
17