UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS

QUARTER 1 | LESSON 6
FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

1
 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
Our social experience affects our decision, choices, and outlook in life. Different
social institutions like, family, school, church, government, and economic situations
allow us to experience and gain knowledge on how to associate with others. Other
institutions that also influence our socialization are peer group, mass media, health
services, and our community.
People act differently in every situation. Our action greatly depends on our
personality, experiences, social status, and culture. But when an individual commits a
crime or violated significant social norms, his/her behavior should be regulated. This is
to prevent them from causing a bigger problem to society.
In this lesson, you will know forms and functions of social organizations, the
definition of deviance, its types, and reasons. The different theories of deviance will
also be discussed. You will also realize the importance of social control in regulating
human behavior especially deviant acts. Finally, you will understand the definition of
human dignity, rights and common good bounded by its types and fundamental rules.
You’ll be able to ascertain the significance of human dignity, rights and common
good as means of social control and social interaction.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
• Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• describe the different forms and functions of social
organization
• express the ways on how to avoid social deviance
• enumerate how to apply human dignity

WHAT DO I KNOW?
Let us see how well do you know about the topic.
Begin by answering the Pre-Test on the next page..
Use your notebook in writing your answers.

2
Direction: Choose the correct letter of your answer from the given choices.
1. Which of the following is the social institution entrusted with the task of teaching morality
to individuals and groups?
A. Church B. Economy C. Government D. School
2. What social institution is task to provide for the legitimate use of power?
A. Church B. Economy C. Government D. School
3. Which of the following is not a function of the church/religion?
A. serves as an instrument of socialization
B. psychological diversion from unwanted life situations
C. providing solutions for unexplained natural, phenomena
D. to care for and nurture children to become responsible adults.
4. Which of the following is not a function of the economy?
A. preparation for occupational roles
B. provide methods for the production of goods and services
C. provide methods for the distribution of goods and services
D. enable societies’ members to consume goods and services
5. What social organizations has the greatest impact on individual?
A. Economy B. Family C. Religion D. School
6. What do we call to an act that violates the society’s formally enacted laws?
A. Crime B. Disobedience C. Personality Disorder D. Rebellion
7. Vandalism, littering, loitering in restricted areas, cheating during examination are
examples of what type of deviance?
A. Group Deviance B. Individual Deviance C. Primary Deviance D. Secondary Deviance
8. Which of the following cannot be consider as a reason for deviant?
A. Happiness of the individual C. Factors coming from within the individual
B. Factors outside the individual D. Individual’s abnormalities in their personalities
9. What does Anomie theory claims?
A. Outside factors cause an individual’s deviant behaviour.
B. Persons who are biological deviants are assumed to have mental illnesses.
C. Groups in power consider deviant acts of weaker groups in order to exploit them.
D. If persons only associate but don’t identify with a group, it is not likely that they become deviant.
10. What kind of deviance an individual is creating when he/she is not conforming to their
established group norm?
A. Individual deviance B. Group deviance C. Primary devianceD. Secondary deviance
11. Why murder is considered as a sin?
a. it is wrong to kill someone c. it violates the law
b. I don’t see anything wrong to that d. because only God can give/remove our lives.
12. 12. Which statement clearly reflects the equality of races?
a. Only people with lighter skin and from European race can enjoy our beach resort.
b. Filipinos are just domestic workers in other countries none other than that they are
nothing more here.
c. Black skinned people are more deadly and dangerous than Asians.
d. Regardless of your ethnicity we are all human beings worthy to have our freedom.
13. 13. Which of the following is defined as something that cannot be taken away, that each
and every person has values, worthy of great respect and must be free from slavery,
manipulation and exploitation?
a. Human dignity b. Human Rights c. Human Freedom d. Human Being
14. What kind of right is provided by the law making body of a country or by law, such as
the right to receive a minimum wage and right to preliminary investigation.
a. Statutory Rights b. Political Rights c. Economic Rights d. Constitutional Rights
15. You are working as a cashier in a convenient store which it follows the priority lane to senior citizens,
pregnant women and PWD’s, apparently there are two men in the paying counter lane next to an
adult man. In your front was an old man around 70 years old, what will be your next step?
a. I will ask the old man if he’s in his 60’s so that I can assist him first in the counter.
b. First come first serve we are all equal in the eyes of the law.
c. I’ll ask the man if it’s alright to assist first the old man behind him regardless of whether
his a Senior Citizen or not.
d. Just ignore them both cause there’s a lot of things to do first to myself.

