JHS

English 8
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Using Grammatical Signals or
Expressions for Idea
Development
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Using Grammatical Signals or Expressions for Idea
Development
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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 JHS

English 8
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Using Grammatical Signals or
Expressions for Idea
Development
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English- Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Using
Grammatical Signals or Expressions for Idea Development!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English- Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Using
Grammatical Signals or Expressions for Idea Development!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each
pattern of idea development: general to particular; claim and counterclaim;
problem-solution; cause and effect; and others. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define each pattern of idea development: general to particular, claim and
counterclaim, problem-solution, cause and effect, and others;
2. Identify grammatical signals or expressions in idea development;
3. Analyze pattern of ideas development in texts; and

What I Know

4. Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions in making an essay.

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. __________ show the connection between ideas.

a. solutions c. patterns
b. grammatical signals d. causes
2. A claim is the main argument. A _________ is the opposite of the argument.
a. problem c. debate
b. counterclaim d. anti-claim
3. __________ is the answer to a problem.
a. issue c. solution
b. result d. situation
4. _________ usually express the main point or main idea.
a. general ideas c. additional ideas
b. specific ideas d. supporting ideas
5. _________ is what results from an event or condition.
a. claim c. cause
b. counterclaim d. effect
 G Using Grammatical Signals
1 or Expressions for Idea
Development
Reading and writing is fundamental in life. As a reader, it is important for
you to comprehend what you are reading through generating ideas and their
relationships. And as a writer you should know which method and words to use for
the organization of your ideas.

In this lesson, you will discover the different grammatical signals or

expressions and the way they are used to make patterns in idea development.

What’s In

Directions: Complete the sentences below by providing the correct words.

1. I will not allow you to go_________ you promise me something.

a. if c. unless
b. when d. although

2. I will tell you ________ the time is right.

a. if c. when
b. although d. since
3. I hope you will always be safe ______you go.
a. when c. although
b. because d. wherever
4. Complete the statement with an appropriate conjunction. “My goal is to
become a doctor, _______, I work especially hard in my science classes”
a. but c. however
b. nevertheless d. therefore
5. Peter slept early_______ he was not feeling well.
a. or c. and
b. both d. since
Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. What type of speech are your answers?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What function do such words perform in sentences?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. What other words under the same part of speech do you know? Give at least
five.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Directions: Finish the sentences about you. Use the simple present tense.

1. I usually study hard for the test. As a result …

_____________________________________________________________________

2. They say that dogs are man’s best pet. But for me …
_____________________________________________________________________

3. I have a friend who finds it hard to sleep early at night. He should …

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Just like other new normal, I have fears. Specifically, …

_____________________________________________________________________

5. I want to be safe. That’s why …

_____________________________________________________________________
 What is It

Grammatical Signals or Expressions are words and phrases that show the
connection between ideas. The patterns of ideas are developed through:

 General to particular- is a method of developing an idea by moving from a

broad observation about a topic to specific details in support of that topic.
General ideas usually express the main point or main idea of a piece of
writing. Specific ideas provide evidence to further define the general or main
idea and prove that it is valid.
Grammatical Signals or Expressions:
o specifically o to enumerate
o especially o in detail
o in particular o namely
o to explain o including
o to list

Sample Sentence:
The fabrics of France hold the first place, particularly the silk which is
more expensive kind.

 Claim and counterclaim- refers to the structure of an argument where

there is more than one side to a debate. A claim is the main argument. A
counterclaim is the opposite of the argument.
Grammatical Signals or Expressions:
o but o in spite of
o however o in contrast
o while o claim that
o although o show that
o argue that

Sample Sentence:
Others argue breeding standards should not change because a
bulldog will no longer look like a bulldog and will no longer be as “cute”.
However, the cuteness of bulldogs should not come before their health.

 Problem- solution- is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by

identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions. The problem is
the issue. The solution is the answer to the problem.
Grammatical Signals or Expressions:
o problem o solution
o answer o solved
o so that o led to
 o in order to o plan
Sample Sentence:

Since pollution has a detrimental impact on modern living standards,

a key solution is increased recycling of waste products.

