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    Half Wave Rectification Experiment - 3: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Lakshay
    The document describes the theory and procedure for an experiment on half wave rectification. It defines half wave rectification as a circuit using a single diode and resistor that only allows the positive half of the input AC waveform to pass. The objectives are explained, including defining rectification, half wave rectification, and analyzing the circuit's performance for the positive and negative cycles. Equations are provided to calculate values like output voltage, ripple factor, and efficiency. The procedure outlines setting up the circuit in a simulator or physically, and measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope.

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    Half Wave Rectification Experiment - 3: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Lakshay
    1K views10 pages
    The document describes the theory and procedure for an experiment on half wave rectification. It defines half wave rectification as a circuit using a single diode and resistor that only allows the positive half of the input AC waveform to pass. The objectives are explained, including defining rectification, half wave rectification, and analyzing the circuit's performance for the positive and negative cycles. Equations are provided to calculate values like output voltage, ripple factor, and efficiency. The procedure outlines setting up the circuit in a simulator or physically, and measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope.

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    Original Title

    AE Lab 3

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    The document describes the theory and procedure for an experiment on half wave rectification. It defines half wave rectification as a circuit using a single diode and resistor that only allows the positive half of the input AC waveform to pass. The objectives are explained, including defining rectification, half wave rectification, and analyzing the circuit's performance for the positive and negative cycles. Equations are provided to calculate values like output voltage, ripple factor, and efficiency. The procedure outlines setting up the circuit in a simulator or physically, and measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views10 pages

    Half Wave Rectification Experiment - 3: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Lakshay
    The document describes the theory and procedure for an experiment on half wave rectification. It defines half wave rectification as a circuit using a single diode and resistor that only allows the positive half of the input AC waveform to pass. The objectives are explained, including defining rectification, half wave rectification, and analyzing the circuit's performance for the positive and negative cycles. Equations are provided to calculate values like output voltage, ripple factor, and efficiency. The procedure outlines setting up the circuit in a simulator or physically, and measuring the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Experiment - 3

    Half Wave Rectification


    Theory

    Objectives

    At the end of the module, the student would be able to


    1. Explain Rectification
    2. Explain Half Wave Rectification
    3. Explain Half Wave Rectification: For Positive Half Cycle
    4. Explain Half Wave Rectification: For Negative Half Cycle

    Rectification

    A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current


    (DC), a process known as rectification. Rectifiers are essentially of two types
    – a half-wave rectifier and a full-wave rectifier.

    On the positive cycle the diode is forward biased and on the negative cycle
    the diode is reverse biased. By using a diode we have converted an AC source
    into a pulsating DC source. In summary we have ‘rectified’ the AC signal.
    The simplest kind of rectifier circuit is the half-wave rectifier.The half-wave
    rectifier is a circuit that allows only part of an input signal to pass. The
    circuit is simply the combination of a single diode in series with a resistor,
    where the resistor is acting as a load.

    Half Wave Rectifiers – Waveforms

    The output DC voltage of a half-wave rectifier can be calculated with the


    following two ideal equations.
    Half Wave Rectification:For Positive Half Cycle

    Diode is forward biased, acts as a short circuit, passes the waveform through.

    For positive half cycle:

    where,
    VI is the input voltage,
    Vb is barrier potential,
    rd is diode resistance,
    I is total current,
    R is resistance

    For rd<< R,

    Vb is 0.3 for Germanium ,


    Vb is 0.7 for Silicon
    For V1<Vb,

    The diode will remain OFF.The Output voltage will be,

    For V1>Vb,

    The diode will remain ON.The Output voltage will be,

    Half Wave Rectification:For Negative Half Cycle

    Diode is reverse biased, acts as a open circuit, does not pass the waveform
    through.

    For negative half cycle:

    Half wave Rectification:For an Ideal Diode

    For Ideal Diode,

    For positive half cycle,


    For negative half cycle,

    Average output voltage

    RMS load voltage

    Average load current

    RMS load current


    Form factor: It is defined as the ratio of rms load voltage and average load
    voltage.

    Ripple Factor

    Efficiency: It is defined as the ratio of dc power available at the load to the


    input ac power.

    Peak Inverse Voltage

    For rectifier applications, peak inverse voltage (PIV) or peak reverse voltage
    (PRV) is the maximum value of reverse voltage which occurs at the peak of
    the input cycle when the diode is reverse-biased.The portion of the sinusoidal
    waveform which repeats or duplicates itself is known as the cycle. The part of
    the cycle above the horizontal axis is called the positive half-cycle, the part of
    the cycle below the horizontal axis is called the negative half cycle. With
    reference to the amplitude of the cycle, the peak inverse voltage is specified
    as the maximum negative value of the sine-wave within a cycle's negative
    half cycle.
    Procedure

    1. Set the resistor R


    2. Click on 'ON' button to start the experiment.
    3. Click on 'Sine Wave'Lbutton to generate input waveform
    4. Click on 'Oscilloscope' button to get the rectified output.
    5. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
    6. Click on "Dual" button to observe both the waveform.
    7. Channel 1 shows the input sine waveform, Channel 2 shows the output
    rectified waveform.
    8. Calculate the Ripple Factor.Theoretical Ripple Factor= 1.21.

    Calculations
    Observations

    Amplitude - 1.5V (Vm ) Frequency - 2500Hz

    Vrms = Vm = 0.75V Ripple Factor = Vac = 1.211


    2 Vdc

    Vavg = Vm = 0.477V (V )
    π dc

    2 2
    Vac = (Vrms ) - (Vdc) = 0.578V

    V rms 0.75 V
    Form Factor = = = 1.57
    V avg 0.477 V

    2
    Ripple Factor = (F.F) - 1 100 = 1.211
    LT Spice

    Circuit Daigram

    Graph for V(n001)


    Graph for I(D1))

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