3
 LESSON FORMS AND FUNCTIONS
OF 5 SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

WHAT’S IN?
As you learned in the past lesson, society is dependent on people’s social
interaction. Thus, a person builds his/her personality by interacting with others in
society. In the process of socialization, social institutions (family, school, economy,
church, and government) play crucial roles.

A society cannot exist without members and the same is true that individuals
cannot exist without being a member of a certain society. It is important that laws,
norms, and rules and regulations must be obeyed for our country to have full members
of society.

Can you say that you are a law-abiding citizen? Why?

Have you experience breaking the rules and regulations in your school?
What happened when you do not obey the commands of your parents?.

Study the pictures

carefully and answer the
questions that follow.

WHAT’S NEW?

1. What do you see in the picture?

2. Can you give some words that best describe the given pictures?

4
 WHAT IS IT?
DISCUSSION OF ACTIVITY 1

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Social organizations or institutions are established sets of norms and subsystems that
support each society's survival. Each sector carries out certain tasks and has different
responsibilities that contribute to the overall functioning and stability of a society. This helps
to decrease chaos and increase structure.

PRIMARY INSTITUTIONS
The Family
The family is the basic social institution in the society.
Important functions or roles of Family for society:
1. for biological reproduction;
2. the primary agent of socialization;
3. the institution for economic cooperation through division of labor; and
4. to care for and nurture children to become responsible adults.
The School
The school is the social institution that has prevalent influence in shaping the minds
of the younger generation through education. Education refers to the formal and informal
process of transmitting the knowledge, beliefs and skills from one generation to the next.
Functions of Education:
1. transmitting culture;
2. preparation for occupational roles;
3. evaluating and selecting competent individuals; and
4. transmitting functional skills for functioning in society.
The Church/Religion
The church is the social institution entrusted with the task of teaching morality to
individuals and groups. Religion refers to a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature and
purpose of the universe. It gives individual believers an explanation for life, a guide for
ethical behavior, and an explanation for human problems that cannot be answered by
reason alone.
Functions of Religion:
1. providing solutions for unexplained natural, phenomena;
2. supplying a means for controlling the natural world;
3. religion tends to support the normative structure of the society;
4. furnishing a psychological diversion from unwanted life situations;
5. sustaining the existing class structure;
6. religion serves as an instrument of socialization;
7. religion may both promote and retard social change; and
8. religion may both reduce and encourage conflict in groups.
The Economy
Economic organization involves production, distribution, and consumption of goods
and services.
Functions of Economy:
1. provide methods for the production of goods and services;
2. provide methods for the distribution of goods and services; and
3. enable societies’ members to consume goods and services which are produced

5
Government/ Politics
Individuals learn to obey laws and perform social functions in the community where
they belong with civic consciousness and commitment through the government.
Functions of Government:
1. the Institutionalization of norms (Laws);
2. the enforcement of laws;
3. the adjudication of conflict (Court);
4. provide for the welfare of members of society; and
5. protection of society from external threat.

Guide Questions:
1. Why is family considered as the ”nurturer of human nature?”
2. Does your religion affect the way you interact with your friends?
3. How does education contribute in maintaining social order?
4. Why is the economy important for social and cultural life?
5. What is good governance for you?

Other Social Institutions

Mass Media
Effects of Mass Media:
1. the effects of advertising on purchasing;
2. the effects of political campaigns on voting;
3. the effects of public service announcements;
4. the effects of propaganda on ideology; and
5. the effects of media ritual on social control.
Peer Group
a social group whose members have interests, social positions, and age in common
Functions of Peer Group:
1. assist in the transition to adult responsibilities;
2. encourage young individual to follow pursuits that society considers admirable
3. helps a person to develop relationships with others in the social system; and
4. it serves as a venue for teaching members gender roles.
Health Sector
One of the factors that affect socialization is health. It affects the way a person
behave and interacts with others. A healthy person has the confidence to join social
functions and civic activities while a person suffering from illness limits his/her functions and
social activities.
Community/ Neighborhood
A community is a group of interacting people, living in some proximity. Community
usually refers to a social unit—larger than a household—that shares common values and
has social cohesion.
Deviance and Social Control
Deviance is defined by a behavior that violates significant social norms and is
disapproved by majority of people. The sociology of deviance is concerned primarily with
violation of behaviors that are considered unacceptable or offensive by majority because
society subjects all of us to social control.