 Cause and effect- is a method of idea development in which a writer

analyzes the reasons for—and/or the consequences of—an action, event, or
decision. The cause is simply why something happens while the effect
describes what happens.
Grammatical Signals or Expressions:
o because o effect
o therefore o thus
o so that o since
o cause o as a result
o reason o if . . . then

Sample Sentence:
Because the alarm was not set, we were late for online class.

What’s More

Directions: Read the text below and answer the diagram that follows.

One of the greatest environmental problems in our time we are

facing is global warming. Many researchers believe that excessive
emissions of carbon dioxide, as well as other greenhouse gases have a
heating impact on the environment and that is very harmful to human
existence. Another cause of global warming is deforestation. We don’t
have enough trees to absorb toxic gases. Many problems might result
from global warming and one of the utmost problems is increasing sea
level. This could lead to the flooding of lower lying coastal areas and also
cities. Some countries might even vanish completely in near future.
Global warming also changes the weather patterns. Many areas of the
earth are experiencing severe weather conditions, drought, floods, and
other uncommon weather conditions. People are also at risk of health–
related problems such as skin diseases and respiratory illnesses.
 GLOBAL WARMING

What I Have Learned

Directions: Express what you have learned in this lesson by completing the
sentences below.
1. General to particular is
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Claim and counterclaim refers

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Problem-solution is
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Cause and effect is

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 What I Can Do

Directions: Cyber bullying is common nowadays. Make a three-paragraph about it.

Use the general to specific pattern of development in the first paragraph; claim and
counterclaim in the second paragraph; and problem-solution for the last
paragraph.

Criteria:
Content_________50%
Organization____30%
Coherence_______20%
100%

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
 1. __________ is a method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying
a problem and proposing one or more solutions.
a. general to particular c. problem-solution
b. claim and counterclaim d. cause and effect
2. __________ is a method of idea development in which a writer analyzes the
reasons for—and/or the consequences of—an action, event, or decision.
a. general to particular c. problem-solution
b. claim and counterclaim d. cause and effect
3. __________ is a method of developing an idea by moving from a broad
observation about a topic to specific details in support of that topic.
a. general to particular c. problem-solution
b. claim and counterclaim d. cause and effect
4. __________ refers to the structure of an argument where there is more than
one side to a debate.
a. general to particular c. problem-solution
b. claim and counterclaim d. cause and effect
5. __________ can be used in claim and counterclaim pattern of idea
development.
a. argue that c. specifically
b. as a result d. similarly

Directions: Draw a 😊 if the statement is true and ☹ if it is false.

_________6. Effect is the answer to the problem.

_________7. Specific ideas provide evidence to further define the general or

main idea and prove that it is valid.

_________8. The cause is simply why something happens.

_________9. A counterclaim is same as the claim/argument.

_________10. Conjunctions can be used as grammatical signals.

Additional Activities

Directions: Use the following grammatical signals or expressions appropriately.

1. in particular
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. although
 ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. in contrast
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4. so that
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

5. because
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Answer Key
 Assessment What's In What I Know
1. c 1. c 1. b
2. d 2. c 2. b
3. a 3. d 3. c
4. b 4. d 4. a
5. a 5. d 5. d
6. ☹
7. 😊
8. 😊
9. ☹
10.😊

References
Hill, S. (2012). Developing early literacy: Assessment and teaching (2nd ed.). South
Yarra, Vic: Eleanor Curtain.
Mackenzie, N. (2011). From drawing to writing: What happens when you shift
teaching priorities in the first months of school? Australian Journal of
Language and literacy, 34 (3), 322-340. 
Bahl, Vik. Paragraph Development. English 127 Research Writing syllabus. Green
River Community College.

Electronic sources:
https://cairn.edu/documents/2016/10/writing-lab-signal-words.pdf/
https://www.slideshare.net/aliciamargaretjavelosa/patterns-of-development-
reading-and-writing