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Types of Deviance
1. Primary and Secondary Deviance
Primary deviance refers to a person’s behavior which violates or does not conform to a
prescribed norm of conduct but is tolerated or concealed by others. While Secondary deviance
refers to the behaviour of a lifetime conformist or the behaviour of a branded criminal.
Examples:
Primary Deviant Secondary Deviant
Vandalism Rubbery
Cheating during examination Kidnapping
Littering Drug Addiction
Cutting-classes Murder
Loitering in restricted areas Prostitutes

2. Individual and Group Deviance

Individual deviance refers to a violation against a group’s norm or subculture.
Group deviance refers to the act of members of a group to conform to the group’s norms
but which disagree with norms of the larger society.
Examples:
Individual Deviance Group Deviance
Eating or drinking something that is not Street gangs
allowed in your religion Cult
Reasons for Deviance
There are different perspectives for the causes of deviance. For Biologists, deviance
is caused by factors coming from within the individual. While Sociologists say that factors
outside the individual cause deviance. Finally, according to Psychologists, deviance is
caused by abnormalities in their personalities.
Social Control
Social control refers to the “techniques and strategies” for regulating human
behaviour in any society.
Two type of Sanctions:
1. INFORMAL SANCTIONS - Unofficial, often casual pressures to conform. Positive informal
sanctions involve reward for conformity or compliance.
2. FORMAL SANCTIONS- Official, institutionalized incentives to conform and penalties for
deviance. Needed in large complex societies. Criminal Justice system is the most
important and visible institution of social control.

These may take form of arrest, pre-trial, sentencing or imprisonment.

Being a member of a society entails certain responsibilities or roles that must be

accomplished. If these roles were not met, problems will start to come up. This is the
reason why we have institutions or authorities that render punishment to the offenders.

1. Why does deviance occur?

2. Why is social control important?
3. Are there behaviors that were considered deviant before but are acceptable now?
Cite examples.

7
 DEEPENING
Human Dignity is the recognition that human beings possess a special value intrinsic
to their humanity and such are worthy of respect simply because they are human beings. It
is also states that every person has value and must be free from any form of abuse.
Violations against Human Dignity: Though interconnected, they are identified into categories.
1. Humiliation- the act of embarrassing or diminishing the worth of a person. Examples:
Bullying, Public Shaming, Smart Shaming
2. Objectification- refers as treating a person as an instrument or as means of other
goal/achievement. Example: Dating a famous person for Fame, Mistreatment to
Women and LGBTQ+
3. Degradation- the act of degrading the value of human being.
Example: Human trafficking, Selling a person into slavery
4. Dehumanization- These is an act of stripping off a person’s human characteristics
and entitlement.
Example: Torture, Sexual Abuse, Genocidal, Murder
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement which are the
fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, in
accordance of some legal, social convention, or ethical theory.
Human Rights are natural rights of all human beings whatever their nationality,
religion, ethnicity, sex, language and color. We are equally entitled to our human rights
without discrimination.
1. Natural Rights-These are the rights inherent to man and given to him by God as
human being. (Right to live, love and be happy)
2. Constitutional Rights- These are the rights guaranteed under the fundamental
charter of the country (rights against unreasonable searches and seizure, rights
safeguarding the accused.)
3. Statutory Rights- rights provided by the law making body of a country or by law, such
as the right to receive a minimum wage and right to preliminary investigation.
4. Civil Rights- These are rights specified under the Bill of rights. (Freedom of speech,
right to information) Rights enjoyed by an individual by virtue of his citizenship in a
state or community.
5. Economic Rights- These are the rights to property, whether personal, real or
intellectual. (Right to use and dispose his property, right to practice one’s profession,
right to make a living)
6. Political Rights- These are the rights of an individual enjoys as a consequence of being a
member of body polity. (Right to vote and right to be voted into public office.
Common Good, that which benefits society as a whole, in contrast to the private
good of individuals and sections of society which is also the sum of those conditions of
social life which allowed social groups and their individual members, relatively thorough
and ready access to their own fulfillment.
Examples:
- Accessible and affordable public health care system
- Effective system of public safety and security
- Peace among nations
- Just legal political system
- Unpolluted natural environment
- Flourishing economic system
- Eradicating poverty

8
 WHAT’S MORE?
GUIDED ACTIVITY 1
Fill-in the chart below
with the different social
organizations/institutions.
Answer the questions
that follow.

1. How do changes in one social

institution impact another?
Explain your answer.
2. Why is it important that
social institutions are
performing well?

GUIDED ASSESSMENT 1
Identify the form of social institution that is being described by the following.
Match column A with column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. The primary agent of socialization A. Church
2. Teaching morality to individuals and groups B. Community
3. The enforcer of laws C. Economy
4. Socialization using cell phones and other gadgets D. Family
5. Group of people that shares common values E. Government
6. Assist in the transition to adult responsibilities F. Mass media
7. Responsible for the distribution of goods and services G. Peer group
8. Provide solutions for unexplained natural, phenomena H. School
9. Taking care and nurturing children
10. Transmitting functional skills for functioning in society.

GUIDED ACTIVITY 2 LET’S

Do the following tasks and fill-in the table below. DO

THIS!
Deviant Behavior Reason/Cause Approved Behavior
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

9
GUIDED ASSESSMENT 2
Classify whether the following are examples of Conformity or Deviance.

1. Following rules 6. Greetings

2. Rape 7. Homicide
3. Queues 8. Education and career
4. Corporate crime 9. Mental problem
5. Drug use 10. Binge drinking

GUIDED ACTIVITY 2
The following are the issues with great impact to humanity, write down ways
on how you can help solve these issues as you apply the common good.
1. Climate Change
2. Poor Health Services
3. Crimes and Poverty
4. Individual Interest
5. Inequality and Inequity

GUIDED ASSESSMENT 3
Write NR if the phrase is Natural Rights, CoR for Constitutional Rights, SR for Statutory
Rights, CVR if Civil Rights, ER if Economic Rights and PR if Political Rights.

1. Right to live
2. Right to take board examination
3. Right to run in election
4. Right to vote
5. Right to speak
6. Right to have a business
7. Right to have a birth certificate
8. Right to be paid fairly
9. Right to pay your overtime
10. Right to rent to own house

10
 WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?
Reflect on what you have learned from the lesson by completing the
sentences below. Answer it in 2-3 sentences.
1. What are your thoughts about Social Organizations/Institutions? I thought…
2. What additional ideas did you learn after taking up Deviance, Conformity, and
Social Control? I learned…
3. How are you going to apply the things you learned in Human Dignity, Rights,
and Common Good? I will apply…

WHAT CAN I DO?

1. Explain three (3) functions of religion that are positive in our society.
2. Enumerate at least 10 deviant behavior that is observed in your
community. Discuss why such behavior have been committed.
3. Answer the question in 100-150 words through an essay: How will you promote
human dignity, rights and common good through your actions?

Choose the correct letter

of your answer from the
given choices.

1. What social organizations has the greatest impact on individual?

A. Economy B. Family C. Religion D. School
2. Which of the following is not a function of the church/religion?
A. serves as an instrument of socialization
B. psychological diversion from unwanted life situations
C. providing solutions for unexplained natural, phenomena
D. to care for and nurture children to become responsible adults.
3. Which of the following is the social institution entrusted with the task of teaching morality to
individuals and groups?
A. Church B. Economy C. Government D. School
4. Which of the following is not a function of the economy?
A. preparation for occupational roles
B. provide methods for the production of goods and services
C. provide methods for the distribution of goods and services
D. enable societies’ members to consume goods and services
5. What social institution is task to provide for the legitimate use of power?
A. Church B. Economy C. Government D. School
6. Which of the following cannot be consider as a reason for deviant?
A. Happiness of the individual C. Factors coming from within the individual
B. Factors outside the individual D. Individual’s abnormalities in their personalities

11
7. What does Anomie theory claims?
A. Outside factors cause an individual’s deviant behaviour.
B. Persons who are biological deviants are assumed to have mental illnesses.
C. Groups in power consider deviant the acts of weaker groups in order to exploit them.
D. If persons only associate but do not identify with a group, it is not likely that they become deviant.
8. What do we call to an act that violates the society’s formally enacted laws?
A. Crime B. Disobedience C. Personality Disorder D. Rebellion
9. What kind of deviance an individual is creating when he/she is not conforming to their
established group norm?
A. Individual deviance B. Group deviance C. Primary deviance D. Secondary deviance
10. Vandalism, littering, loitering in restricted areas, cheating during examination are examples
of what type of deviance?
A. Group Deviance B. Individual Deviance C. Primary Deviance D. Secondary Deviance
11. Which of the following is defined as something that cannot be taken away, that each and
every person has values, worthy of great respect and must be free from slavery, manipulation
and exploitation?
a. Human dignity b. Human Rights c. Human Freedom d. Human Being
12. Why murder is considered as a sin?
A. it is wrong to kill someone C. it violates the law
B. I don’t see anything wrong to that D. because only God can give and remove our lives.
13. What kind of right is provided by the law making body of a country or by law, such as the
right to receive a minimum wage and right to preliminary investigation.
a. Statutory Rights b. Political Rights c. Economic Rights d. Constitutional Rights
14. You are working as a cashier in a convenient store which it follows the priority lane to senior
citizens, pregnant women and PWD’s, apparently there are two men in the paying counter
lane next to an adult man. In your front was an old man around 70 years old, what will be
your next step?
A. I will ask the old man if he’s in his 60’s so that I can assist him first in the counter.
B. First come first serve we are all equal in the eyes of the law.
C. I’ll ask the man if it’s alright to assist first the old man behind him regardless of whether
his a Senior Citizen or not.
D. Just ignore them both cause there’s a lot of things to do first to myself
15. Which statement clearly reflects the equality of races?
A. Only people with lighter skin and from European race can enjoy our beach resort.
B. Filipinos are just domestic workers in other countries none other than that they are nothing more here.
C. Black skinned people are more deadly and dangerous than Asians.
D. Regardless of your ethnicity we are all human beings worthy to have

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Suppose our government did not implement Social Amelioration Program (SAP) and
did not distributed food packs to the Filipino family during this COVID 19 pandemic.
1. What do you think will happen to our countrymen?
2. Can you say that our government is doing its role as one of the primary
social institutions?
3. Write your answer in 8-10 sentences.

12
Books
Understanding culture, society, and politics by Santarita and Madrid pages 61-66.
Understanding culture, society, and politics by Lanuza and Raymundo pages 166-179
Website
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/reading-
introduction-to-culture/
https://www.sociologyguide.com/basic-concepts/Social-Institutions.php
https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-institutions-definition-examples-quiz.html
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/social-institutions/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284325037_Role_of_family_as_a_social_institution_
on_children's_wellbeing_in_the_contemporary_Sri_Lankan_Society
https://www.academia.edu/7991458/SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-lockdown-strikes-fear-manila-poor-
200313133102404.html
https://www.slideshare.net/AtifNauman3/mass-media-as-institution
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/agents-of-socialization/
ttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/in-class-activities/
ResearchGate.net: Human Dignity and Rights; Roberto Adorno, University of Zurich
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278689454_HUman_Dignity_and_Human_R
ights
University of Minnesota Human Rights Resource Center; Human Rights Tree:
https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/hreduseries/hereandnow/Part-3/Activity2.html
Brittanica- Common Good: https://www.brittanica.com/topics/common_good
Trinity International University ,Center for Biometrics and Human Dignity; The Human Dignity:
https://cbdh.org?category/issues/human-dignitry
Civil Service India-Types of Rights: https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Political-
Science/notes/rights-meaning-and-theories.html
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy- Human Dignity: https://www.iep.utm.edu/hum/dign/
Phillipine Official Gazette: The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIII:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-
the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiii
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Common Good:
https://plato.standford.edu/entries/common-good
Human Dignity, Rights and the Common Good: Danilo F. Maribao, Paliparan III Senior High
School, Dasmariñas, Cavite Slideshare:
https://www.google.com/url?sa+t&source+web&rct+j&url+https://www.slideshare.net
/mobile/dan_maribao/dannymaribaolesson-5human-
dignity&ved+2ahUKEwjnpqnLxtvpAhWKc3AKHf6WBfwQjjgwC3oECAEQAg&usg+AOvV
aw2D3Ep0lLap6tgvzC0AIVOj
General sociology by Oams-as, Capule, et al pages 156-169
https://Quizlet.com/103964172/sociology-deviance-and-crime-quiz.flashcards
https://Proprofs.com/Quiz-school/quiztions.php?tittle=sociology-101-
deviance&q=1 https://Study.com/academy/exam/topic/deviance social-
control_html https://Quizlet.com/72974497/unit3-Conformity-deviance-falsh.cards/
https://Whyfund.net/Sociology/test%20%20Sociology%20%20chapter%207%20-
%20Deviance%20and%20Social20Control%20multiple%20choice.htm
https://google.com/Search?q=Conformity+and+deviance+example
https://uky.edu/-drlane/teams/pavitt/ch6.htm
https://www.coursehero.com/sg/introduction-to-sociology/theories-of-deviance/
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/sociology/deviance-crime-and-social-
control/theories-of-deviance

ANSWER KEY
.15 A/C .7 C .8 Conformity .7 SR .15 D
.14 A .7 C .6 G .7 Deviance .6 ER .14 A/C .7 A
.13 A .6 A .5 B .6 Conformity .5 CVR .13 A .6 A
.12 D .5 B .4 F .5 Deviance .4 PR .12 C/D .5 C
.11 C/D .4 A H.10 .3 E .4 Deviance CVR.10 .3 PR .11 A .4 A
B.10 .3 D .9 D .2 A .3 Conformity .9 SR .2 CVR C.10 .3 A
.9 A .2 C .8 A .1 D .10 Deviance .2 Deviance .8 SR .1 NR .9 B .2 D
.8 A .1 A Assessment 1 .9 Deviance .1 Conformity 3 .8 A .1 B
Pre-Test Guided Guided Assessment 2 Guided Assessment Assessment

13